比较与对比 comparison & contrast

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What is comparison & contrast?

A comparison points out ways that two or more persons , places , or things are alike.

A contrast points out how they are different.

The subjects of a comparison and contrast should be in the same class or general category,

with comparable items.

How to write a comparison and contrast paragraph

The topic sentence should show whether the writer will concentrate on similarities,

differences, or both.

Then in the following sentences you should have to decide whether the discussion will

consist mainly of similarities or differences or both.

In the conclusion, you can offer advices to the reader or looking in the future.

Two Logical patterns

1)the subject –by –subject or Item－by－Item pattern/ block presentation(逐事比较) (按照比较/对比对象展开)

If we are dealing with two broad topics, which are not too complex or detailed, we may

begin by discussing the first one, and then go on discussing the second, following the

pattern: A1,A2,A3…;B1,B2,B3…

It can be used in a short paragraph or essay.

Ex. Model 1 There are many similarities between doctors and teachers. First, both

doctors and teachers are considered professionals by their communities. The classification

of professional is the highest socioeconomic rank an individual can achieve in this

society.

Second, both doctors and teachers help others: doctors heal the bodies of sick people, and return

them to health, and teachers mold the minds of young people and turn them into responsible ,

educated adults. last, both doctors and teachers are essential members of a community. It is

difficult to imagine a city or town that has no need of either a doctor or a teacher. Such a place

would truly be primitive.

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2)the point-by -point pattern/ alternating presentation

(逐点比较)(按照比较/对比内容展开)

if the topic are complex or too detailed , it may be preferable to examine them in pairs,

turning first to one and then to the other alternately as we write, following the pattern:

A1,B1;A2,B2;A3,B3..

It can be used in a long paragraph or essay.

Model 2: Taking notes is one thing I‟ve learned to do better since high school days. I used

to lose interest in what I was doing and begin doodling(乱写乱画), drawing Martians, or

seeing what my signature would look like if I married the cute guy in the second row.

Now, however , I try not to let my mind wander , and I pull my thoughts back into focus

when they begin to go fuzzy. In high school, my notes often looked like something

written in Arabic.

In college , I‟ve learned to use a semiprint writing style that marks my notes

understandable. When I would look over my high school notes, I couldn‟t understand

them. There would be a word like “Reconstruction” , then a big blank, and then the word

“important”. Weeks later, I had no idea what Reconstruction was or why it is important.

I„ve since learned to write down connecting ideas, even if I have to take time to do it after

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Transitions in comparison & contrast

Comparison:

and , also, like, as , too, similarly, another, furthermore, resemble, comparable, in

comparison with, in addition to, much the same as, equally important, at the same time

Contrast

But, however, yet, nevertheless, whereas, unlike, while, conversely, oppositely, differently,

in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, different from, in spite of

Model 3( contrast dominant ):

Life in the city is quite different from life in the suburbs．People living in the city are

constantly exposed to the hustle and bustle(熙熙攘攘) of urban life．But life in the

suburbs is generally quiet and casual and generally more low－key than in the city．If city

dwellers want to see trees and grass，they must go to one of the public parks．

On the other hand，the streets of many suburban communities are lined with trees and

shrubs (灌木)，and each house has its own grassy yard．A person living in the city is close

to many sources of entertainment，but people living in suburban areas must go into the

city for entertainment．

Model 4( comparison and contrast)

The llama(无峰驼) is a member of the camel family．Like the camel，the llama can live

for weeks without a drink of water．Both get enough moisture from the grass，shrubs，and other plants they eat．But unlike the camel，the llama has no hump on its back

Compare “a motor－cycle” and “a car”：

Item－by－Item

Ⅰ．Motorcycle A．Expense B．Upkeep C．Safety

Ⅱ．Automobile A．Expense B．Upkeep C．Safety

Point－by－Point

Ⅰ．Expense A．Motorcycle B．Automobile

Ⅱ．Upkeep A．Motorcycle B．Automobile

Ⅲ．Safety A．Motorcycle B．Automobile

Exercise1

Directions：Write a paragraph using a point－by－point comparison/contrast about the

advantages of bikes over cars or buses．The outline and the topic sentence are given．

Outline：

Ⅰ．Expense A．Cars or buses B．Bikes

Ⅱ．Convenience A．Cars or buses B．Bikes

Ts: Taking notes is one thing I have learned to do better at college since high school days.

Points of contrast:

1)Level of attention in class

A1 (high school) B1(College)

2)Handwritng

A2(high school ) B2(college)

3)Completeness of notes

A3 (high school ) B3(college)

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Ⅲ．Pollution A．Cars or buses B．Bikes

As compared with cars or buses，bicycles have unique advantages for Chinese people

Exercise 2

Directions：Write a paragraph of contrast，contrasting women today with women in the

past（hints：social status，family status，etc．）．

The same subject taught in high school and in college

Life in country and life in the city

Two holiday resorts