音标-英语单词发音规则(超全)

英语单词发音规则

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母

a

在开音节中

在闭音节中

在开音节中

在闭音节中

在开音节中

在闭音节中

在开音节中

在闭音节中

在开音节中

在闭音节中

读 音

[ei]

[æ]

[i:]

[e]

[ai]

[i]

例 词

name plane Jane baby cake

bag dad hat map black back

he these me Chinese

bed let pen desk yes egg

bike fly drive time nice kite

fish big drink sit milk swim

e

i

o

[u] those close go hoe home no

[] clock not box shop sock

u

[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

[Λ]

bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue

ruler super

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

a在[w]音后面

读 音

[]

例 词

want what watch wash quality

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

find child light high

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

[α:]

i在-nd -ld和gh前

o在-st -ld前

o在m n v th前

[ai]

[ou] most postcard old cold

[Λ]

come monkey love mother

（英语单词发音规则表 第 1 页 共 7 页）

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母

a

读 音

[]

[i]

[]

[i]

[]/[i]

[ai]

[]

[u]

[]

[ju:]

例 词

China another woman breakfast

orange comrade village cabbage

hundred student open weekend

chicken pocket begin children

holiday beautiful family animal

exercise satellite

second tonight somebody welcome

also zero photo

autumn difficult

popular congratulation January

e

i

o

u

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence

February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ar

ar在[w]音后面

or

or在[w]音后面

er ir ur

读 音

[α:]

例 词

car farm dark sharpener

[:] warm quarter towards

[:] forty morning short

[:] word worker worse

[:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

（英语单词发音规则表 第 2 页 共 7 页）

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

are

ere

ire

ore

ure

读 音

[ε]

[i]

[ai]

[:]

[ju]

care dare hare

here mere

fire hire wire

more score before

pure cure

例 词

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。

例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ai/ay

air

al

al在f m前

au/aw

读 音

[ei]

[ε]

[]

[:l]

[α:]

[:]

[i:]

ea

[e]

[ei]

[i]

ear

[ε]

[:]

例 词

afraid rain wait day play

air hair chair pair repair

small ball talk wall all

always also salt almost

half calm

autumn daughter draw

teach easy cheap please

heavy bread sweater weather

break great

hear dear near clear year

bear pear wear swear

earth learn early

（英语单词发音规则表 第 3 页 共 7 页）

ee

eer

ei/ey

eu/ew在

j l r s后

ie/ei[s]音之后

oa

oar/oor

oi/oy

oo

[i:]

[i]

[ei]

[i:]

[ju:]

[u:]

[i:]

[u]

[:]

[i]

[u:]

[u]

[au]

jeep week green three

pioneer deer beer

eight neighbour they

either key

new few newspaper

flew brew jewelry

piece field receive

coat Joan boat goal

roar board door floor

noise point boy toilet

broom food tooth school

book look cook foot good

flower house count down

know row throw though

young country enough

group you soup

course your four

our hour ours

journey

fluid suicide tuition

juice fruit suit

ou/ow

[u]

[Λ]

[u:]

[:]

our

[au]

[:]

ui

在j l r s后

[ju:i]

[u:]

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

ai/ay ei/ey

ow

读 音

[i]

[u]

例 词

Sunday foreign monkey

yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。

例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

-sion -tion

-sion在元音字母后

[n]

[n]

impression nation

vision decision occasion

（英语单词发音规则表 第 4 页 共 7 页）

-tion在s后

-sten

-stle

-sure

-ture

[n]

[sn]

[sl]

[]

[]

question suggestion

listen

whistle

pleasure measure

picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如：

everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组

b

c

c在e前或在i/y前

读 音

[b]

[/]

[k]

[s]

[]

ch

[k]

[]

-ck

d

[k]

[d]

例 词

bike bus bag

bomb tomb

cake picture coat music

face decide cinema

much chick rich teacher

school headache chemistry

machine

cock pocket black knock

doctor bread hand day

（英语单词发音规则表 第 5 页 共 7 页）

-dge

dr-

f

g

g在e i/y前

gh

gu- -gue

gu在非重读音节中

h

j

k

kn-

l

m

-mn

n

n在[k] [g]音前

-ng

p

ph

q

qu-

r

s在词首或清辅音前

元音字母间或浊辅音前

sc-

sh

[]

[dr]

[f]

[]

[]

[f]

[/]

[]

[w]

[h]

[/]

[]

[k]

[n]

[l]

[m]

[m]

[n]

[]

[]

[p]

[f]

[k]

[kw]

[r]

[s]

[z]

[sk]

[s]

[]

bridge fridge

children driver drink

five four breakfast

bag garden go

orange large German

cough enough

light daughter high

guess league dialogue

language anguish

hot head house hand

hour honest

jeep jar joke join July

kind bike skate make week

knife know knock

life milk school tall

monkey come autumn

autumn column solemn

not shine ten note

uncle thank hungry

morning young wrong

paper plane pig ship pen

elephant photo telephone

Iraq

quality quite

red rubber ruler

sit sleep desk

music husband

scarlet

muscle science

she fish shirt wash

（英语单词发音规则表 第 6 页 共 7 页）

t在通常情况下

在弱读字母ia ie io前

tch

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

在词尾-the -ther中

tr-

v

w

wh-

wh-在字母o前

x

在重读元音前

wr-

y-

z

[t]

[]

[]

[θ]

[]

[]

[tr]

[v]

[w]

[/]

[w]

[h]

[ks]

[gz]

[r]

[j]

[z]

ten letter meet

patient nation

watch

thin thirty method

the these with than

clothe fathe r weather

tree train country truck

very voice love leave

week win wake sweet wait

Answer two

what when white why

who whose whole

box text exercise

example exist exact

write

yes yard yellow young

puzzle zero zoo

（英语单词发音规则表 第 7 页 共 7 页）