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2023年12月18日发(作者:c中printf的头文件)

名词性从句基本用法及考点归纳

孝昌一中 郭小青

对名词性从句的考查是湖北卷完成句子试题很重要的一个部分,查看近几年的湖北高考完成句子都将名词性从句作为各种从句的必考点。如:

2007年湖北省高考题1:I haven’t the slightest idea (他正在说什么).(talk)

此题考查宾语从句、现在进行时和动词短语,答案是(of) what he’s talking about

2007年湖北省高考题2:The fact __(他失败了数次)makes him very upset (he, fail)

此题考查同位语从句和现在完成时,答案是that he has failed (for) several times

2007年湖北省高考题3: (他是否出过国)doesn’t make much difference.(he,

abroad)

此题考查主语从句和现在完成时,答案是Whether he has been abroad or not

2008年湖北省高考With the rapid development of science and technology,I can’t

imagine_____________ (我的家乡会是什么样子) in ten

years. ( what)

此题考宾语从句,答案是what my hometown will be/look like 注意用将来时且是陈述语序

2010年湖北高考The news______________ (房价将要下跌) has

caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.

此题考同位语从句,用 “that” 引导,“房价”译成 “housing price”, 答案是 “that the

housing price will fall”。

从中可看出,虽然对名词性从句的考查比重在下降,2007年有3道题涉及名词性从句的考查,而2008年,2009年只有一题,,但2010年还是再次考查了名词行从句中的同位语从句。可见,高中对名词性从句的把握还是很重要的。其命题规律:一般不给出连接词,增加题目难度;有时还会在期中穿插其他语法,比如说时态,语态,动词搭配等来增加试题难度。

当然,不管怎么考查,作为学生们首先得弄清楚名词性从句的其本用法。

名词性从句基本用法:

概念:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句在功能上相当于名词:

如:主语: His job is important. What he does is important.

表语: This is his is what he does every day.

宾语: I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day

同位语:I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.

I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.

一.主语从句:充当句子主语的从句

eg. That he will succeed is certain.

Whether he will go there is not known.

What he said is not he hid the money is to be found out .

Whoever comes is welcome.

1.从属连词that引导主从只起引导作用,本身无实际意义,在主从中不充当成分,但不可省。

从属连词whether引导主从有意义“是否”,在主从中不充当成分,但不可省(不可用if替换)。

连接副词where,when,why,how引导主从在句子中分别做地点状语,时间状语,原因状语和方式状语,后都应用陈述语序。

连接代词who,whoever引导主从且在从句中做主语,不可省。

连接代词what,which,whatever,whichever引导主从且在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语,定语等,不可省。

2.在下列句型中常用it做形式主语,that从句引导真正的主句从句。这也是把握的一个难点,得考学生下去记忆。

It’s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that… 很可能/重要的是……/必要的是……/很清楚……

It’s said / reported that… 据说/据报道……

It seems / appears / happens that… 似乎/好像/碰巧......

It’s been announced / declared that…已经通知/宣布……

It’s no wonder that… 并不奇怪/无疑……

It’s a pity / a fact / common knowledge (众所周知) that…

二.宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)

1.连词that, whether, if (that常可省略)

who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how(都不可省)

在宾语从句中的保留与省略

在主+谓+it (形式宾语) +宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略

We must make it clear that we mean what we say.

由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。

He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.

三.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分,一般放在系动词之后。 作用:对主语进行解释说明。

1.连接词that / whether / as if / as though (if不引导表语从句;that不可省)

连接代词who / whom / whose / which / what(做成分不可省)

连接副词when / where / why / how / because(做状语不可省)

四.同位语从句:在句中充当同位语成分,其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea; belief; fact;

truth; problem; news等)后面,对名词作进一步解释说明。

同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when / where / why / how / whether

eg. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect (视察) them.

注意:同位语从句的辨别

名词性从句考点归纳:

一、名词性从句的语序

(1) 名词性从句构成有两种

a. That + 陈述句 That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.

(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序,不能用一般疑问句语序。

如:他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How he was successful is still a puzzle.

你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?Could you tell me where he lives?

二、名词性从句连接词的选用

1. that 和what 的选用:

that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是,what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。

1. _what_ he wants is a book. 2. That he wants to go there is obvious.

3. The result is that we won the game. 4. This is what we want to know.

5. Is what he told us true? 6. We should pay attention to what the teacher is saying.

7. I have no doubt that he will come. 8. I have no idea what he did that afternoon.

r和if的选用:

不能使用if的情况a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 d. 介词后的宾语从句e.

whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. f. 与 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.

简而言之,if只能用于名词性从句中的宾语从句的一般情况(介词后的宾语从句,后面紧跟

不定时做动词宾语的宾语从句以及or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时都不用if)

3.其它连接代词和副词的使用

主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词,这些连接词既具有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。如:

我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。__when__ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don’t know _who___broke the glass yesterday.

我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea __what____he looks like.

这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _where__I left my glasses.

4.同位语从句的判断与辨别:

同位语从句的格式:n. + 连接词 + 从句

能接同位语从句的名词有:fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等

连接词通常是:that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where等来引导同位语从句

如:

1. I have no idea where he comes from.

2. He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

3. He gave us many suggestions that we should get up earlier and take more exercise.

4. I have no doubt that he will win. 5. I have some doubt whether he will win.

5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

定语从句是先行词的修饰语, 它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接

作用, 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分, 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。

同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明, 表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分, 只起连接作用, 无具体含义, 且不可省略。

(注意:名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should可省略 )

eg. He gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now.

6. it 做形式主语引导的主语从句和强调句型的区别:

it做形式主语,是用it来代替后面一个冗长的句子,这个冗长的句子才是真正的主语,例如:It is not certain whether he will come.可替换为:whether he will come is not certain。

而“ It is /was + 被强调部分 + who/ that + 其它部分”,此结构常译为“是……;……正是”。其特点是:去掉强调结构“ It is / was … who / that… ”或经过语序调整后,原句仍成立。如:

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

如果把 It was… that 去掉后,句意仍完整,不缺任何成分,即原句仍成立。

7.宾语从句的时态呼应:

1、 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。

a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。

He believes his dream will come true some day

b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。

Please tell me what you were doing at this time yesterday

2、 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。如:

他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me he was preparing for the examination

他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me he had been away from his hometown for ten years

老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。The teacher told us light travels in a straight line

8.在名词性从句中,我们还需特别注意以下问题:

reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that 引导。

1/The reason why_ we didn’t trust him was that he often lied.

2/ The reason that he gave for his absence was that he was ill.

用法汇总:

一、因为名词性从句引导词的词义辨析是高考的热点,因此我们首先要了解引导名词性从句的连接词的词义和在从句中的语法功能。

1. who“谁”,在从句中做主语。

2. whom“谁”,在从句中做宾语,但在口语中常用who代替whom.

3. whoever(=anyone who),它的意思是“凡是……的人; 谁……谁就”,它的宾格形式是whomever (但在口语中常用whoever 代替 whomever).

4. whose “谁的”,在从句中做定语.

5. what(=the +n. + 定语从句)“什么,所以的”;whatever(=anything+ 定语从句)“凡是……的物”。What 和whatever都可在从句中做主语、表语、宾语等。

6. which“哪一个;哪些”;whichever”无论哪一个都”。Which 和whichever都可在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

7. where “在哪儿”,在从句中做地点状语;when”什么时候”,在从句中做时间状语;how”多么”,在从句中做方式状语;why”为什么”在从句中做原因状语。

8. whether”是否”,在从句中不充当任何语法成分,引导及物动词的宾语从句时,可换成if, 引导介词的宾语从句或引导主语、表语、同位语从句时,只用whether.

9. that无汉语意思,在从句中也不充当任何语法成分,只起连接作用。

二.连接词其中一些用法区别

1. that引导定语从句要做成分,定从中做宾语时可以省。

that引导名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句)时,都不做成分,且本身无涵义。只有在宾语从句中可以省that.

2. whether和if都不可以引导定语从句.whether可以引导所有名词性从句,且在名词性从句中也不充当成分,但本身有“是否”涵义,在所有名词性从句中均不可以省。(if只能引导宾语从句,且当宾语从句中与or, or not或to do连用时也不可以用if,只能用whether)

3. what不可以引导定语从句,可以引导名词性从句,且在名词性从句中都要充当主语,宾语,表语,定语等成分,不可省。如:

what I want is a book.(主语从句)The problem is what I can do for you ? (表语从句)

We are worrying about what we should do next.(宾语从句)

Next comes the questions what step we should take.(同位语从句)

4. who“谁”,可以引导定语从句也可以引导名词性从句,并在所有从句中充当成分,只能在引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省,在其他情况下包括引导名词性从句时都不可以省。

5. which可引导 宾语/定语/表语/同位语从句, 并在这些从句中充当成分。只能在引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省,在其他情况下都不可以省。

6. when, where, why可以引导定语从句和名词性从句,并在从句中分别充当时间状语,地点状语原因状语,原因状语,方式状语,都不可以省。

7. how不可以引导定语从句,但是可以引导名词性从句,并在从句中充当方式状语,不可以省。

应试策略

总之,在从句中缺什么我们就可以用相应的连接词来做。当然,我们得记清楚5种其本句型:

1.S+Vi (主语+不及物动词) run quickly.

2.S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语) eg He is old.. The story sounds interesting.

3.S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾) eg. I like him. He saw a film yesterday.

4.S+vt+O1+O2(主+谓+双宾) eg. He gave me a book.

5.S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) eg. He made the girl angry. I saw him angry.

如:在名词型从句中,如果不做成分,且不需添加意思,用that;

如不做成分,而要表达“是否”的意思,如不是宾语从句特殊情况,可用if/whether, 其他

情况都用whether.如缺状语,我们就用相应的when, where, why,how来做题。。。。。。我们可以拿下面5个试题做例子:

1. 重要的是你做什么,而不是说什么

The important thing is what you do, not what you say.(what做表语从句中do和say的宾语)

2. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。

When and where he was born has not been found. ( he was born完整的句子只能添加状语)

3. 那个人何时被谋杀,为什么被谋杀尚不知道。

When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.(the person was murdered完整的句子,只能添加状语)

4. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。

The problem is what he has done to the little boy.(what做表语从句中done的宾语)

5. 我们相信他已经挣了足够的钱来盖所房子。

We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.(he had earned enough

money to build a house是一个完整的的句子,不缺成分,也不用添加词义,用that)

总之希望学生们能够通过了解名词性从句其本用法及其高考考点来正确做题,学会分析选用正确的连接词,当然对其他语法知识的把握也是必不可少的,比如说时态、语态等等,因为它们喜欢穿插在名词性从句中考查。


本文标签: 引导 名词 宾语 主语 同位语