初中英语常用固定搭配及介词用法归纳总结

初中英语常用固定搭配及介词用法归纳总结

agree with

①同意；赞同：I quite agree with him on the sports. 我非常同意他在运动方面的观点。

②与…相符；与…一致：His words do not agree with his actions. 他言行不一致。

③[常用于否定句] (食物等) 适合：Too much meat doesn’t agree with her. 她不宜吃太多肉。

hold on

①抓着…不放；坚持：She held on to me tightly. 她紧紧地抓住我。

I will hold on to my dream and never give it up.

我要坚持自己的梦想，永不放弃。

② [电话用语] 别挂断；等一下：Can you hold on? I’ll see if the manager’s in the office.

先别挂电话行吗？我去看看经理在不在办公室。

make up

①[不用于进行时] 组成；构成：In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words

used in daily conversations. 在一些语言中，100个词就构成了一半的日常会话用语。

②编写；编造：At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. 在第一次会议上，你要编写出一个规章手册。

③为…化妆：They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play. 在演这出戏的最后一幕时，他们把他打扮成一个老头。

pick up

①拿起；拾起：The phone rang and I picked it up. 电话响了，我接了起来。

I picked up the rubbish and threw it into the trash can. 我把垃圾拾起来，扔进垃圾桶。

②(车辆等) 中途搭 (人)；中途带 (货)：I’ve got to pick up my daughter from school at

four o’clock. 我四点钟得去学校接女儿。

③营救；救起：Twenty men fell into the water and were picked up by other boats. 二十人落水后，被其他船只救起。

④(偶然地、无意地) 得到；学会 (语言)；买到：She picked up Japanese when she was in

Japan. Now she can speak it freely.她在日本时学会了日语，现在她日语讲得很流利。

We managed to pick up a few bargains in the market. 我们从市场上买到了几件便宜货。

⑤接收到：We were able to pick up the BBC World Service. 我们能收听到英国广播公司的国际广播节目。

⑥重提 (话题)；恢复 (健康等)：He picks up this theme again in later chapters of the

book. 在该书的后几章，他又重回到这个主题上。

take up

开始 (从事)；占用

Rogers took up painting for a while, but soon lost interest. 罗杰斯学了一段时间的绘画，但很快便失去了兴趣。

Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day. 开会和接电话占用了一天中的大部分时间。

turn out

①制造；生产；培养出：The factory turns out 900 cars a week. 这家工厂一周生产九百辆汽车。

②原来 (是)；证明 (是)；结果 (是)：Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice

that day. 出乎意料的是，那天天气特别好。

It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack. 原来他的兄弟死于心脏病。

work out

①算出；总共达：I’m just trying to work out how much I spend each month. 我正在尽力算出我每月的开销。

②解决；把…弄清楚：To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted

Professor Russell several times. 为了解出这道数学难题，我已经请教拉塞尔教授好几次了。

③制定 (出)：Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep

you active. 训练有素的体育老师能帮你制定一套训练计划，使你保持活力。

④产生结果；被证明有效：Everything worked out OK in the end. 事情的结果还不错。

I want to follow David’s example but it never worked out for me. 我想效仿大卫的做法，但这对我没有效果。

⑤锻炼；训练：I go to the sports club and work out once a week. 我一周去一次体育馆锻炼。

get through

到达；通过；打通：

She got through the examination. 她通过了考试。

Focusing on that goal helps me get through tough times. 专注于那一目标帮我熬过了艰难时期。

I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t get through. 我试过打她办公室电话，但没打通。

make out

①勉强看见；听见：I could barely make out the stage in the darkness. 黑暗中我几乎看不见舞台。

I could hear voices but I couldn’t make out what manage they were saying.我能听到说话的声音，但听不清他们在说什么。

②理解；弄清：His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out what he is trying

to express. 他的笔迹模糊不清，很难弄清他到底想表达什么。

③写出；开列：She was making out a list of people to invite. 她正在写一份邀请名单。

put up

①举起；抬起；提高：

Put up your hands if you have any questions.如果有问题请举手。

②公布；张贴 (布告、相片等)：Posters were put up around our school, calling upon us

to join in the actions for a greener earth. 校园中到处张贴着海报，号召我们加入到让地球更环保的行动中去。

③建造 (房屋等)；搭建：They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. 最近他们盖起了很多高楼大厦。

④留宿；住宿：I was hoping Kenny could put me up for a few days. 我希望肯尼能让我留宿几天。

set down

记下；放下：

I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。

turn over

①翻身；(使) 翻转；翻过 (书页):He did not fall asleep, turning over in bed from time to

time. 他没睡着，在床上时不时地翻身。

Don’t turn over the page yet. 先别把这页翻过去。

②移交：He turned over the work to the secretary. 他把工作移交给了秘书。

break down

①(机器等) 出故障；(身体等) 垮掉；(情感等) 失控：

On my way to the station my car broke down. 去车站的路上，我的车坏了。

Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

她的身体在工作压力下垮掉了。

He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his newspapers.

想到没卖掉所有的报纸，他禁不住哭了起来。

②(谈判等) 失败：Talks between the two sides have broken down. 双方的谈判破裂了。

③把…分若干部分 (以方便做或理解)：Each lesson is broken down into several units.

每一课都分成几部分。

look down upon

轻视；看不起：

Never look down on people less superior than you. 不要轻视不如你的人。

look up to

尊敬；仰视：

I look up to him because he’s a real artist. 我尊敬他，因为他是个真正的艺术家。

die down

逐渐变弱；逐渐降低

When the applause had died down, she began her speech. 掌声渐渐消失时，她开始讲话。

The wind has died down a bit. 风小了一点。

get over

越过；克服 ；恢复过来：

I don’t know how we are going to get over these difficulties. 我不知道我们怎样才能克服这些困难。

We are certain that he will get over his illness. 我们相信他一定会战胜疾病。

go by

走过；流逝；过去

Everything will get easier as time goes by. 随着时间的推移，一切都会好起来的。

go over

从一处到 (另一处)；温习：

We went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower. 我们到卖花的人身边，问她我们能不能买朵花。

Let us go over your answer again. 让我们再检查一下你的答案。

I’ve got to go over my notes for tomorrow’s exam. 我必须复习笔记准备明天的考试。

look into

调查：

The police are looking into the disappearance of two children. 警方正在调查两个孩子失踪的事件。

put down

①放下：Once I started reading the mystery novel, I just couldn’t put it down. 一旦我开始读那本悬疑小说，就再也放不下了。

②写下；记下：Please put down your name and address here. 请把您的姓名和地址写在这儿。

run away from

逃走；躲避

The thief heard the noise and ran away quickly. 小偷听到声音，匆忙逃走了。

It’s irresponsible of you to run away from difficulties. 见了困难就躲是不负责的。

take in

①吸入；收留：

Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 树木吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。

He was homeless, so we took him in.

他无家可归，于是我们收留了他。

②理解：It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。

③欺骗：She took me in completely with her story. 她用一番花言巧语完全把我骗住了。

wear out

①穿破；磨损：I’ve already worn out two pairs of shoes this year. 今年我已经穿破两双鞋了。

②(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽；(使) 厌倦：These birds are in danger of wearing themselves

out by singing too much. 这些鸟因过度鸣叫面临着累坏自己的危险。

break up

①(使) 破碎：The water was covered with ice, which couldsometimes break up without

warning. 水面上覆盖着冰，这些冰有时会突然破碎。

②(使) (关系等) 破裂：I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up. 听到苏和保罗分手了我很惊讶。

They decided to break up their partnership. 他们决定结束合作关系。

③分解；分拆：break the company up into several smaller ones 把公司分拆成几家小公司

④驱散；解散：The police came running and broke up the crowd. 警察跑过来把人群驱散了。

bring about

引起；造成：

Science has brought about many changes in our lives. 科学给我们的生活带来了诸多变化。

bring up

①[常用于被动语态] 抚养；养育；教养：His father died when he was young, and he was

brought up by his mother.在他年幼时父亲就去世了，他是由母亲抚养长大的。

②提出 (讨论等)：Every time I bring the matter up, he changes the subject. 每当我提起这件事，他就会转移话题。

build up

He has built (up) his business over the years. 这些年来他逐步建立起了自己的生意。

Outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my school

life. 户外活动确实对我增强体质和丰富学校生活有益。

carry out

实行；执行：

I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan. 实施这个计划我有些困难。

They just carried out the order as told. 他们只是按命令行事。

come across

①偶然遇到；碰见：When reading articles related to science, we often come across

difficult or unfamiliar words. 读与科学相关的文章时，我们常常碰到难词或生词。

②被理解：He spoke for a long time, but his meaning did not come across. 他讲了很久，但还是没有把意思讲明白。

come up with

想出；提出；提供：

Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. 我们班的同学提出了这一想法，以更好利用废旧材料。

They want to buy the house, but they couldn’t come up with the cash. 他们想买房，但是拿不出这笔现金。

figure out

弄清楚；弄明白；计算出：

I couldn’t figure out what I had done to annoy my boss. 我不明白自己做了什么让老板生气。

Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? 旅行要花多少费用你算出来没有？

get down to

开始做；开始认真对待：

It’s time we got down to business. 我们该开始干正事了。

give away

①送掉；分发 (奖品等)：The Students’ Union called on us to give away our used books

to the students in the lower grades.学生会号召我们把用过的书送给低年级的学生。

②泄露 (秘密)；出卖：I will never give your secrets away again. 我绝不会再泄露你的秘密。

His accent gives him away as a southerner.他的口音让人听出他是南方人。

③放弃 (机会等)；输掉：Would they give away their chance to win the game? 他们会放弃赢得比赛的机会吗？

We gave away two goals in the first half.上半场我们输了两个球。

give up

放弃；让：

She decided to give up her job and start a coffee bar. 她决定辞去工作，开一家咖啡馆。

He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman. 他把座位让给了一位孕妇。

lead to

致使；导致

A lack of confidence can lead to a lot of suffering. 缺乏自信会导致很多痛苦。

Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones bring the opposite. 好习

惯总是会带来高效率，而坏习惯则相反。

leave out

①遗漏；不包括：If you study in a systematic way, you won’t leave anything out. 如果你用系统的方法来学习，你就不会遗漏任何东西。

②被忽视；觉得被冷落：New fathers often feel left out when baby arrives. 有了孩子后，初为人父者往往有一种被冷落的感觉。

live up to

不辜负；符合；履行：

He failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 他辜负了父母的期望。

look up

抬头看；查阅：

She looked up from her books as I entered the room. 我进入房间时，她从书本上抬起头来看了看。

If there are words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary. 如果有不懂的单词就查字典。

put away

①把…收起；放好：Kids — will you put away your toys now?孩子们，现在把玩具收起来好吗？

②储存…备用：We’re putting some money away for expenses.我们省下一笔钱来应付开

销。

put forward

把…提前；提出：

We have put forward the wedding by two weeks. 我们把婚礼提前了两周。

Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出了黑洞理论？

put off

延期；推迟：

She called this afternoon to put off the meeting to next week. 她下午打电话说把会议推迟到下周。

put up with

忍受；容忍：

I can’t put up with their smoking any longer.我再也无法忍受他们抽烟了。

I can put up with many things, but not with people who steal. 我能容忍很多事情，但绝不容忍小偷小摸的人。

run out (of)

用完；耗尽：

In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural

resources run out. 在未来，爱护环境将会很重要，因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。

set aside

留出；把…置于一旁：

Set aside some time each day to write, even if it is only five minutes. 每天留出一点儿时间来写作，哪怕只有5分钟。

take on

呈现；雇用；接受 ；承担 ：

Shortly after suffering from a large earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city

took on a new look. 在遭受大地震成为废墟后不久，这座城市呈现出新面貌。

No more workers are being taken on at present. 眼下不再招收工人。

His secretary will have to take on most of his work while he’s gone. 他的秘书得在他不在的时候承担他的大部分工作。

turn down

①关小；调低 (音量等)：Could you please turn down your TV a bit? 你可以把电视音量关小一点儿吗?

②拒绝：How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of

work for months? 你已经好几个月没有工作了，怎么能拒绝这么好的一份工作呢？

turn to

转向；求助于：

Their talk turned to the change that had taken place in the city. 他们的话题转到了城市发生的变化。

Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble. 遇到困难时请向警察求助。

turn up

①开大；调高 (音量等) ：Turn up the radio so that I can hear the program. 把收音机音量开大些，好让我听到这个节目。

②(人) 到达；出现：He promised that he would come, but he hasn’t turned up yet.他承诺会来，但还没出现。

bring on

①使提高；使进步：More study should bring on your English. 努力学习会提高你的英语水平。

②引起；导致：Stress can bring on illness. 压力会引起疾病。

call for

①需要；要求：Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we

don’t feel that way. 有时形势要求我们表现得强大、勇敢，即使我们自己并不觉得是那样。

②去 (某处) 接人 / 物：I’ll call for you at your home. 我会到你家接你。

call up

打电话给；使人想起：

I’ll call you up when I need your help. 我需要你帮助的时候会给你打电话。

This picture called up memories of our class trip. 这张照片使我想起我们班的那次旅行。

come down to

归结为；传到…手里：

Their quarrel comes down to money. 他们吵架说到底是因为钱。

The custom has come down to us from our old generations.这个习俗是从祖辈传下来的。

come off

①(从…) 离开：People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of

relaxation.人们度过了繁忙的春夏，有了片刻的清闲。

② 脱落；掉下：A button had come off.有颗扣子掉了。

come on

快点；进展；算了吧：

Come on , we will be late for the theatre .

快点吧，我们去戏院要迟到了。

come to sb

被某人想到：

The answer came to me in a flash. 我突然想到了答案。

get in

进入；到达；插话：

A car stopped before him and he got in. 一辆小汽车停在他面前，他上了车。

When does the train get in? 火车几点进站？

She talks so much that it’s impossible to get a word in. 她说起话来滔滔不绝，让人一句话都插不进去。

give out

①分发；发出 (光、热、信号等)；公布：

The teacher gave out the exam papers. 老师发了试卷。

That lamp doesn’t give out a lot of light.

那盏灯亮度不够。

The result of the examination won’t be given out.

这次考试成绩将不会被公布。

②耗尽；精疲力竭：

We must go home. Our money has given out.钱用光了，我们必须回家。

His strength gave out.

他筋疲力尽了。

go about

从事；忙于；开始做：

The villagers were going about their business as usual. 村民们如往常一样忙着自己的事。

If I decided to join the club, how do I go about it?假如我决定加入这个俱乐部，要做些什么呢？

go ahead

①前进；先走 ②[用于祈使句] 请吧；说吧：③(经过计划或允许后) 开始做：The government

is planning to go ahead with the building next year. 政府计划明年着手建造大楼。

英语介词用法归纳总结

常用介词基本用法辨析

表示方位的介词：in, to, on

1. in 表示在某地范围之内。

Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。

2. to 表示在某地范围之外。

Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。

3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。

Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。

表示计量的介词：at, for, by

1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。

It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。

I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。

2. for 表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。

He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。

3. by 表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。

They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。

Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。

表示材料的介词：of, from, in

1. of 成品仍可看出原料。

This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。

2. from 成品已看不出原料。

Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。

3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。

Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。

They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。

表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on

1. by 用某种方式，多用于交通。

I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。

2. with表示“用某种工具”。

He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。

注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。

3. on 表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。

They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。

She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。

表示关于的介词：of, about, on

1. of 仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。

He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。

2. about 指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。

Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗？

3. on 指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。

It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。

表原因或理由的介词：for, at, from, of, with, by, because of

1. for 表示原因，与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame连用。

I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。

2. at 指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而……”。

He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。

3. from 指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。

He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。

4. of 指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。

The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。

5. with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。

He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。

6. by 表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。

Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。

She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。

7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。

He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.

8. owing to 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。

Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。

9. thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”。

Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。

10. out of 表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……”。

He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。

11. through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。

The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。

表示好像或当作的介词：like, as

1. like表示“像……一样”，其实不是。

Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。

2. as表示“作为，以……身份”，其实也是。

He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注：as作连词时，可表示“好像……”。

The work is not so difficult as you imagine. 这工作不像你想像的那么困难。

表示支持或反对的介词：against, foragainst 反对，for支持，互为反义词。

Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？

表示除某人某物外的介词：besides, except

1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外，还”。

Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影（共计31人去）。

He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football.他对足球和网球都感兴趣。

2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。

Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动（我并不激动）。

All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（他不是日本人）

注意：

(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用；若与other连用，只能用besides。

He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。

(B) except是排除同类；而except for是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正。

The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外，这篇作文整体还是不错的。

(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)但except for 有时也可代替 except，特别是在句首时，因为

except 是不能用于句首的。

Except for George, you can all go. 除乔治外，你们都可以去。