儒家文化的家庭伦理观念对当代社会的意义

儒家文化中的家庭伦理观念与当代中国社会

（伦理：ethics）

一、 儒家文化中的家庭伦理观念

在长达数千年的中国社会里,儒家思想一直是中国传统文化的思想主流,儒家思想对中国文化的发展有着广泛而且深刻的影响.而儒家思想的核心就是——家庭伦理观念，其中最显著的表现便是孝。

家庭是一个社会群体中的最小组成单位，几千年的家庭发展史蕴含了大量的有益的道德观念思想，它是中国传统道德观念的重要组成部分。家庭道德观念与每个生活在社会上的人密切相关，它直接影响着人们的日常行为，甚至是社会规范。与这一现实相适应，儒家在其社会思想推广中,将家庭的道德观放在了十分重要的位置.在儒家的文化中对于家庭道德主要强调了一种义务型的伦理,最主要的表现形式就是父慈子孝。孔子的思想体系中，“孝"的思想更是其家庭观的主流。

儒家认为“孝亲尊师"是做人的根本

“身体发肤，受之父母.”“天地之行人为贵，人之行莫大于孝”父母是生于我们的恩人,要知恩图报.凡为人子，孝当竭力，夙兴温请，这是天之经地之义而民之用。所以孝是动物天性的光明，人间永恒之真理。

孝在于孔子的家庭思想观中主要表现为四个方面：

1、孝立于礼

孝则是礼的体现。从中可以看出孔子对孝的解释，就是不违背父母的意愿（“无违”),具体说就是“父母健在的时候,要按照礼仪早晚问候,于父母左右奉养。父母去世的时候，丧葬的礼仪也一定要遵守.祭祀父母的时候，也都要符合礼数。”这种礼就要求对待自己的父母一定要符合一定的规范

（三）、孝立于心——敬

赡养父母要抱着敬重的心情，要有既愉悦又敬重的表情。没有这些，即使是形式上做到了，也不能看作孝。所以对待父母仅仅能养是不够的，还要“敬”。以“敬"字加于生活之中，不仅使父母感到生活有依靠、有安全感而且还收到了尊敬

(四)、孝成于慈

“孝"是儿女对父母而言的,而“慈”是父母相对儿女而言的。“慈”是孔子的家庭伦理范畴之一，是指父母爱儿女的感情。孔子提倡孝慈，即子女对父母的孝敬，父母对儿女的慈爱。

父慈子孝 （拆字：老人——孩子）

中国传统的社会是以男性为中心，是“父权社会”，父子关系是家庭的核心。儒家强调“父慈子孝”，就是要父母对子女慈爱（kind ；love）.子女小时候要服从父母的命令，等父母老了以后，子女应当照顾父母、满足父母的物质生活需要。在传统的社会中,“父慈子孝”更多地强调后者，即“子孝”,即使父母对子女不慈爱，经常打骂,子女也应当孝敬父母.孔子在强调“孝"的同时，还提出子女对父母要“敬"(respect），要“顺”（ obey; yield to），不能违背父母的意愿。

1、 夫义(righteous)妻顺

“夫义妻顺”，就是说，丈夫的做法要合乎道义（follow the moral principle），妻子要尊敬丈夫，服从丈夫的命令。

悌

“悌"就是，弟弟要尊敬、顺从哥哥.“长兄为父"，如果父亲去世了，最大的哥哥可以代替父亲管理弟弟妹妹。

传统的儒家文化的家庭伦理观念，在当代中国的家庭中，很多已经不再有约束力了。

1、 父子关系的变化

儒家的孝、悌观念,也包含着很强的责任感，强调子女对父母的孝敬责任，哥哥对弟弟的照顾责任，这种责任其实也是一种义务,值得我们今天的人借鉴。

孔子的孝道思想适应了时代发展的潮流,为中华民族的文明发展作出了重要的贡献。

儒家思想是中国传统中最值得珍惜的传统。它并非仅存在于吾人心灵之外的典籍,更存在于每个中国人内心的观念和价值。这珍贵的传统从未与时代脱节，且处处预示了每个时代的时代性。因此，我们应当将儒家思想与现代社会生活紧密相连，开创一条富有中国特色的入学社会主义道路，使儒家思想在现代社会的脉络中获得张举，进而成为现代文化中的活力，永续他的光辉传统.

当今社会利益冲突、物质泛滥，人们对于自身的关怀和对他人的仁爱观念越

来越淡，很多中国传统的思想美德流于形式，甚至逐渐沦丧，但孝的思想一直就被奉为做人最基本的原则和礼仪并且为广大国人寻找一个可以安身立命的思想源头。同时，孔子的“孝"的思想进一步完善了孔子家庭观的道德体系，为中华民族家庭道德的发展做出了开创性的贡献。这种“孝"的思想一直受到后世的接受和认可，为家庭关系的良性发展制订了明确的道德规范,并成为了中华民族的传世美德，值得我们继续发扬。

In the long history of China, Confucianism has always been

the capital idea of Chinese traditional culture。 Confucianism

had a great influence on development of China， especially the

ethics ideas. And the most obvious view of ethics is piety. My

family is such an influenced family.

Family is the smallest unit in society. Thousands of years，

the development of the history of family contained a lot of ideas

about ideological morality which can be beneficial to us. These

ideological moralities also can be one of the important parts of

Chinese traditional morality ideas. Family morality is closely

related to everyone who lives in society。 It can influence

human’s everyday actions. Further more, these moralities are the

rules for society. To suitable for the reality, Confucianism puts

the family ideological morality in a really important place in

popularizing its social ideas. Confucianism emphasizes such

kind of family morality named obligation ethics。 And the most

important pattern of manifestation is kind father and filial child。

Confucius thought that filial piety is the root of human,

filial piety is the most important of our value. There are many old

sayings asking people to respect parents. “Your skin， you hair

and your body， all come from your parents。" “Pedestrian for

you of heaven and earth, and people visit to a great deal on filial

piety。" Our parents give birth to us， and raise us until we grow

up. Parents are our benefactor, so we should pay it back。 It’s an

unquestionable moral truth。 So filial piety is the nature of

creatures, and the eternal truth.

The piety in Confucius’ family morality can be described

into 3 point：

First， piety based on the li。

Piety reflects li。 Confucius explained piety as “not

disobey”。 It means we can’t disobey our parents。 Speaking in

details， we should greet to our parents at morning and night; we

should take care of our parents; even when our parents passed by,

we still keep manner and follow the rule of li。

Second， piety based on heart。

It means we should respect our parents. If we look after our

parents when they become old， but we don’t respect them， that

can’t be called piety。

Third, piety ends on kind。

Piety is the reflection from children to parents. Parents to

children， needs kind love.

My father always teaches me something about piety，

about ethics. When I was a child, my parents should give me

kind love. And I should listen to my parents, obey their

command. When I grew up， I should take care of my parents

like they did， and give them what they wanted as much as

possible. We should respect our parents， too。 That’s called

“kind father and filial child”.

My father also teaches me， I should respect my husband

when I get married. And when I become the mother, I should

teach my child this idea, so that my child can know how to treat

parents and spouse。

I am the only child in my family, but my father treated me

strict. He wanted me to understand how to get along with

others。 He taught me to be a polite and nice person。 He

always said that if I had a brother or a sister， I should respect

them like parents. There was an old saying， “The oldest brother

can be father.”

However, traditional ethics was not such influential anymore.

For example， the relationship between parents and child had

been changed。 In the ancient time, parents gave children kind

love， and children respect parents。 But now， because many

families only have one child， so parents give all their love to

child, child can be spoiled。 And child doesn’t respect their

parents.

But we can still find some good things from Confucianism

for today’s life. The concept of piety and respect to parents and

siblings contains great sense of responsibility; we should keep

and develop it.

The idea about piety of Confucianism just followed the

development of society。 And it has made a great influence for

the development of Chinese civilization.

We can say that Confucianism is the most cherished tradition

in the long history. It is not only exist outside our heart， it also

in our inner mind appeared from our concept and value。 This

precious tradition never comes apart from the era, it follows the

step of development of society closely。 It can be the most

important mark in time. So we should link Confucianism to our

daily life very close to open up a new and special way for

Chinese socialism。 We should develop it as the most creative

part in modern civilization。

Conflicts of interest and substance abuse in today’s society，

people pay less and less attention to their care and kindness to

others。 Many traditional Chinese virtues just have forms not

have actual meaning， even gradually decline. But thoughts of

filial piety have been regarded as human's the most basic

principles and etiquette， and they are also the original source

for the majority of people looking for someone to settle down。

Meanwhile, "filial piety” of Confucius， has made a further

improvement of the system of morality of Confucius ' family, it

has made pioneering contributions to the development of family

morality for the Chinese nation。 This kind of ”filial piety”

ideas have been accepted and recognized by later generations,

for the benign development of family relationships， it has

developed a clear code of ethics， and became the ancient

virtues of the Chinese nation. We should continue to develop it.