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2023年12月17日发(作者:enclosure)

pleasure的语法与用法

1. 表示一般意义的“愉快”“高兴”“快乐”等,是不可数名词;表示具体的“乐事”“快事”等,是可数名词。比较:

同你谈话(我们)很愉快。

正:It gives us much pleasure to talk with you.

正:It is a pleasure to talk with you.

2. 其后一般不接不定式,但可接of doing sth,但此时的pleasure前一般有定冠词。如:

May we have the pleasure of your company for lunch? 请和我们共进午餐好吗?

There’s nothing to compare with the pleasure of being with you. 跟你在一起是无比的愉快。

有时也后接in doing sth,但此时的pleasure前通常不用冠词。如:

He takes great pleasure in teaching children. 他很喜欢教小孩。

Children find endless pleasure in playing with water. 小孩子从玩水中可以找到无穷的乐趣。

注意下面这样的句子,句首的it为形式主语,其后后通常可接不定式(用作句子真正主语)。如:

It gives me great pleasure to grow flowers. 种花给很大的乐趣。

3. 注意:下面两句从语法结构上看是一样的,但是从交际角度上看,第二句不可接受的:

正:May I have the pleasure of dancing with you? 我可以和你跳舞吗?

误:Will you have the pleasure of dancing with me?

4. 比较 my pleasure和 with pleasure:前者用来回答感谢,意为“不用谢”;后者用来答应对方的请求或邀请等,意为“可以”“没问题”。如:

A:Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮了我。

B:My pleasure. 别客气。

A:Will you lend me the book? 这本书你借给我好吗?

B:With pleasure. 可以。

注:回答感谢,除可用 my pleasure 外,还可用:(It’s) a pleasure. / (It’s) my pleasure. / Pleasure

was all mine. 等。

failure的用法与搭配

1. 泛指一般意义的“失败”,是不可数名词。如:

Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

若指具体的失败的人或事等,则为可数名词。如:

The performance was rather a failure. 表演颇不成功。

He was a failure as a teacher. 他当过教师,却不称职。

另外,若指一次失败,也是可数名词。如:

Success came after many failures. 多次失败之后,终于获得了成功。

2. 表示未能做某事,通常用 one’s failure to do sth。如:

His failure to help us was disappointing. 他未能帮助我们真是令人失望。

I am puzzled by his failure to reply to my letter. 他不给我回信使我百思不解。

His failure to pass the examination surprised US. 他的落榜是使我们吃惊的。

表示在某一方面的失败或考试不及格等,可用介词 in。如:

Failure in one examination should not stop you trying again. 一次考试不及格不应妨碍你再试一次。

exercise可数吗

1. 表示以下用法,通常为不可数名词:

(1) 表示为增强体质或增进健康而进行的身体锻炼。如:

Exercise will do you good. 运动对你会有好处。

You need to take more exercise. 你要多运动。

You can take a little light exercise. 你可做点轻微的运动。

偶尔也可与不定冠词连用,表示一种运动。如:

Walking is (a) good exercise. 散步是(一种)很好的运动。

(2) 表示权力的行使、技巧的运用以及品质发挥等。如:

The exercise of patience is essential in diplomatic negotiations. 在外交谈判中,重要的是要有耐性。

2. 表示以下用法,通常为可数名词:

(1) 表示为复习知识而进行练习或训练。如:

We’ll do some exercises in grammar today. 今天我们要做一些语法练习。

(2) 表示为保持健康或培养技能而进行的一套(a set of) 训练动作或练习。如:

He does exercises to strengthen his voice. 他训练嗓音。

Relaxation exercises can free your body of tension. 放松运动可以松缓身体的紧张。

(3) 表示为达到某特定结果而进行的活动。如:

3. 表示“操练”“体操”“典礼”等,通常用复数形式。如:

We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。

Will you attend the graduation exercises? 你将出席毕业典礼吗?

means的用法与搭配

用作名词,主要表示“方式”“方法”“手段”等,使用时注意以下几点:

1. 单复数同形(永远有词尾-s)。若用作主语,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。如:

One means is still to be tried. 有一种办法还没有试行。

All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法,所有的办法都用过了。

有时用作主语其单复数意思不明,则谓语可用单数或复数。如:

Is [Are] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?

The end is good, but the means is [are] bad. 结局是很好,但采取的手段是不好的。

2. 表示做某事的方法,其后通常接“of+(动)名词”。如:

There are several means of transport on the island. 岛上有好几种交通工具。

There is no means of finding out what happened. 无法弄清发生了什么事情。

Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there. 去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。

有时也可后接不定式,但不如接 of doing sth 常见。另外有时也可后接 for doing sth, 也不如用 of doing sth 常见。

3. 表示以某种方式、方法或手段,通常用介词 by。如:

This money wasn’t earned by honest means. 这笔钱不是通过正当手段得来的。

He explained to us the means by which he persuaded her to come. 他给我们说明了他是如何说服她来的。

注意以下与介词 by 连用的常用词组:

(1) by means of 意为“依靠”“通过”。如:

We express our thoughts by means of words. 我们用词句来表达思想。

He got into the house by means of an open window. 他从一扇开着的窗户爬进屋去。

(2) by all means 意为“无论如何地”“千方百计地”。如:

This plan must be realized by all means. 这个计划必须千方百计予以实现。

在口语中可以表示“当然可以”。如:

A:May I borrow your paper? 我可以借你的报纸吗?

B:By all means. 当然可以。

(3) by no means 意为“绝不”“一点也不”(用于句首,句子要倒装)。如:

I’m by no means happy about his work. 我对他的工作一点也不满意。

By no means should he be left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下。

有时可说成not by any means。如:

A foreign language isn’t by any means easy to master. 要精通外语绝对不是件简单的事。

Internet用法说明

1. 总是大写第一个字母,通常与定冠词连用,在非正式场合也可写成the Net。表示“在互联网上”,其前通常用介词on。如:

My free time is spent surfing the net. 我的空余时间都花在上网浏览网页。

You should check out this music website on the Internet. 你应当在互联网上查看一下这个音乐网站。

2. 注意以下表示类似“上网”意义的不同表达:

Do you have access to the Internet? 你能上因特网吗?

He is browsing the Internet. 他在上网浏览信息。

She likes to go on the Internet in the evenings. 她喜欢在晚上上网。

We often search the Internet for information. 我们经常上互联网上搜索信息。

另外,与动词use连用也是一种很常用的搭配。如:

It is becoming increasingly commonplace for people to use the Internet at home. 在家里使用因特网已变成越来越平常的事了。

3. 汉语说的“网吧”,说成英语可以是the Internet café。如:

Travellers can check their email at the Internet cafe in the square. 旅行者可以在广场上的网吧里查看自己的电子邮件。

另外,“网吧”还可用cybercafe表示。如:

Many towns and cities have cybercafes where you can surf the Internet. 许多城镇都有网吧,在那儿人们可以在网上冲浪。

dinner的用法与搭配

1. 表示“正餐”,可指中餐,也可指晚餐。若中餐为 dinner, 则晚餐称为 tea 或 supper;若晚餐为 dinner, 则中餐称为 lunch。

2. 一般为不可数名词,不与冠词连用。如:

Will you join us for dinner? 你来和我们一起吃饭好吗?

He ate too much dinner. 他饭吃得太多。

I haven’t had [eaten] dinner yet. 我还没有吃饭。

若具体指某一餐饭或受形容词的修饰,则也可用冠词。如:

The dinner was badly cooked. 这顿饭做得不好。

I never eat a big dinner. 我的饭量向来不大。

若特指,可受定冠词的修饰。如:

The dinner smells good. 这饭菜闻起来真香。

有时可用作可数名词,表示“一份饭菜”。如:

They ordered two hot dinners. 他们点了两份热饭菜。

3. 一日3餐为:breakfast(早餐),lunch(中餐),supper(晚餐)。其用法与上面 dinner 的用法大致相同。现分述如下:

(1) 表示一般意义的“早餐”“中餐”“晚餐”时,其前不用冠词。如:

Breakfast is served until 早餐一直供应到上午9点。

Can you manage lunch on Tuesday? 你星期二能来吃午饭吗?

当与at, after, before, for, over, since, without等介词搭配时,原则上不用冠词。如:

Please make your beds before breakfast. 请在早饭前把床铺好。

I like to have cornflakes for breakfast. 早餐我喜欢吃玉米片。

She scanned the newspaper over breakfast. 她吃着早饭把报纸大略看了一遍。

We’ve come fifty miles since lunch. 我们午饭后走了50英里了。

I had to go without breakfast this morning as I was in a hurry. 我今早很匆忙,只好不吃早饭了。

(2) 若是特指某一顿早、中、晚餐,则可在其前加定冠词或甚至其他限定词。如:

Thank you for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。

After that breakfast, I never saw her again. 吃了那顿早餐后,我就再没有看到过她。

(3) 若具体指某一顿饭或受形容词的修饰,则也可用冠词。如:

He takes a packed lunch to work. 他带包好的午饭上班。

So we had a very late supper. 所以我们晚饭吃得很晚。

After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐,他就赶到车站去了。

(4) 若要表示具体的量,可用some, much, little等修饰。如:

She didn’t eat much breakfast. 她没有吃多少早餐。

She always eats very little supper. 她晚饭总是吃得很少。

Take her some breakfast on a tray. 用托盘给她送些早餐。

有时也可不直接用 much, little 等修饰,而换用其他表达。如:

She never eats much for breakfast. 她早点从不多吃。

(5) 有时可用复数形式,强调不同种类或供多人使用。如:

We serve hot and cold lunches. 我处供应冷热午餐。

Does this pub provide lunches? 这家酒馆供应午餐吗?

Free school lunches are given to children who qualify. 免费的学校午餐可以提供给有资格的学生。


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