oracle 12 在oracle Linux 7上的安装

Oracle 12c 在OEL7.1上的安装

实施文档

日 期：2015年9月2日

目 录

一、 介质说明 ............................................................................................................................................................ 1

二、 准备工作 ............................................................................................................................................................ 2

2.1

VMWARE

WORKSTATION

PRO

12.0.0 FOR

WINDOWS

安装 .................................................................................................. 2

2.2

ORACLELINUX-R7-U1-SERVER-X86_64

系统安装 ............................................................................................................ 2

2.2.1 创建OEL7.1虚拟机 ........................................................................................................................................... 2

2.2.2 OEL7.1系统安装 ............................................................................................................................................... 11

三、 安装ORACLE 12C ............................................................................................................................................... 23

3.1

基础配置 ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

3.2

配置本地YUM包源 ................................................................................................................................................. 24

3.3

安装软件包 ............................................................................................................................................................. 25

3.4

创建用户和组 ......................................................................................................................................................... 27

3.5

内核参数调整 ......................................................................................................................................................... 27

3.5.1 标准 .................................................................................................................................................................. 27

3.5.2 实际查询值 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28

3.5.3 修改下面文件即可 .......................................................................................................................................... 29

3.6

参数生效 ................................................................................................................................................................. 30

3.7

软件用户资源限制.................................................................................................................................................. 30

3.7.1 联机文档要求 .................................................................................................................................................. 30

3.7.2 实际配置 .......................................................................................................................................................... 30

3.8

修改安装目录权限.................................................................................................................................................. 32

3.9

修改ORACLE环境变量 ............................................................................................................................................. 32

3.10

数据库软件安装.................................................................................................................................................... 32

3.10.1 解压下载的文件 ............................................................................................................................................ 32

3.10.2 安装步骤 ........................................................................................................................................................ 33

3.11

创建数据库 ........................................................................................................................................................... 41

3.11.1 安装监听 ........................................................................................................................................................ 41

3.11.2 安装数据库 .................................................................................................................................................... 44

四、 ORACLE 12C新特性介绍 ................................................................................................................................... 54

a

一、 介质说明

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 for

Linux x86-64 oracle 12c 数据库软件

下载地址：/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/

OracleLinux-R7-U1-Server-x86_ oracle linux 操作系统

下载地址：

/osdc/faces/?_afrLoop=38522&_afrWindowMode=0&_-state=1br89kn0pd_4

VMware Workstation Pro 12.0.0 for Windows 虚拟机软件

下载地址：

/cn/web/vmware/info/slug/desktop_end_user_computing/vmware_workstation_pro/12_0

oracle12cr1 online document oracle12c联机文件

下载地址：/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/documentation/

1

二、 准备工作

2.1 VMware Workstation Pro 12.0.0 for Windows 安装

标准下一步下一步即可，不做过多讲解。

2.2 OracleLinux-R7-U1-Server-x86_64 系统安装

本系统采用虚拟化软件进行搭建和部署

2.2.1 创建OEL7.1虚拟机

打开虚拟化软件，如下图图标：

界面如下：

Ctrl+N打开创建虚拟机配置界面，选择自定义配置，选择下一步。如下图：

2

选择虚拟化软件的兼容性功能，默认下一步即可。

选择要安装操作系统的镜像，如下图：

3

虚拟机命名和安放位置选择，如下图：

配置虚拟机CPU核心数为4个，可以按照实际进行配置。如下图：

4

配置内存，按照联机文档中对内存的要求，这里配置内存为2G，如下图：

5

选择虚拟机网络配置模式为本地模式，如下

本地模式网络地址段如下：

6

硬盘配置器模式选择，默认即可。

虚拟磁盘类型选择默认即可：

7

创建磁盘，按照联机文档要求，这里配置磁盘大小为15G，如 下图：

8

命名硬盘文件名称，默认如下：

配置完成，点击finish即可。

9

稍等片刻，正在创建。

配置完成后如下：

10

2.2.2 OEL7.1系统安装

虚拟机加电，点击第一项安装，如下图：

11

弹出确认界面，回车即可。

选择语言，默认英语即可。

12

配置时区，分区等信息，如下图：

13

时区配置如下

分区选择自定义，如下图：

14

选择分区类型，为标准即可。

点击左下角加号进行分区，创建引导分区500M，交换分区4G，/剩下所有大小。注意分区格式为EXT4如下图：

15

弹出分区确认信息，单击接受即可。

配置网络和主机名

16

配置总结，进行安装即可。如下图

17

设置root 用户密码，如下图

重启后默认启动是UEK内核，这个内核在虚拟机中无法使用，采用正常的内核方可启动。

18

重启后接受许可，点击确定。如下图：

不启用自动更新软件，如下图：

19

系统初始化，如下图：

20

创建用户：

地区选择：

21

点击完成即可。

22

三、 安装oracle 12c

3.1 基础配置

查看系统中启动的服务

[root@oracle12c selinux]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled

关闭selinux

[root@oracle12c selinux]# vi config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

[root@oracle12c selinux]# pwd

/etc/selinux

关闭防火墙

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status firewalld

e - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/e; enabled)

Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2015-08-31 17:40:13 CST; 4min 54s ago

Process: 794 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS

status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 794 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Aug 31 16:14:19 oracle12c systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:40:12 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic

Aug 31 17:40:13 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:42:08 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status firewalld

e - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/e; enabled)

Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2015-08-31 17:40:13 CST; 5min ago

Process: 794 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS

status=0/SUCCESS)

23

(code=exited,

(code=exited,

Main PID: 794 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Aug 31 16:14:19 oracle12c systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:40:12 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic

Aug 31 17:40:13 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:42:08 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:45:29 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

rm '/etc/systemd/system/e'

rm '/etc/systemd/system//e'

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status firewalld

e - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/e; disabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

Aug 31 16:14:11 oracle12c systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic

Aug 31 16:14:19 oracle12c systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:40:12 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic

Aug 31 17:40:13 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:42:08 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

Aug 31 17:45:29 oracle12c systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

停止NTP服务

[root@oracle12c ~]# systemctl status ntpd

e - Network Time Service

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/e; disabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

3.2 配置本地yum包源

1、插入光盘

2、mkdir /media/disk

3、mount –o loop /dev/cdrom /media/disk

4、cd /etc/.d

文件位置/etc/.d/，后缀一定是.repo结束.为了使用自己搭建的yum源我这里删除了自带的（rm –f ./*）

编辑自己的repo文件

[root@.d]#vim (repo后缀)

[local_server](库名称)

name=Thisis a local repo （名称描述）

baseurl=file:///media/disk(yum源目录，源地址)

enabled=1（是否启用该yum源，0为禁用）

gpgcheck=0 （检查GPG-KEY，0为不检查，1为检查）

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6（gpgcheck=0时无需配置）

保存退出！

24

5、测试YUM安装源

[root@node1 ~]#yum list

6、检查安装oracle所需要的包，

Yum install binutils*

#yum clean all ‘清除yum缓存

#yum makecache ‘缓存本地yum源中的软件包信息

#yum install 软件包名称 （如：yum install httpd）

3.3 安装软件包

按照联机文档要求，需要安装如下软件包：

没有安装的包如下：

7.i686 OK

25

7.i686 OK

ksh

7.i686 OK

7.i686 OK

7.x86_64 OK

7.i686 OK

libstdc++-7.i686 OK

libstdc++-7.i686 OK

7.i686 OK

7.i686 OK

[root@oracle12c ~]# yum install libstdc++*.i686

Loaded plugins: langpacks

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libstdc++.i686 0:7 will be installed

---> Package libstdc++-devel.i686 0:7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version

Repository Size

====================================================================================================================================

Installing:

libstdc++ i686 7

local_server 307 k

libstdc++-devel i686 7

local_server 1.5 M

Transaction Summary

====================================================================================================================================

Install 2 Packages

Total download size: 1.8 M

Installed size: 8.8 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total

28 MB/s | 1.8 MB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

26

Installing : libstdc++-7.i686

1/2

Installing : libstdc++-7.i686

2/2

Verifying : libstdc++-7.i686

1/2

Verifying : libstdc++-7.i686

2/2

Installed:

libstdc++.i686 0:7 libstdc++-devel.i686 0:7

Complete!

3.4 创建用户和组

[root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd dba

[root@oracle12c ~]# groupadd oper

[root@oracle12c ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

[root@oracle12c ~]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3.5 内核参数调整

3.5.1 标准

semmsl

semmns

semopm

semmni

shmall

/proc/sys/kernel/sem

250

32000

100

128

/proc/sys/kernel/shmall

40 percent of the size of

physical memory in pages

Note: If the server supports

multiple databases, or uses a large

SGA, then set this parameter to a

value that is equal to the total

amount of shared memory, in 4K

pages, that the system can use at

27

one time

shmmax

/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax

Half the size of physical

memory in bytes

See My Oracle Support Note

567506.1 for additional

information about configuring

shmmax.

shmmni

/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni

4096

panic_on_oops

/proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops

1

/proc/sys/fs/file-max

file-max

6815744

ip_local_port_range

/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range

Minimum: 9000

Maximum: 65500

See the "Setting UDP and TCP

Kernel Parameters Manually"

section in Oracle Database

Installation Guide for Linux

rmem_default

/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default

262144

rmem_max

/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max

4194304

wmem_default

/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default

262144

wmem_max

/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

1048576

aio-max-nr

/proc/sys/fs

1048576

Note: This value limits concurrent

outstanding requests and should

be set to avoid I/O subsystem

failures.

注意：官方最小值

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem

semmsl,

semmns,

semopm, and

semmni

This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the

order listed.

shmall,

shmmax, and

shmmni

file-max

ip_local_port_range

rmem_default

rmem_max

wmem_default

wmem_max

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

3.5.2 实际查询值

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem

250 32000 32 128

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall

28

268435456

[root@oracle12c ~]# clear

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax

4294967295

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni

4096

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops

1

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max

200389

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range

32768 61000

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default

212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max

212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default

212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

212992

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr

1048576

3.5.3 修改下面文件即可

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /etc/

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.

# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/.conf file

#

# For more information, see (5) and sysctl.d(5).

-max-nr = 1048576

-max = 6815744

= 2097152

= 4096

= 250 32000 100 128

_local_port_range = 9000 65500

_default = 262144

_max = 4194304

_default = 262144

_max = 1048586

29

3.6 参数生效

[root@oracle12c ~]# sysctl -p

-max-nr = 1048576

-max = 6815744

= 2097152

= 4096

= 250 32000 100 128

_local_port_range = 9000 65500

_default = 262144

_max = 4194304

_default = 262144

_max = 1048586

3.7 软件用户资源限制

3.7.1 联机文档要求

3.7.2 实际配置

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /etc/security/

# /etc/security/

#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.

#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.

#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,

#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this

#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.

30

#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here

#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the

#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only

#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.

#

#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:

#

#

#Where:

# can be:

# - a user name

# - a group name, with @group syntax

# - the wildcard *, for default entry

# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,

# for maxlogin limit

#

# can have the two values:

# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits

# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits

# can be one of the following:

# - core - limits the core file size (KB)

# - data - max data size (KB)

# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)

# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)

# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors

# - rss - max resident set size (KB)

# - stack - max stack size (KB)

# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)

# - nproc - max number of processes

# - as - address space limit (KB)

# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user

# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system

# - priority - the priority to run user process with

# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold

# - sigpending - max number of pending signals

# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)

# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]

# - rtprio - max realtime priority

#

#

#

#* soft core 0

#* hard rss 10000

#@student hard nproc 20

31

#@faculty soft nproc 20

#@faculty hard nproc 50

#ftp hard nproc 0

#@student - maxlogins 4

# End of file

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

[root@oracle12c ~]#

3.8 修改安装目录权限

[root@oracle12c ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/oracle

[root@oracle12c ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/oracle/

3.9 修改oracle环境变量

[oracle@oracle12c ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

umask 022

ORACLE_SID=bril

ORACLE_BASE=/u01

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME PATH LD_ASSUME_KERNEL LD_LIBRARY_PATH

[oracle@oracle12c ~]$

3.10 数据库软件安装

3.10.1 解压下载的文件

32

[root@oracle12c ~]# ls -l *.zip

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1673544724 Sep 1 16:10 linuxamd64_12102_database_

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1014530602 Sep 1 16:10 linuxamd64_12102_database_

[root@oracle12c ~]#unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_

[root@oracle12c ~]#unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_

[root@oracle12c ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/

[root@oracle12c ~]# ls -l

total 8

-rw-------. 1 root root 1678 Aug 31 15:13

drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall 110 Jul 7 2014 database

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 31 Aug 31 16:13 Desktop

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Documents

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Downloads

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1726 Aug 31 15:21

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Music

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Pictures

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Public

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Templates

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug 31 15:32 Videos

3.10.2 安装步骤

切换到oracle用户下执行：

[oracle@oracle12c database]$ ./runInstaller

报错解决方法，添加主机名和ip对应关系

[root@oracle12c ~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost omain localhost4 omain4

::1 localhost omain localhost6 omain6

192.168.70.2 oracle12c

33

去掉oracle 支持。点击下一步。

选择只安装数据库软件：

选择单实例安装：

34

语言默认即可：

安装企业版，默认即可

35

选择安装目录，这一步在环境变量中设置一致即可。

安装用户所属的组

36

默认选择组即可：

验证报错，忽略即可。

37

安装汇总，点击安装即可：

38

执行如下脚本：

39

执行结果：

[root@oracle12c ~]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory/

[root@oracle12c oraInventory]# ./

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@oracle12c oraInventory]# cd ..

[root@oracle12c app]# cd oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/

[root@oracle12c dbhome_1]# ./

Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

40

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

安装完成如下图：

3.11 创建数据库

3.11.1 安装监听

[oracle@oracle12c bin]$ ./netca

41

点击下一步，添加即可

命名默认即可：

42

协议选择TCP：

端口默认1521即可：

43

不创建其他，点击下一步完成即可

3.11.2 安装数据库

[oracle@oracle12c bin]$ ./dbca

44

选择高级模式进行安装：

数据库类型选择默认：

45

填写数据库SID，和勾选容器数据库，并创建一个PDB：

EM配置，默认即可

46

设置统一密码：

监听配置，前面已经完成。

47