句子简化(9-16)

句子简化（9-16）

in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices

change the meaning in important ways to leave out essential

information.

○Because this region has been settled the longest, it also

displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.

○Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the

Americas has been settled longer than any other region.

○The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American

languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends

strength to Fradmark's hypothesis ○According to Fladmark,

Native American languages have survived the longest along the

west coast of the Americas.

the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices

change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential

information

○The practice of being reflective is no longer simply a habit

among teachers but something that is externally motivated

○Most teachers need to explore ways to form the habit of

reflection even when no external motivation exists

○Many aspects of the motivation to reflect have not been

studied, including the comparative benefits of externally

motivated and habitual reflection among teachers

○There has not been enough exploration of why teachers

practice reflection as a habit with or without external motivation

in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices

change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential

information.

○Some of the earliest important examples of symbiosis-the

close cooperation of two or more living things-occur in island

communities.

○Symbiosis-the close cooperation of pairs or small groups of

living

organisms-is

environments.

○The first organisms on these islands worked together

closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly

important on islands.

○It is significant to note that organisms in the beginning

stages of the development of island life cannot survive without

close cooperation.

information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave

out essential information.

○ While stonewares and porcelains are found throughout

most historical periods, religious sculpture is limited to the

ancient period.

○ Religious sculpture was created in most periods, but its

history is less clear than that of stonewares or

porcelains because some old forms continued to be used

even when new ones were developed.

○ While stonewares and porcelains changed throughout

history, religious sculpture remained uniform in form and use.

○ The historical development of religious sculpture is

relatively unclear because religious sculptures sometimes

especially important in these island

resemble earthenware architectural ornaments.

information in in the passage? Incorrect choices ○Because

physical and chemical properties of substances are unchanging,

they are useful records of climate fluctuations over time.

○For hundreds or thousands of years, people have been

observing changes in the chemical and physical properties of

substances in order to infer climate change.

○ Because it takes long periods of time for the climate to

change, systematic changes in the properties of substances are

difficult to observe.

○Changes in systematically deposited substances that are

affected by climate can indicate climate variations over time.

3. Which of best expresses the essential

information in the passage? Incorrect choices ○Experiments

revealed that caged starlings displayed a lack of directional sense

and restless movements.

○Experiments revealed that caged starlings were unable to

orient themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route.

○Experiments revealed that the restless movement of caged

starlings had no clear direction.

○Experiments revealed that caged starlings' orientation was

accurate

4. Which of best expresses the essential

information in in the passage? Incorrect choices ○Right-

handed artists could more easily have avoided casting shadows

on their work, because engravings in prehistoric caves were lit

from the left.

○The tips of engraving tools and brushes indicate that these

instruments were used by right-handed artists whose work was

lit from the left.

○ The best lighting for most engravings suggests that they

were made by right-handed people trying to avoid the shadow

of their hands interfering with their work.

○Right-handed artists try to avoid having the brush they are

using interfere with the light source.

information in the passage? Incorrect choices

○It was difficult for some critics in the 1920s to imagine why

the idea of sound film had faded from sight well before the First

World War.

○As surprising as it seems today, some critics in the 1920s

believed that the new attempts at sound films would fade just as

quickly as the attempts made before the First World War.

○Though some early critics thought that sound film would

fade, its popularity during the First World War proved that it was

not simply a technical novelty.

○Although some critics predicted well before the First World

War that sound film would be an important technical innovation,

it was not attempted until the 1920s.

8. Which best expresses the essential

information in the passage? Incorrect choices ○Sociologists

think that cultural patterns establish connections between the

individual and the larger society.

○Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness

bridge the gap between society and primary groups.

○ Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social

solidarity because they help maintain a society's cultural patterns.

○Sociologists believe that the cultural patterns that provide

social solidarity arise as bridges from primary groups.

5. Which best expresses the essential

information in in the passage? Incorrect choices ○Stability, a

feature of the biological clock's period, depends on changeable

factors such as temperature.

○A major feature of the biological clock is that its period does

not change despite significant changes in the environment.

○A factor such as temperature is an important feature in the

establishment of the biological clock's period.

○Biological activity is not strongly affected by changes in

temperature.

6. Which best expresses the essential

information in the in the passage? Incorrect choices

○Researchers using observational assessment techniques on

infants must not overgeneralize and must base their conclusions

on data from many studies.

○On the basis of the data from one or two studies, it seems

that some infants develop a particular perceptual ability not

observed in others.

○To use data from one or two studies on infant's perceptual

abilities, it is necessary to use techniques that will provide

conclusive evidence.

○When researchers fail to make generalizations from their

studies, their observed data is often inconclusive.

in the in the passage? Incorrect choices change the ○Rational

appeals in advertising are certainly limited by children's

emotional immaturity and the indirect nature of their

associations.

○Indirect appeals to children's psychological states or

associations can limit the effectiveness of rational appeals in

advertising.

○Rational appeals play a much smaller role in advertisements

for children than emotional appeals and psychological

associations do.

○Rational appeals in advertising aimed at children should

certainly be limited until the children are emotionally and

psychologically ready.

in the in the passage? Incorrect choices change the

meaning in important ways or leave out essential

information.

○Southern Maya populations obtained the water they

needed for the dry season by collecting and storing rainwater in

sealed depressions.

○The Maya are credited with creating methods for modifying

natural rainwater and storing it.

○Leaks in the karst caused difficulties in the creation of

reservoirs, which were needed to store water for the dry season.

○Southern Mayans were more successful at collecting rain

than storing it

in the in the passage? Incorrect choices change the ○Despite

the fact that wealth is relatively evenly distributed in pastoral

societies, gender inequality still exists because only men can

acquire military skills and social status.

○Inequalities of gender existed in pastoralist societies until

most communities began to require women to possess the same

skills as men and take part in the military.

○Inequalities of gender in pastoralist societies were caused

by steep hierarchies of wealth and differences in military training

between men and women.

○In pastoral societies, gender inequality is comparatively

mild because wealth is relatively evenly distributed and women

have to learn most of the same skills that men do.

in the in the passage? Incorrect choices change the ○In a

turtle's countercurrent exchange system, outgoing vessels lie

near enough to ingoing ones that heat can be exchanged from

the former to the latter before reaching the turtle's flippers.

○Within the turtle's flippers, there is a countercurrent

exchange system that allows colder blood vessels to absorb heat

from nearby warmer blood

vessels and then return warmed blood to the turtle's body.

○In a countercurrent exchange system, a turtle can pick up

body heat from being close enough to other turtles, thus raising

its blood temperature as it passes them.

○When a turtle places its flippers close to its body, it is able

to use its countercurrent exchange system to transfer heat from

the warmer blood vessels

in the in the passage? Incorrect choices change the ○Based

on their studies of extinction rates of numerous fossil groups,

paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski have determined

that mass extinctions occur about every 26 million years.

○David Raup and John Sepkoski studied extinction rates of

numerous fossil groups and suggest that mass extinctions during

the Cretaceous period continued for 26 million years.

○Studies that paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski

conducted of various fossil groups have revealed that extinction

rates have increased over the past 26 million years.

○The studies conducted by paleontologists David Raup and

John Sepkoski of the fossil remains of species suggest that the

extinction rate of species started to increase by the middle of the

Cretaceous period.

icy covering.

11. Which best expresses the essential

information in in the passage? Incorrect choices ○As a glacier

moves, it leaves behind rock formations that have been engulfed,

pushed, and dragged by the glacier.

○Glaciers reshape the landscape by carving into rock and

transporting the resulting debris to distant locations.

○Glaciers carve the hardest rock formations with great

energy and slowly reshape them into debris.

○The tremendous energy of slowly moving glaciers

transports and finally deposits rock debris into large rock

formations.

8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential

information

in the highlighted sentence the passage? Incorrect choices

change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential

information.

○Tribes people were comfortable forming personal

relationships with merchants, who, like them, were bound by

their promises to one another.

○Because trade was not formally regulated, merchants were

careful about whom they trusted and often conducted business

with people they knew personally.

○While trade among merchants relied somewhat on

regulation, among tribes people trade was based on personal

relationships and careful character evaluation.

○Because tribes people were bound only by their promises

to one another, personal relationships were formed only after

careful weighing of character.

in the in the passage? Incorrect choices change the ○Ramsay

found evidence of helium in the spectrum of sunlight before he

discovered that the element was also contained in natural gas

deposits on Earth.

○Ramsay thought he had discovered a new element present

in natural gas deposits, but he was wrong since that element had

been previously observed elsewhere on Earth.

○After Ramsay had discovered a new element, called helium,

in natural gas deposits on Earth, he also found evidence of its

presence in the Sun.

○Ramsay later discovered that helium, an element that was

already known to be present in the Sun, was also present in

natural gas deposits on Earth CCCBD

DCB

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