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2024年1月4日发(作者:coinitializesecurity)
人教版选择性必修第一册重点单词短语
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
People of Achievement ...................................................................................... - 1 -
Looking into the Future ...................................................................................... - 8 -
Fascinating Parks .............................................................................................. - 15 -
Body Language ................................................................................................. - 23 -
Working the Land ............................................................................................. - 30 -
Unit 1 People of Achievement
【话题词汇】
ist n. 物理学家
omer n. 天文学家
logist n. 技术专家
ist n. 生物学家
ist n. 动物学家
st n. 植物学家
icate n. 证明;证(明)书
ication n. 资格;学历
sibility n. 责任;负责
ake vt. 承担;从事;负责
ishment n. 建立
ation n. 灵感
ial adj. 潜在的
ve adj. 创造性的
ined adj. 意志坚定的
le adj. 可信赖的
【话题短语】
great contributions to 对……做出突出贡献
involved in 参与……
oneself to 致力于
over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难
a leading role in 起着重要的作用
e one's dream 实现某人的梦想
made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的进步
ific research 科学研究
the challenge 面对挑战
out a new scientific idea 开创科学新观点
【话题佳句】
is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many
different ways.
毫无疑问,我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。
e the difficulties scientist hope future discovery will not only enable us to
understand how the universe began but also help us some while in the future.
尽管困难重重,科学家们希望未来的发现,不仅能使我们了解宇宙的起源,还能帮助我们在未来更好地生存。
ific technology plays a significant role in our daily life, such as
communication and transportation technology.
科学技术在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要作用,如通信和运输技术。
【话题练习】
ific technology has already promoted technological improvement that
benefit us all.
科学技术已经促进了造福于我们所有人的技术改进。
conclusion science provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore,
it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people's short term and
long term problems.
总之,科学提供了许多不同的益处,因此,他应该继续为人类面临的短期和长期的问题提供新的,更好的解决方法。
was one of the best professors I've ever had, and he really cared about his
students and their work.
他是我遇到过的最好的教授之一,他对他的学生们和他们的学习非常关心。
联想拓展
-ment表名词,“行为或结果”
①movement n. 运动
②agreement n. 协议
③management n. 管理
④establishment n. 建立,设立
⑤improvement n. 改善
⑥argument n. 争论
表示 “成就”的动词荟萃
①improve v. 改进,改善
②promote v. 促进,推动
③inspire v. 鼓舞
④contribute v. 有助于
⑤achieve v. 取得
⑥gain v. 获得
联想拓展
动词+up短语荟萃 (up完全;彻底地)
break up 分裂,打碎
burn up 完全烧尽
use up 全部用尽
tear up 撕碎
eat up 吃光
表示“评价”的形容词荟萃
①remarkable adj. 非凡的
②dedicated adj. 有献身精神的
③outstanding adj. 杰出的
④respected adj. 受尊敬的
⑤responsible adj. 负责任的
⑥admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
高频考点探究
1.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
【教材原句】
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.青蒿素已经成为
治疗疟疾的重要组成部分。
be 对……很重要
It is vital to do sth. 做某事是很重要的
It is ……是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气,即should do,
should可以省略)
【佳句背诵】
Understanding history is vital to/for understanding ourselves as a people and
nation.
作为一个民族和一个国家,了解历史对于了解我们自身是至关重要的。
2.commit vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等) vi. 忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
【教材原句】
Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30
December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦,一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
( 把……送交,托付给……;对……作出承诺,承担义务,担负责任;使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself 承诺;保证做某事
commit a crime 犯罪
(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
commitment n. 承诺;交托;信奉
【知识拓展】
过去式、过去分词committed, committed
【佳句背诵】
Be totally committed to what you do, as excellence is only possible with
commitment.
完全致力于你所做的事,因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。
3.evaluate vt.评估;评价
【教材原句】
Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for
their medical properties.
她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献,并对28万种植物的药用性能进
行了评估。
(1)evaluate sb. on/by 根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n. 估计;评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
【佳句背诵】
Writing down your progress allows you to objectively evaluate your work.
写下你的进度可以让你客观地评估你的工作。
4.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
【教材原句】
However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不接受失败。
acknowledge (doing/having done) sth.
承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sb./sth. to be/as 承认某人/某物是……
承认……
It's generally/universally
大家公认……
acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢;谢礼
【词源解读】
acknowledge由ac-“在(at)”和knowledge“知道(know)”构成,即“处于知道的状态”。其词源义及基本义为“承认”。
【佳句欣赏】
It is universally acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
众所周知,财富并不一定意味着幸福。
5.circumstance n.[usually pl.] 条件;环境;状况
There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our
control.
我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。
(1)in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下
(2)in/under no circumstances 决不;无论如何都不(置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)
【知识拓展】
以下短语均意为“决不;无论如何也不”,置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语
序。
at no time, in no way, in no sense, on no account, on no condition
【佳句背诵】
Under no circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a
better place to live in.
在任何情况下,我们都不会放弃我们的信念,即我们可以使这个世界成为一个更美好的居住地。
6.come to power(开始)掌权;上台
【教材原句】
Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年,当希特勒在德国掌权时,情况发生了变化。
beyond/out of one's power 力所不能及的
be in power 执政
take power 掌权
do all/everything in one's power to do sth.
竭尽所能做某事
【误区释疑】
come to power表示动作,be in power表示状态, come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,而be in power可以。
7.take up a position/post 担任职务,任职
【教材原句】
After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
在欧洲待了一段时间后,他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。
take up 拿起;接受;开始;继续;占据(时间或空间)
take away 解除;消除
take down 拿下;取下;记下
take in 理解;欺骗;接纳
take off 脱去;起飞;突然受欢迎
take on 呈现;开始雇用
【佳句背诵】
Forgive me for having taken up so much of your time and accept my best wishes
for your health and happiness.
请原谅我占用了你这么多的时间,请接受我最美好的祝愿,祝你健康快乐。
8.insist on坚决要求
【教材原句】
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on
themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物,以确保它是安全的。
【典型例句】
In conclusion,so long as you insist on doing so,you will succeed sooner or later.
总之,只要你坚持这样做,你迟早会成功的。
(1)insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚决要求(做)某事
(2)在“insist+”结构中,当insist作“坚持主张,坚决要求”讲时,其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说,坚持认为”讲时,其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
【知识拓展】
与insist的用法相似的词还有suggest。当suggest作“建议”讲时,其后的从句要用虚拟语气。作“表明,暗示”讲时,其后的从句用陈述语气。
9.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said, “The
honour is not ”一听到她被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说,“荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
【典型例句】
Upon hearing the exciting news, he jumped with joy.
听到这个令人激动的消息时,他高兴地跳起来。
【句式分析】
upon/当……时;一……就……
【知识拓展】
表示“一……就……”的结构有:
the minute,the moment,the instant, as soon as,immediately,instantly, directly,,;on等。
10.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is
thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的至关重要的成分,被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10
万人的生命。
【典型例句】
Its unique scenery is so impressive that it is said to be more beautiful than any
other city in the world.
它独特的风景是如此令人印象深刻,据说它比世界上任何其他城市都美丽。
【句式分析】
主语+be thought+不定式
(1)Sth./Sb. is thought to do
It is 据认为……
不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。
(2) 该句型可与It is 互换。
常用于该句型的过去分词还有said, believed, considered, hoped,
【佳句背诵】
He is thought to be a learned and modest scholar.
他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。
Unit 2 Looking into the Future
【话题词汇】
rgery n. 远程手术
ble adj. 可利用的
ible adj. 易接近的,易得到的
hrough n. 重大突破
ental adj. 根本的,十分重大的
al n. 材料,原料
e v. 取代
ial adj. 潜在的,可能的
t v. 预言,预告,预测
icance n. 意义,重要性
atic adj. 系统的,有条理的
reported等。
orm v. 改造,改革,变换
v. 更新;使现代化
fy v. 使简化,使简易
tic adj. 自动的
onic adj. 电子的
【话题短语】
convenience to life 给生活带来便利
people's life easier 使人们的生活变得更容易
nmental friendly energy 环保能源
warming 全球变暖
to people being lazy 使人们变懒
reliance on machines 过度依赖机器
igent appliances 智能家电
and more comfortable means of transportation
更快捷舒适的交通方式
e the quality of life for humans
提高人们的生活质量
connected to 与……相连
【话题佳句】
the natural resources running out, I will drive my flying machine powered
by solar energy.因为自然资源的耗尽,我将驾驶由太阳能驱动的飞行器。
the future, all electrical appliances at home are in the control of computers.
在未来家里所有的电器都由电脑控制。
robots will take over most jobs in the factories.
在工作中,机器人将接管工厂的大部分工作。
4.I always look on the positive side of the change and accept it rather than resist it.
我总会看到变化积极的一面并接受它,而不是抵制它。
【话题练习】
Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily,
even if they are on opposite sides of the world. Personally, I benefited quite a lot from
technology.
即使身处世界的两端,互联网使得朋友和家人能很容易地保持联系。就我个人而言,科技进步使我受益匪浅。
Internet has also made finding opportunities in life much easier as it
allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.
互联网也使人们更容易在生活中寻找机会,因为它使人们通过使用社交媒体结交更多的朋友。
technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the
years.
多年来新科技为各地的人们提供了许多好处。
联想拓展
前缀fore单词集锦
forecast 预测,预报
forehead 前额
forefront 前线
forefather 祖先
foresee 预知,预见
表示情感的名词荟萃
①annoyance 恼怒
②anxiety 焦虑
③enthusiasm 热情
④sadness 悲伤
⑤sorrow 难过
⑥pleasure 愉快
联想拓展
-ician名词全扫描
electrician 电器
magician 魔术师
technician 技术员
politician 政治家
musician 音乐家
mathematician 数学家
“太空”高频词汇
astronomy 天文学
astronaut 宇航员
gravity 引力
orbit 轨道
universe 宇宙
satellite 卫星
高频考点探究
1.combine vt.&vi.(使)结合;混合
【教材原句】
Care will also be taken to combine the buildings and surrounding architecture
together to form an effective system.
也要小心地将这些大楼和周围的建筑结合起来,形成一个有效的系统。
( 把……与……结合起来
把……合成……
(2)combination n. 结合;联合;化合(物)
【佳句背诵】
The splendid scenery, combined with lovely weather and delicious food,will make
our visit to Beijing pleasant and unforgettable.
灿烂的风景,加上宜人的天气和美味的食物,将使我们北京之行愉快而难忘。
2.predict vt. 预测;预言;预料
【教材原句】
Words such as predict, prediction, and forecast, are also used quite often when
making predictions.
像predict, prediction和forecast这样的词在进行预测时也经常使用。
predict+从句 预测……
predict+n.+ 预测……做……
It is 据预测……
【佳句背诵】
It is not possible to predict with certainty what effect this will have.
要准确地预言这会有什么影响是不可能的。
3.oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠
【教材原句】
In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of
developing driverless cars.
在这篇文章中,很多人说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车。
oppose (doing) sth.=object to (doing) sth.
反对(做)某事
opposed adj. 反对的;对立的
as opposed to 而,相对于(表示对比)
be opposed to (doing) sth.= be against (doing) sth.
反对(做)某事(to为介词)
【知识拓展】
表示“反对;不赞成”的表达还有:
disagree with;be against;object to;hold negative attitudes towards/to.
【佳句背诵】
As long as every one of us opposes any form of destroying the environment and
advocates protecting the environment, the process of global warming will be bound to
slow down.
只要我们每个人都反对任何形式的破坏环境,主张保护环境,全球变暖的进程就一定会放缓。
4.absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席
【教材原句】
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who
live happily in the absence of new technology.
一方面,世界上有许多不同的群体,他们在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。
(1) 缺席……;没参加……
absence of mind 心不在焉
during/in one's absence(=in the absence of sb.)
当某人缺席/不在的时候
(2)absent adj. 缺席的,不在的
be absent from 缺席,不在
absent-minded 心不在焉的
(3)反义短语
be present at 出席,在场
【佳句背诵】
His absence of mind made him miss the teacher's key words so he didn't catch what
the teacher explained just now.
他的心不在焉使他错过了老师讲的关键要点,所以他听不懂刚才老师所解释的
内容。
5.advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
【教材原句】
They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and
community.
他们提倡简单的生活,强调努力工作、家庭和社区。
(1)advocate doing sth. 主张/提倡做某事
advocate+宾语从句(从句谓语用should+动词原形,should可省略)
(2)an advocate for/of ……的支持/拥护者
【佳句背诵】
He is an enthusiastic advocate for/of environmental protection.
他是环境保护的热心拥护者。
6.keep in touch () (与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
【教材原句】
Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch
easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
此外,互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系,即使他们在世界的两端。
get in/into touch with 和……取得联系
lose touch with 和……失去联系;对……变得生疏
be in touch with 同……有联系;了解……的情况
be out of touch with 同……失去联系;与……没有通信
【误区释疑】
stay/ keep /be in touch with, be out of touch with表示状态,可以与一段时间的状语连用。
get in touch with /lose touch with表示动作,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
【佳句背诵】
Whenever you need help,I hope you can get in touch with me.
无论何时你需要帮助,我希望你可以联系我。
7.in this sense在这种意义上
【典型例句】
In this sense, good crisis management also contributes to crisis prevention.
从这个意义上讲,良好的危机管理也有助于预防危机。
make sense of 理解;明白
make no sense 没道理;没意义
in a sense 在某一方面;就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不
There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没道理
8.catch fire着火(强调动作,无被动语态)
【典型例句】
This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or
catches fire.
这样你就能在家被水淹没或着火之前解决。
be on fire 着火(强调状态)
put out fire 灭火(主语是人)
set sth. on fire=set fire to sth. 点燃某物
make a fire 生火
fight a fire 救火
play with the fire 玩火
【佳句背诵】
There is a thick covering of leaves in the forest, which are very easy to catch fire.
森林中有厚厚的一层树叶,它们是非常容易着火的。
9.Probably the most well known are the Amish, a group of Christians living in
rural America.
最著名的可能是阿米什人,一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。
【典型例句】
A week before Earth Day,a big poster was put up on campus,calling upon us
students to take action for a greener earth.
在“地球日”前的一周,我们学校就贴出大海报,号召我们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。
【句式分析】
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
单个现在分词作定语,放在所修饰词的前面,而现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰词的后面。
10.Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep
in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
此外,互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系,即使他们在世界的两端。
【典型例句】
Having a good command of English makes it possible for people to get ahead and
to realise their ambitions.
精通英语让人可能获得成功,并实现他们的抱负。
【句式分析】
在(for sb.) 结构中,it是形式宾语,是真正的宾语。常用这种结构的动词还有find, feel, think, consider等。
真正的宾语有三种形式,动词不定式短语,-ing短语或从句。用-ing作真正的宾语时,宾补通常是no use,no good等。当真正的宾语是动词不定式短语时,不定式短语可以有自己的逻辑主语,该逻辑主语由介词for引出。
【佳句背诵】
However, following a few simple rules when you are eating out will make it
possible to stick to a healthy diet.
不过,当你外出就餐时,以下几个简单的规则,将使你有可能坚持健康饮食的习惯。
Unit 3 Fascinating Parks
【话题词汇】
re n. 生物,动物
ir n. 纪念品
in n. 喷泉
n. 草坪
n. 雕像
n. 秋千
ical adj. 历史的
nt n. 纪念碑,纪念物
tic adj. 神奇的
tive adj. 迷人的,有吸引力的
l adj. 中心的,中央的
odation n. 住宿
ement n. 安排,布置
e v. 预定
ation n. 目的地
adj. 独一无二的,仅有的
【话题短语】
to life 活跃起来,苏醒过来
wonder 难怪,不足为奇
close to 接近,靠近
agency 旅行社
admission to 准许入场
struck by 被……迷住
7.a summer resort 避暑胜地
description 难以描述
picnicking 去野餐
of charge 免费的
【话题佳句】
, the park attracts millions of visitors annually from winter visitors
exploring winter space skills to summer visitors observing wildlife.
如今,这个公园每年吸引数百万游客,包括探索冬季空中技能的冬季游客和观察野生动物的夏季游客。
lovely flowers everywhere, the park is the blaze of color.公园里姹紫嫣红,十分绚丽。
top of its beautiful scenery, the park is also famous for its rich biological
diversity. 除了美丽的风景,这个公园还以其丰富的生物多样性而闻名。
【话题练习】
all these attractions, no wonder tourism is on the increase wherever there is
a Disneyland.
有这么多具有吸引力的景点,难怪哪里有迪士尼乐园,哪里的旅游业就会日益兴旺。
is no doubt that it will have a great effect on all the relevant countries
and contribute to the economic and cultural development of the world.
毫无疑问,这将对相关国家有很大影响,促进世界经济和文化的发展。
联想拓展
-less构成的形容词
①countless 无数的
②restless 不安的
③endless 没有尽头
④speechless 无语的
⑤wireless 无线的
⑥aimless 漫无目的的
后缀-ance名词荟萃
①performance 表演,表现
②guidance 指导
③appearance 外表,出现
④assistance 帮助,援助
⑤acceptance 接受
⑥annoyance 烦恼,生气
联想拓展
at+名词短语集锦
at hand 在手边,在附近
at heart 实质上
at length 终于,最后,详细地
at random 随意的,胡乱的
at risk 处于危险之中
at ease 自在,不拘束
表示“专注于”的短语荟萃
①be occupied with
②be engaged in
③be absorbed in
④be devoted to
⑤be dedicated to
⑥put one's heart into
高频考点探究
1.ban vt.明令禁止;取缔;n.禁令
【教材原句】
And all new development is banned within park boundaries.
在公园范围内所有新的开发项目都被禁止。
(1)ban-(pt.) banned-(pp.) banned v. 明令禁止,取缔
ban (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事
ban doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
(2)a ban on/against sth. 对某事的禁令
under a ban 禁止……
【佳句背诵】
A very beautiful town,Bravuogn in Switzerland, has banned tourists from taking
photos in order to get holidaymakers to take a break from social media.
瑞士的一个美丽的小镇Bravuogn已经禁止游客拍照,以便让度假者暂时脱离社交媒体。
2.accompany vt.陪同;陪伴;伴随;(尤指用钢琴)为……伴奏
【教材原句】
Since reindeer were always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and
accompany them.由于驯鹿总是在移动,萨米人会收起他们的帐篷并陪伴它们。
(1)accompany sb. at/on sth. (尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏
(2)be accompanied by 由某人陪同;由……伴奏
accompany sb.=keep y 陪伴某人
accompany sb. to some place 陪伴/陪同某人到某地
【佳句背诵】
If they have no companion,children under 14 must be accompanied by an
you want to learn about more information,please consult the accompanying booklet for
instructions.
如果没有同伴,14岁以下儿童必须有成人陪伴。如果您想了解更多的信息,请查阅所附的小册子。
3.tend vt. 照顾; 照料;vi. 倾向; 趋于
【典型例句】
Some people tend to look down upon disabled people.
有些人往往瞧不起残疾人。
(1)tend sb. /sth. 照料/照看……
(2)tend to do sth. 易于做某事
tend to/toward(s) sth. 倾向于……,有……的趋势
(3)tendency n. 倾向, 趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向
【佳句背诵】
I'm writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang who tended my mother in the
hospital.
我写信真诚地感谢在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士。
4.adopt vt.采用;采取;采纳 vt.& vi.领养
【教材原句】
I am not a Sami, but in Sarek I've adopted some of their habits.
我不是萨米人,但在沙雷克,我接受了他们的一些习惯。
(as... 选……作为……;收养……为……
adopt an/a approach/suggestion 采用方法/采纳建议
(2)adopted adj. 被收养的;被采用的
adoption n. 采用;收养
【误区释疑】
形近词汇拓展:
adapt v. (使) 适应;改编,改写
make an adaptation to the new environment 适应新环境
adapt (oneself) to (使自己)适应……
be adapted from 是由……改编的
adapt the play for television把这剧本改编成电视剧
【佳句背诵】
It will take some time for the adopted girl to adapt herself to her new family.
这个被收养的女孩儿需要花一些时间来适应她的新家庭。
5.wander v.&n.闲逛,游荡
【教材原句】
As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or
Mickey Mouse in a parade or even on the street.
当你漫步在梦幻娱乐公园,你可能会看到白雪公主或米老鼠在游行,甚至在大街上。
沿着……走
wander about/up and down/through the street 在大街上徘徊
wander alone about the town 一个人独自在城里转
wander too far from the point 离题太远
wander off the subject/point 走题了/跑题了
wander back to one's old days 回想起过去的时光
wander the world 周游世界
【误区释疑】
wander v. 闲逛, 漫游, 走神, 走失,离散n.游荡,闲逛,流浪
wonder v. 想知道, 琢磨 n.奇观
【佳句背诵】
The child wandered off and got lost.
那孩子走散后迷路了。
6.appeal to 对……有吸引力
【教材原句】
Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme Park that will
appeal to you!
无论你喜欢哪个,喜欢什么,都会有一个令人难以置信的主题公园吸引你!
(1)appeal vi. 有感染力;呼吁;求助vt. 将……上诉n. 呼吁;恳求
appeal to sb. for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事
(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb. to do sth.
呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的;恳求的
【佳句背诵】
With the plan carried out in our city,we can better appeal to people to reduce
pollution.
随着这一计划在我们城市的实施,我们能够更好地呼吁人们减少污染。
7.up to直到,胜任,多达,取决于
【典型例句】
Here you can walk under the Whale Shark Aquarium—the world's largest—and see
up to 20,000 fish, in addition to a whale shark 68 metres in length.
在这里,你可以走在世界上最大的鲸鲨水族馆下面,看到多达20 000 条鱼,此外还有一条68米长的鲸鲨。
【拓展延伸】
up to now直到现在
up-to-date现代的;包含最新信息的
【佳句背诵】
It is up to us to help those in need .
我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。
8.upside down 颠倒,翻转
【教材原句】
The park has more rides than you can imagine: join a water fight against pirates, get
turned upside down by an exciting roller coaster, or get wet in one of the water rides!
公园里有比你想象中更多的游乐设施:与海盗打水仗,被刺激的过山车翻转,或者在水上游乐设施中淋湿!
upside down 颠倒,倒转,翻转
up and down 上下波动,来回,反复
turn sth. upside down 把……弄得乱七八糟,给……造成大的变化或混乱
inside out 里面向外
【佳句背诵】
During the Spring Festival, Chinese people like hanging the character “fu”
upside down, which means the arrival of luck.
春节期间,中国人喜欢把“福”字倒过来,这意味着运气的到来。
9.Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their
home.
跟随着驯鹿步伐的是萨米人,萨米人把这片土地当作他们的家园。
【典型例句】
Present at the evening party was our favorable English teacher.
出席晚会的有我们喜欢的英语老师。
【句式分析】
需要完全倒装的情况:
(1)表示方位、地点和时间的副词in, out, down, up, off, away, now, then, here,
there,等位于句首,若主语是名词而不是代词时,要全部倒装。
(2)表示地点、时间、方位等的介词短语放在句首时,常见的介词(短语)有:among,
between, in, under,on the top of, in front of, in the middle of+n.等。
(3)“表语+系动词+主语”结构中。
【误区释疑】
在(1)和(2)前两类完全倒装中,若主语为人称代词,则不需要倒装。
The door opened and in he came.
门开了,他走了进来。
【佳句背诵】
On the top of the mountain stands an old castle which has a history of more than
three hundred years.
山顶上有一座300多年历史的古老城堡。
10.Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that
will appeal to you!
无论你喜欢哪一个,喜欢什么,都有一个不可思议的主题公园吸引到你!
【典型例句】
As a child,I always hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could
have whatever I wanted and do whatever I liked.
作为一个孩子,我一直希望我能尽快长大,这样我就可以拥有任何我想得到的东西并做我喜欢做的事。
【句式分析】
(1)whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
whichever和 no matter which 意为“无论哪个”时,都可引导让步状语从句。除此之外,whichever 还可引导名词性从句, 在句中作主语或定语等。
(2) whichever 和 whatever 区别:
whichever “无论哪个”, 是在某范围内作出选择;whatever “无论什么”没有范围限制。
【佳句背诵】
Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever
we hope to accomplish.
只有我们言行一致才能对所做的事情有所贡献。
Unit 4 Body Language
【话题词汇】
e n. 手势,姿态,姿势
n. 鼓掌,拍手
n. 手腕
vi. 打哈欠
n. 腰;腰部
v. 皱眉
adj. 随便的;非正式的;临时的;偶然的
v. 哭泣,流泪
vi. 叹息;叹气
v. 问候;打招呼
on n. 时机;机会;场合
n.&v. 点头
d vi. 回答;做出反应
vt. 轻拍
erstand vt. 误解;误会
vi. 看一下;扫视
【话题短语】
e of communication 缺乏交流
up one's head 昂首挺胸
-to-face communication 面对面交流
one's mind 充实大脑
h out one's hand 伸手
sb. in the eyes/face 坦然和无愧的直视某人,正视某人
er to shoulder 肩并肩
ge/share ideas 交换/分享观点
ence diverse cultures 体验多元文化
sb. five 与某人击掌问候
【话题佳句】
so many cultural differences between people, it's great to have some
similarities in body language. We gave away more by gestures than by words.人们之间的文化差异如此之多,好在肢体语言有一些相似之处。我们通过手势传达的信息比通过语言传达的多。
the globe, there is one form of body language that receives universal
approval—the smile. 有一种肢体语言在全世界得到了普遍认同,那就是微笑。
getting along with your foreign friends, mind your manners and remain
modest and honest.
与外国友人相处时,要注意个人礼貌,要谦虚诚实。
【话题练习】
permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so
that we can have a better relationship.时间允许的话,我期盼有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度过,这样我们就会有更加良好的关系。
language is an important part of nonverbal communication and it is
closely connected with culture.
身势语是非语言交际的重要组成部分并和文化紧密联系在一起。
ys, body language has played a more and more important role in daily
communication among people.
现代社会,身势语在人们日常交往中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
联想拓展
-y结尾的形容词
①muddy 泥泞的
②rainy 多雨的
③foggy 多雾的
④stormy 狂风暴雨般的
⑤sunny 阳光充足的
⑥snowy 下雪的
表示“职业”百宝箱
①professor 教授
②physician 内科医生
③engineer 工程师
④journalist 记者
⑤producer 制片人
⑥editor 编辑
⑦surgeon 外科医生
联想拓展
v.+in短语集锦
①believe in 相信
②hand in 上交
③take in 吸收
④check in 登记
⑤result in 导致
⑥bring in 引进
at+n.表示时间的短语荟萃
①at sunrise 日出时刻
②at dawn 黎明时刻
③at sunset 日落时分
④at dusk 黄昏
⑤at lunchtime 吃午饭的时间
⑥at noon 在正午
高频考点探究
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变
【教材原句】
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
就像口语一样,身体语言也因文化而异。
(1)vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
由……到……情况不等
(2)variety n. 变化;种类;多样性
a variety of=varieties of 许多的;各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的
【佳句背诵】
America is regarded as a melting pot where exists a variety of ethnic and cultural
groups with various customers. Sometimes people's customers can vary with time.
美国被称为一个熔炉,在那里存在着多种多样的不同风俗习惯的民族和文化群体。有时人们的风俗习惯会随着时间而变化。
2.approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过
【教材原句】
In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
相比而言,在其他国家,眼神交流并不总是被接受的。
(1)approve of 赞成;同意
approve of sb./sb.'s (doing) sth. 同意某人(做)某事
(2)approval n. 赞成;同意;批准;认可
win/earn one's approval 取得某人的同意/赞成
with/without approval of 经/未经……的批准
【知识拓展】
同意短语:
agree with sb. about/ on sth.
be in favor of; be for sth.
不同意短语:
disagree with sb. about/on something;
object to doing sth.; be against sth.
disapprove of sth.
【佳句背诵】
I would appreciate it if you could approve my application and inform me of the
interview.
如果您能批准我的申请并通知我面试,我将不胜感激。
3.witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人
【教材原句】
In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might
think it means money.
在日本,看到别人做这个手势可能会认为这是钱的意思。
witness sth. 目击了某事
witness to (doing) sth. 证实,证明(做)某事
witness for 为……作证
be a witness to sth. 是某事的证据/证人
bear/give witness to 做……的证人;为……作证
【佳句背诵】
The past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation of my hometown.
过去的十年见证了我家乡的巨大变化。
4.differ vi.不同于;相异
【教材原句】
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.
甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。
(1) 与……不同/有区别
在……方面不同
differ with sb. on/about/over sth.
与某人在某事上持不同(看法)
(2)different adj. 不同的
be 与……不同
difference n. 不同,差别
make a difference (to...) (对……) 有作用或影响
5. favour vt.更喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同
【教材原句】
Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the
head when they meet someone else.
在其他地方,人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
do sb.a favour=do a favour for sb. 帮某人的忙
in 支持……
ask a favour=ask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙
in one's favour 对某人有利
【佳句背诵】
Chances always favour those who make adequate preparations.
机会总是给予那些准备充分的人。Ⅱ.核心短语
6.break down消除;分解;打破
【教材原句】
A smile can break down barriers.
微笑可以打破障碍。
break away from 脱离;摆脱;挣脱;打破陈规
break in 闯入;强行进入
break out 突然发生;爆发(不用于被动语态)
break up 打碎;分裂;解体;解散
【佳句背诵】
Getting the teenagers together will help to break down the barriers between them.
把青少年聚集起来可以帮助他们消除彼此之间的隔阂。
7.by comparison/contrast 相比之下,相比较
【教材原句】
By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite
meaning.
相比之下,在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部,手势有相反的意思。
【典型例句】
After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.
在热带气候下生活了几个月后,相比之下,西班牙似乎凉爽多了。
【拓展延伸】
by comparison (with sth.) 相比之下,(与……)比较起来
in comparison with sth. 与……相比,相比之下
make a comparison 做比较
compare v. 比较
把……和……相比
把……比喻成……
comparative adj. 比较而言的
【佳句背诵】
This popular destination is considered a city of contrasts with its abundant historic
sites, resting in the shadows of modern skyscrapers.
这个广受欢迎的地方静默在摩天大楼的阴影之下,被认为是一个与他丰富的历史遗迹形成鲜明对比的城市。
8.in other words换句话说;也就是说
【典型例句】
We went to the gallery last weekend and all the artists were very admirable. In
other words, we admired the artists for their admirable skills.
上周末我们去了美术馆,所有艺术家都很受欢迎。换句话说,我们钦佩艺术家
们的技艺。
(1)in a/one word 总而言之
(2)have a word with sb. 与某人说句话
have words with sb. 与某人吵架
keep/break one's word 遵守诺言/失信
beyond words 无法用言语表达
in words 用语言
word 有消息说……
【知识拓展】
(1)in other words同义表达:
namely, that is, that is to say。
(2)word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words;
(3)word表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。
【佳句背诵】
In other words, a smile could serve as a bridge to connect two people and shorten
the distance between two hearts.
换句话说,微笑是连接两人之间的桥梁并能缩短两颗心之间的距离。
9.Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
当然,并不是每个抬头看的人上课都专心。
【典型例句】
[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Not all cities develop slowly over a period of time.并不是所有的城市那段时间都发展得慢。
【句式分析】
(1)当not与all,both,everyone,everything,everywhere等词连用时为部分否定,意为“并非都……”。
(2)当not与any,anyone,anywhere,anything连用或出现no,nothing,nobody,nowhere,none时是完全否定。
10.Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move
their hands can also give us information about their feelings.语言是很重要,但是人们站立的方式、抱手臂和挥动双手的方式也能给我们提供他们情感的信息。
【典型例句】
[2019·浙江卷]However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled
the call.然而,当她挂断电话时,她对自己处理电话的方式感到后悔。
【句式分析】
(1)way表示“方式;方法”时, 其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句, 也可以将关系词that/in which省略掉。
(2)way后接定语从句时, 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which,作宾语时可以省略。
其他短语:做某事的方法
the way to do sth.
the way of doing sth.
【佳句背诵】
We all appreciate the way that the ancient town protects its traditional cultures and
customs from being abandoned.
我们都很欣赏这个古老城镇保护它的古老文化与习俗的方式。
Unit 5 Working the Land
【话题词汇】
cial adj. 有好处的
h v. (使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复
l adj. 有伤害的
adj. 味道好的
vt. 减少,缩减
vt. 招待(顾客等),服务
then v. 增强
adj. 严重的;(疾病)急性的
ic adj. 过敏的
te n. 食欲,胃口
adj. 苦的,有苦味的
sed adj. 抑郁的,沮丧的
vt. 消化;领会
e n. 疾病
ious adj. 营养的
ous adj. 有毒的
【话题短语】
beneficial to 对……有益
to water and soil loss 导致水土流失
rich/abundant in 富含……
high/low in 含……高/低
ate food shortage 解决食物短缺
ecological environment 保护生态平衡
up one's body 增强某人的体质
t the natural balance of the environment
保护环境的生态平衡
healthy both physically and mentally
保持身心健康
p a healthy eating habit 养成健康的饮食习惯
【话题佳句】
single grain on your plate is the result of hard work.谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。
is widely believed that plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.
人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于健康。
'd better exercise regularly and have a healthy diet, which is the most
important way to help you stay away from an infection.
你最好经常锻炼并健康饮食,这是帮你远离感染的最重要的方法。
【话题练习】
long as you stop eating that much every day, you can lose some weight.
只要你每天不吃那么多,你就可以减一些体重了。
I were you, I would work out regularly and get into good eating habits in order
to keep healthy.
如果我是你,我会经常锻炼并养成良好的饮食习惯以保持健康。
联想拓展
不可数名词集锦
①progress 进步
②information 信息
③fun 乐趣;快乐
④luggage/baggage 行李
⑤advice 建议
⑥furniture 家具
后缀-hood名词集锦
①neighborhood 邻里
②childhood 童年
③brotherhood 手足之情
④adulthood 成年
⑤manhood 男子气概
⑥parenthood 父母身份,亲子关系
联想拓展
in+名词短语荟萃
①in advance 提前
②in turn 依次;反过来
③in person 亲自
④in return 作为回报
⑤in addition 此外,而且
⑥in fact 事实上
表示“聪明”的形容词荟萃
①smart 聪明的;机敏的
②gifted/talented 有才能的
③wise 明智的
④brilliant 杰出的
⑤intelligent 聪明的
⑥creative 富有创造力的
高频考点探究
1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于
【教材原句】
Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to
whom he has devoted his life.
事实上,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和农民一样,而他为千千万万中国农民奉
献了一生。
( (doing) sth. 把……献给(做)某事
devote oneself to=be devoted to 献身于;专心致志于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的;深爱的
devotion n. 奉献;关爱
【佳句背诵】
Volunteers came with the carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors
donated their spare time to helping others rebuilt.
志愿者们带来了一车车捐赠的衣服和玩具,邻居们用他们的空闲时间来帮助别人重建家园。
2.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服
【教材原句】
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平确信,答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. 使某人相信……
convince do sth. 说服某人做某事
(2)convincing adj. 有说服力的
convinced adj. 确信的;坚信的
be convinced of 相信……
be convinced (that)... (某人)相信……
(3)convincingly adv. 有说服力地, 令人信服地
【佳句背诵】
Only by presenting facts and reasoning things out can we convince people.
摆事实、讲道理, 才能让人服气。
3.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得【教材原句】
The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。
(1)make an 认为;假定
on the 假定……
(2)assume v. 假定;设想
assume sb./sth. to be 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is 一般认为……
assuming (that)... 假设/假定……
【佳句背诵】
It is universally assumed that global warming and climate change could cause
even more disasters in the future.
普遍认为全球变暖和气候的变化在将来会导致更多的灾难。
4.expand vt.&vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)
【教材原句】
This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.(课本P50)
这种杂交使农民的产量大大增加。
把……扩展/发展成……
发展成/扩大成……
细说(阐述)……
expansion n. 扩展;扩张;膨胀;扩大
【误区释疑】
expand vt.&vi.使变大;伸展
expend花费
【构词法】
ex-前缀:①表示向外;②表示前任;③表示加强的作用
eg:exit 出口 export 出口
exceed 超过,超出 extract 提取,抽出
【佳句背诵】
Our vocabulary expands through a wide range of reading.
我们的词汇量通过广泛的阅读而扩大。
5.alternative n.可供选择的事物;adj.可供替代的;非传统的
【教材原句】
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many
customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.
作为一种选择,一些农民转向有机农业,许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。
(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth.
别无选择只好做某事
(2)have the alternative of doing sth.
有做……的选择,可以做……
(3)there's but to do sth.
……别无选择只好做某事
(4)an ……的替代品
(5)alternatively adv. 要不,或者
【知识拓展】
“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式:
(1)have no choice but to do sth.
(2)can't do do sth.
(3)can do nothing but do sth.
【佳句背诵】
Anyhow,there is no alternative but to take measures to protect those ancient
buildings from any harm.
无论如何,除了采取措施保护这些古建筑免受任何伤害,别无选择。
6.be comprised of包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)
【教材原句】
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China
is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.
今天,据估计,中国大约60%的国内大米消费是由袁氏杂交水稻生产的。
【拓展延伸】
comprise v.组成;构成;包括;包含
“由……构成的”词组:
consist of (无被动语态), be composed of,
make up, be made up of, be formed of
【佳句背诵】
Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms.
生活不仅有阳光,而且还有风雨。
7.in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who
digest them.
这影响了生长在土地上的作物,进而影响消化它们的动物和人类。
【拓展延伸】
in one's turn 轮到某人;接着
by turns 轮流;依次
take turns doing/ 轮流做……
It is one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事
【误区释疑】
in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
in return 作为回报
【佳句背诵】
As we all know,all theories come from practice and in turn serve practice.
我们都知道,所有的理论都来自实践,反过来又服务于实践。
8.nowhere near 完全没有,远不及
【教材原句】
Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.
有机农业完全不能满足那样的需要。
nowhere near 完全没有,远不及,离……很远
go/get nowhere 没有结果,没有进展
get sb. nowhere 让某人毫无进展
in the middle of nowhere 在遥远偏僻处
out of/from nowhere 突然出现,突然发生
【佳句背诵】
I am nowhere near perfect, though, and I have a long way to go before becoming
fluent in English.
不过我距离完美的境界还远得很,要说一口流利的英语那还有很长一段路。
9.Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he
would retire to a life of leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
【句式分析】
引导的状语从句
given prep. 鉴于,考虑到
adj. 赠予的;沉溺的;规定的
providing that 如果,只是
10.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor
harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而,最让他担心的是,农民经常粮食歉收,有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
【典型例句】
What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深厚的爱。
【句式分析】
what是连接代词,引导的从句可以作主语、宾语或表语;what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
【误区释疑】
that引导名词性从句只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,无意义,在宾语从句中通常省略,但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略;what除引导从句外,还在从句中作成分,意为“所……的(东西)”,在含义上等于“名词+that”。
【佳句背诵】
[2018·北京卷]This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties
and hope for the best.
这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并寄予最大的希望。
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