大学英语六级翻译(四)

文房四宝

文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study)是中国书法传统书写工具的统称，包括笔、墨、纸、砚(ink stone)。“文房”指的是学者的书房。除了这四宝，书房里的工具还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、腕托、笔洗、墨块(ink pad)，这些都是书房必备品。唐宋是书法的繁荣时期，当时著名的生厂商制造的经典文房四宝被后世学者高度赞扬。中国传统文化及艺术的发明和发展与文房四宝密切相关。在某种程度上，文房四宝代表了中国传统文化的重要元素。

The Four Treasures of the Study,is a general name of the traditional writing

tools of Chinese calligraphy, including writing brush, ink, paper and ink stone. The

name of Wen fang refers to a scholar's study. Besides these four treasures, tools

used in the study also include brush pots, brush rack,ink box, wrist-rest, brush

washer and ink pad, all of which are necessities of the study. Classical products of

the Four Treasures of the Study made by famous producers during the Tang and

Song Dynasties, when styles of writing were very prosperous, were highly praised

by later invention and development of China's traditional culture and

art are closely related to the Four Treasures of the to some extent,the

Four Treasures of the Study represents an important element of traditional Chinese

culture.

1.“文房”指的是:其中“指的是”译为refer to。“文房”用汉语拼音Wen fang表示即可。

2.除了…还有:此处可用besides或in addition to表达，而不用except，因为except表示“除去不计,不包括…在内”。

3.经典:可译为classical。classical products意为“经典产品”。

4.和…密切相关:可译为be closely related to…

5.在某种程度上:可译为短语to some extent或in some degree。

兵马俑

兵马俑(the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses)是秦始皇陵墓(mausoleum)的一部分，也是20世纪世界考古(archaeological)史上最伟大的发现之一。兵马俑是秦始皇为了死后能继续统治王国而建造的，在1974年被西安当地的农民发现。真人一样大小的兵俑按战斗队形排列，依据不同的等级，他们的身高、制服和发型都不相同。他们生动、逼真的形象，显示了工匠们极高的雕刻水平。兵马俑是世界上最大的地下军事博物馆，于1987年被列入世界文化遗产，并被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”。

The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, a part of QinShi Huang's mausoleum, is

one of the significant findings in the world archaeological history of the twentieth

century. It was constructed for Qin ShiHuang to rule the empire in his afterlife and

discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Xi'an. Varying in height, uniform and

hairstyle in accordance with rank, the life-sized terra-cotta warriors are arranged in

battle formation. The vivid and life-like images reflect the high engraving level of

craftsmen. The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, the largest underground military

museum, was listed as the World Cultural Heritages and honored as "The Eighth

Wonder of the World" in 1987.

1.第一个句子中主语是“兵马俑”，后面出现两个并列分句“是…”和“也是…”翻译时可将“秦始皇陵墓的一部分”译作apart of Qin Shi Huang’s mausoleum，放在主语之后，作为主语The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses的同位语，使句子更紧凑。

2.第二句由两个分句构成，主语都是兵马俑。第一个分句中兵马俑是“建造”的对象，所以要用被动语态;而第二个分句的“被…发现”同样提示需用被动语态。因此，用连词and连接两个并列的谓语即可。

3.第三句中的“他们的身高、服装和发型都不相同”可使用现在分词短语varying in

height…作状语，置于句首，使译文简洁有层次。

4.最后一句较长，主语是“兵马俑”，后面跟着三个并列分句，“是…”、“被列入…”和“并被誉为…”翻译时可以将“世界上最大的地下军事博物馆”放在主语之后，作为主语的同位语，后面两个分句用and连接，使句子更紧凑。

家中度假

家中度假(staycation)是指一个人或一家人待在家里休息，或者在离家不远的景点游览的一段时光。人们在家中度假的原因很多，如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小。对于大多数中国人来说。节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵(congestion)，是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因。常见的家中度假活动包括在家里招待朋友、游览当地的公园和博物馆，或参与当地一些节日活动等。家中度假也可以丰富多彩，它将成为一种新的度假趋势。

A staycation refers to a period in which an individual or a family stays at home

for relaxing or takes trips to nearby tourist are various reasons for

people to take a staycation,like tight family budgets,rising travel costs or having

very young the majority of Chinese people,overcrowded tourist

sites,congestion on expressways and city roads during holidays are the two major

factors contributing to their activities of a staycation include

entertaining friends at home,visiting local parks and museums,and attending local

festival celebrations. A staycation can be rich and colorful,and it will become a now

trend for vacation.

1.第一句话中的主干结构为“家中度假是指…一段时光”，因为定语过长，可将定语处理成which引导的定语从句。

2. “如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升，或者孩子太小”具体列举人们在家中度假的原因，翻译“紧张”、“攀升”和“太小”时可采用“形容词+名词”的结构，即like tight

family budgets, rising travel costs or having very young kids，比较符合英文表达习惯。

3.在“节假日期间景区人山人海，高速公路、城市道路拥堵，是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因”一句中，“景区人山人海”和“高速公路、城市道路拥堵”都是主谓短语，可理解成“人山人海的景区”和“拥堵的高速公路、 城市道路”分别译作overcrowded tourist

sites和congestion on expressways and city roads，符合英文中多用名词表达的语言特点。

4.最后一句由两个分句组成，可译为两个并列句，用连接间and连接。

中国的民族

中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家，中国共有56个民族，总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族，约占全国人口的92%，主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散，主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系，强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。

China is noted for its dense population and vast territory. As a multinational

country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about1.4

Han Nationality is the majority, accounting for 92% of the total

population, which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China; while the

ethnic minorities dwell extensively all over China,distributing mainly in the

southwest, the northwest and the of the minority ethnic groups has

a distinctive character, long traditional culture and unique e

government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united ethnic

relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic

groups.

1.第二句的主干结构是“中国共有56个民族”，可理解成“中国是56个民族的家”，因此“有”译为is home to，充分表达了中国是一个大家庭的意思。“总人口约14亿人”用介词短语with a total population of about 1.4 billion表达，句子更加简洁精炼。

2.第三句“汉族是…东部和中部”可把“汉族是中华民族的主体民族”作为主句：“约占全国人口的92%”使用现在分词短语作状语，即accounting for 92% of the total

population：“主要分布在东部和中部”则使which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。

3.第四句“而其他少数民族居住…，同样讲民族的分布，可用连词while与上一句连接，中间用分号隔开，从而使汉族与少数民族的分布形成对比。这里的”主要分布在…“可使用现在分词短语作状语，译为distributing mainly in…。

4.翻译最后一句时可把“中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系”作为句子主干，谓语动词“一直提倡和发展”可使用现在完成进行时态，说明政策的延续性。“强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣”则使用现在分词短语作状语highlighting…，对主句作进一步补充说明。

北京大学

北京大学于1898年成立，原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天，国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位，学校已做出很大努力。此外，学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。

Originally known as the Imperial University of Peking, Peking University was

established in1898. The establishment of the University marked the beginning of

higher education in China's modern modern history of China, it was a

center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of China's New

Culture Movement, the May Fourth Movement and many other significant

, Peking University was placed by many domestic university rankings

amongst the top universities in China. The university lays emphasis on both

teaching,and scientific has made great efforts to improve the

undergraduate and graduate education,and maintain its role as a leading research

institution. In addition,the University is especially renowned for its campus

environment and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.

1.表示某事物的成立，需用被动语态：“原名京师大学堂”即最初的名字，可译为and its

original name was…;也可与前面句子共用主语Peking University，译为was originally

known as…，但这两种处理方法都不如将其处理为过去分词短语originally known as…来得简洁地道。

2.注意第二句中“中国近代史”的译法，“近代史”通常译为modern history.“现代史”则译为contemporary history.“标志着…的开始”可以套用mark the beginning of…句型表达。注意，不要一看到“标志”就翻译为symbolize，该词一般指“某事物的象征意义”，用于此不合适。

3.第三句中的“对…的发生颇有影响”的中心词是“有影响”(was influential)，“对…的发生”表明产生影响的方面，用介词in.“发生”在此处强调的是状态，而不是动作，因此用in the birth of表达。

舞狮

舞狮(lion dance)是一种由一人或两人身披狮型服装(lioncostume)进行表演的民间表演艺术。据记载，舞狮有两千多年的悠久历史，在唐朝时被引入皇室，成为皇室的娱乐项目。舞狮最注重的是技巧，舞狮者要以夸张的方式模仿狮子的各种表情和动作。经过几千年的发展，舞狮已经在各地形成了不同的表演特色。在中国的传统风俗中，狮子是一种可以去除灾难、带来幸运的吉祥物(mascot)。因此，每逢节日或隆重的庆典，人们都以舞狮来营造欢乐和热闹的气氛。

Lion dance is a folk performing art performed by one or two persons in lion

costumes. According to records, the dance, with a long history of more than 2,000

years, was introduced to the royal family as a form of entertainment during Tang

Dynasty. Skill is given top priority in performing the lion dance and performers are

required to imitate various expressions and movements of lions in an exaggerated

way. After thousands years of development, diverse performing characteristics in

different regions have been formed. In the traditional Chinese custom the lion is

regarded as a mascot that wards off misfortunes and brings good luck. Therefore,

during festivals and grand ceremonies, people would perform lion dance to create

a happy and exciting atmosphere.

1.第一句较长，可先提炼其“舞狮是一种民间表演艺术”，译为Lion dance is a folk

performing art：“由一人或两人身披狮型服装进行表演的”可译为过去分词短语作定语。

2.第二句可将“舞狮在唐朝时被引入皇室，成为皇室的娱乐项目”处理为主句。“有两千多年的悠久历史”可译为with a long history of…，作为插入语，放在主语之后。

3.第三句“舞狮最注重的是…”包含两短句，使用and连接的并列结构;翻译时可采用被动语态，即skill is given top priority in…and performers are required to……。

4.倒数第二句中“狮子是一种…”，隐含狮子在人们心中的形象，译为is regarded as…比译成is，表达更加地道。

北京胡同

人们说，真正的北京文化是胡同(hutong)和四合院(quadrangle courtyard)文化。它们比髙楼大吸引的海内外游客更多。现在，胡同已经成为北京文化的代表，因此对于想了解当地的历史文化的人来说，胡同是首选。胡同是蒙古词，意思是“水井”。在元朝，蒙古人髙度重视水，所以几乎每一个城市社区都围绕一口井设计。直到今天，人们仍然可以在胡同中找到枯井。每条小巷中都有故亊。在古代，它们的名宇是口口相传的，胡同里没有路标(signpost)。直到明、清两代，胡同的名字才逐渐被书写下来。

People say that the real culture of Beijing is the culture of hutong and

quadrangle courtyards. They attract more tourists from home and abroad than the

high-rise buildings and large hutongs have become representatives

of Beijing's culture; thus it is the first choice for people who would like to learn

about the local history and culture. Hutong is a Mongolian word meaning “well”.In

the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolians attached great importance to water, so almost every

community in the city was designed around a now, one can still find dry

wells in hutongs. Where there is such a lane, there is a story. In ancient times,the

names of them were passed from mouth to mouth among people;there were no

signposts in was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that the names

of hutongs were written down gradually.

1.四合院：可译为quadrangle courtyard，也可以用courtyard house或者courtyard表达。

2.高楼大厦：此处可译为the high-rise buildings and large mansions，即“高层建筑和大厦”。

3.成为……的代表：可译为become representatives of.

4.首选：可译为first choice，而best choice则意为“最佳选择”。

5.高度重视：可译为attach great importance to.其中importance也可以用much修饰。

6.每条小巷中都有故亊：可译为Where there is such a lane，there is a story.地道，又与众不同。

深圳

深圳是中国改革开放以来的第一个经济特区，是中国改革开放的窗口，已发展为具有一定影响力的国际化城市。它也是南方重要的髙新技术研发和制造基地。深圳有辽阔的海域连接南海和太平洋。深圳毗邻香港，而且是中国最繁忙的集装箱港口 (container port)之一。世界之窗是深圳的一个大型旅游景区。这里有世界上许多著名景观的复制品，如埃及的金塔、意大利的比萨斜塔(Leaning Tower of Pisa)、北美的尼亚加拉潘布(Niagara Falls)等。

Shenzhen is China's first Special Economic Zone since reform and opening up.

It is the window of China's reform and opening up and has developed into an

international city with certain influence. It is also the important high-tech research

and development and manufacturing base in South China. Shenzhen has a vast sea

area which connects the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Shenzhen is

adjacent to Hong Kong and it is one of the busiest container ports in China.

Window of the World is one of the major tourist attractions in Shenzhen. There are

many famous miniature landscapes of the world; such as the pyramids of Egypt,the

Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, Niagara Falls in North America and so on.

1.改革开放以来：“……以来”译为since…，即since reform and opening up.

2.高新技术研发和制造基地：可译为high-tech research and development and

manufacturing base.

3.南方：翻译时要采用增译法，译为South China，便于读者理解。

4.深圳有辽阔的海域连接南海和太平洋：可用定语从句形式来翻译，译为Shenzhen has

a vast sea area which connects the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

5.深圳毗邻香港：即Shenzhen is adjacent to Hong Kong.其中“毗邻”可译为be

adjacent to.

6.大型旅游景区：可译为major tourist attraction.

上海

上海位于长江入海口(river mouth),是中国最大的城市，同时也是一座历史文化名城和著名的旅游城市。上海是中国最大的经济中心，是全国最重要的工业基地，也是重要的贸易、金融和文化中心。上海港是世界第三大港。东方明珠电视塔(Oriental Pearl TV Tower)是上海的标志性建筑，矗立立在黄浦江边，塔髙468米， 是目前世界第三、亚洲第一髙塔。外滩(The Bund)是上海最著名的旅游景点之—，其建筑风格多样，有古今，有中外，享有“万国建筑博览会”之称。

Located in the river mouth of the Yangtze River, Shanghai is China's largest city

and a famous historical, cultural and tourist city. It is China's largest economic

center, the most important national industrial base, and an important center of

trade,finance and culture as well. Shanghai is the world's third largest port. The

Oriental Pearl TV Tower is a landmark in Shanghai. It stands along the Huangpu

River, with a height of 468meters, and it is the world's third highest and Asia's

highest tower. The Bund is one of Shanghai's most famous tourist attractions. The

architectural style there is diverse, both ancient and modern, home and abroad,

thus making the Bund enjoy the title of the "exhibition of the world's architecture".

1.位于长江入海口：可译为located in the river mouth of the Yangtze River.

2.上海是中国最大的经济中心，是全国最重要的工业基地，也是重要的贸易、金融和文化中心：三个分句之间是并列关系，译成英语时也相应地译为并列句。

3.世界第三、亚洲第一高塔：可译为the world's third highest and Asia's highest

tower.

4.旅游景点：可译为tourist attraction.

5.有古今，有中外：可译为both ancient and modern，home and abroad.

6.万国建筑博览会：可译为exhibition of the world's architecture.

香港

香港是一座世界级城市，全球重要的国际金融、服务业及航运中心，并且以廉洁社会、优良治安、经济自由及法律制度完备而闻名于世。香港是自由港，被称为“购物天堂”，是购物人士喜欢去的地方，绝大多数的货品没有关税(tariff),世界各地的物资都运到香港销售，有些比原产地还便宜。著名景点海洋公园(Ocean Park)是一座亚洲最大的、具有现代设施和多种娱乐项目的海洋博物馆。香港迪士尼乐园(HongKong Disneyland)的特色景点和经典童话人物深深吸引着各地的游客。

Hong Kong is a world-class is the world's leading center of international

finance, service industry and shipping. It is famous for a corruption-free society,

good law and order, economic freedom and complete legal system. Hong Kong is a

free port, and is called the “shopping paradise”where purchasers like to go

shopping, because the vast majority of goods in Hong Kong are free from tariffs.

Worldwide supplies are shipped to Hong Kong for sale, and some goods are even

cheaper than those in the original place. The famous scenic spot Ocean Park is

Asia's largest maritime museum with modern facilities and a variety of

entertainment activities. Distinct scenic spots and classic fairy tale characters in

Hong Kong Disneyland deeply attract tourists around the world.

1.全球重要的国际金融、服务业及航运中心：本句的关键词是“中心”，这类罗列型的句子一般用of结构来翻译。

2.原产地：可译为original place，这里的original意为“原始的，最初的”。original是翻译时的常用词，还有“独创的，新颖的”之意，例如，original style独特的风格，original

idea别出心裁的主意。

3.著名景点海洋公园是一座亚洲最大的、具有现代设施和多种娱乐项目的海洋博物馆：这句的修饰语很长，这样的句子翻译时要合理安排句子结构，避免一味罗列。

4.特色景点和经典童话人物：可译为distinct scenic spots and classic fairy tale

characters.

西双版纳

西双版纳与老挝(Laos)、緬甸(Myanmar)相连，邻近泰国和越南(Vietnam), 与泰国的直线距离仅20公里。西双版纳具有非常独特的亚热带风光，而且动植物资源非常丰富，素有“植物王国”、“动物王国”、“药材王国”的美称。西双版纳的意思是“理想而神奇的乐土”，这里以神奇的热带雨林自然最观和少数民族风情而闻名于世，是中国的热点旅游城市之一。每年的泼水节(the Water-Sprinkling Festival)于4月13日至15日举行，吸引了众多国内外的游客。

Xishuangbanna adjoins Laos and Myanmar and is close to Thailand and

Vietnam. The straight-line distance from Xishuangbanna to Thailand is only more

than 200 kilometers. Xishuangbanna has very unique subtropical scenery, and it is

also rather rich in flora and fauna, thus enjoying the reputation of “Kingdom of

Plants' “Kingdom of Animals" and “Kingdom of Medicine". Xishuangbanna means

“an ideal and magical paradise”. It is famous for natural landscapes of the magical

rainforest and customs of national is one of China's hot tourist

annual Water-Sprinkling Festival lasting from April 13th to 15th attracts

many tourists home and abroad.

1.句中“与...相连”、“邻近...”和“与...的直线距离”可分别译为adjoin,be close to和the straight-line distance from。

2.西双版纳具有非常独特的亚热带风光，而且动植物资源非常丰富，素有“植物王国”、“动物王国”、“药材王国”的美称:翻译该句时，可将前两个分句译成并列的形式，而第三个分句则用现在分词形式表示，作全句的状语。

3.以...闻名于世：可译为be famous for。

4.热点旅游城市：可译为hot tourist city。

承德避暑山庄

承德避暑山庄(the Chengde Mountain Resort)是淸代皇帝避暑和处理政务的场所。它的最大特色是山中有园，园中有山。避暑山庄宫殿区位于湖泊南岸，地形(terrain)平坦，是皇帝处理朝政、举行庆典和生活起居的地方。整个山庄东南多水，西北多山，是中国自然地貌的缩影(microcosm)。山庄整体布局巧用地形，与其他园林相比，有其独特的风格。山庄的建筑既具有南方园林的特点，又多沿袭北方常用的手法，成为南北建筑艺术完美结合的典范。

The Chengde Mountain Resort was a place for emperors in the Qing Dynasty to

spend the summer time and deal with the administrative most prominent

feature is the gardens and mountains embodying each palace area of the

Mountain Resort is located at the south of the lake on flat emperor lived,

handled state affairs and held celebrations Mountain Resort is a microcosm

of China's natural landscape,with a great deal of water as in southeast China, and a

great number of mountains as in northwest overall layout of the Mountain

Resort makes good use of the terrain, and has its unique style compared with other

Chinese architectural style of the Mountain Resort not only draws some

features from southern gardens but also follows some common practices of northern

architecture, modeling a perfect combination of southern and northern architectural

art.

1.避暑和处理政务：其中“避暑”可理解为“度过夏天”，故译为spend the summer time：“处理政务”译为deal with administrative affairs.

2.山中有园，园中有山：可译为the gardens and mountains embodying each other.

3.举行庆典：可译为hold celebrations.

4.整个山庄东南多水，西北多山，是中国自然地貌的缩影：此处主句为“山庄是中国自然地貌的缩影”，可译为The Mountain Resort is a microcosm of China's natural landscape…“东南多水，西北多山”可作伴随状语，译为with引导的复合结构，即with a great deal of water

as in southeast China，and a great number of mountains as in northwest China.

5.巧用地形：其中“巧用”即“充分利用”，可译为make good use of.

6.与其他园林相比，有其独特的风格：可译为has its unique style compared with other

Chinese gardens.其中“compared”为过去分词作状语。

7.具有南方园林的特点：即“源自南方园林的特点”，译为some features from.

8.沿袭北方常用的手法：其中“沿袭”可译为follow;“常用的手法”可译为common practice.

9.成为南北建筑艺术完美结合的典范：其中“…的完美结合”可用a perfect combination

of…表达。

中国四大发明

中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术，它们是中国在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。第一个指南针产生于战国时期(the Warring States Period)，是利用天然磁石(natural magnet)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。火药发明于隋唐时期，主要应用于军事领域，造纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进，使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。印刷术，又称活字印刷术，大大促进了文化的传播。四大发明对世界经济的发展和人类文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献。

Four great inventions of China include the compass,gun powder,the

paper-making technique and the printing are one of the marks that

China occupies an important position in the history of human first

compass was invented during the Warring States was a simple device

employing natural magnets to identify der was invented in Sui

and Tang Dynasties and was mainly used in military paper-making

technique was developed by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty,making paper a

commonly used writing Printing technique,also called movable type

printing,promoted the spread of culture four great inventions of

China made tremendous contribution to the development of the world's economy

and the progress of the culture of mankind.

1.第二句的主干是“它们是标志之一”，“标志(mark)”的定语很长，可用that引导的定语从句来修饰。

2.第三句“第一个指南针…”较长，可拆译为两个句子，前一句说明指南针产生的时间，后一句说明指南针的原理。“利用磁石来辨别方位的一种简单仪器”先译出主干“它是一种简单仪器”，再将长定语处理为现在分词短语employing……作后置定语。

3.第五句“造纸术于东汉年间…”中的“由蔡伦改进”提示要使用被动语态，“使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料”是造纸术改进的结果，可译为现在分词短语making……作结果状语。

4.末句的主干为“四大发明做出了巨大贡献”，注意与contribution搭配的是介词to，因此to后接名词短语，说明是对哪方面的贡献。

幸运数字

幸运数字一直以来在中国的文化中扮演着重要的角色，在很多情况下是中国人需要考虑的因素。人们在挑选住宅楼层、电话号码或车牌号的时候，往往选择幸运数字。中国人认为偶数比奇数更加吉样(propitious)，例如,“2”代表“和谐”,“6”代表“顺利”。“8”则是中国人最受喜爱的数字，因为它与广东话(Cantonese)中的“发”是同音，意味着繁荣、财富和地位。北京奥运会开幕式时间选择在2008年8月8日晚8点，也不会是巧合吧。

Lucky numbers have always played an important role in Chinese culture. They

are considerations that need to be taken into account by the Chinese under lots of

selecting apartment floors,phone numbers or license plate

numbers,Chinese people tend to choose the lucky e people think

the even numbers are more propitious than the odd example,"2"

represents"harmony",while "6" represents "smooth going".And the number "8" is

the favorite number for the Chinese because the sound of "8" (ba) is identical to

"fa" in Cantonese,which means prosperity,wealth and opening ceremony

of Beijing Olympics started at 8 o'clock on August 8th, 2008,which could not have

been a coincidence.

1.首句较长，可考虑采用分译法。后一分句“在很多情况下是中国人需要考虑的因素”单独译为一句，增译主语they指代前面的“幸运数字”。“中国人需要考虑的”可处理为“因素(consideration)”的定语从句，即that need to betaken into account：“在很多情况下”under lots of circumstances则放在句末，这样符合英语表达习惯。

2.第二句“在挑选…的时候”可译为when引导的状语从句，由于主句和从句的主语一致，都是“人们”，因此时间状语部分可采用“when+现在分词短语”的形式，使句式更加简洁。

3.倒数第二句较长，可翻译为主从复合句。主句是：“8”是中国人最受喜爱的数字;从句是“因为它与…同音”，译为because引导的原因状语从句。“意味着繁荣、财富和地位”可处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句，说明“发”的象征意义。

4.末句中的“也不会是巧合”是对前半句的进一步解说，可处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句。“也不会是巧合”是对过去发生的事情的一种猜测，译为“couldn't+现在完成时态”的形式。

中国桥梁

中国的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史。中国古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料,形式多样，极富特色。中国现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥，位于河北省赵县。安济桥又名赵州桥，桥长50.82米，桥宽9米，为国家重点保护的文物(cultural relic)。清朝末年，兰州黄河铁桥建成，标志着中国桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土(concrete)为主要材料的时期。如今，中国的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录，中国跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列。

China boasts a long history in bridge wood and stone as the

major building materials, Chinese ancient bridges vary in forms and are highly

distinct. Constructed in the Sui Dynasty, Anji Bridge, which is located in Zhao

County, Hebei Province, is the oldest existing bridge in China. Anji Bridge, also

named Zhaozhou Bridge, is a key national protected cultural relic measuring a

length of 50.82 meters and a width of the late years of the Qing Dynasty,

Huanghe Iron Bridge in Lanzhou was completed,symbolizing that China's bridge

construction stepped into an era of adopting steel and concrete as the main

materials for , bearing many world records, China stands among world

giants in bridge construction.

1.第二句中的“以……为主要建筑材料”可处理为状语，用介词短语with……as the

major building materials表达，而“中国古代桥梁”宜译为“形式多样，极富特色”的主语，谓语部分“形式多样，极富特色”可处理为并列内容，用and连接，表达为vary in forms

and are highly distinct.

2.第三句“中国现存最古老的桥梁…位于河北省赵县”的定语较多，可以拆译成两句。首先译出主要结构Anji Bridge is the bridge，“现存最古老的”有两个形容词，英语中的比较级或最高级形容词通常在其他形容词之前，故译为oldest existing.“隋代建造的”可处理为过去分词短语constructed in the Sui Dynasty 或which引导的定语从句。

3.第四句的主干是“安济桥为国家重点保护的文物”，故把“又名赵州桥”处理为插入语also named…;将“桥长50.82米，桥宽9米”处理为伴随状态的状语，用分词短语measuring a length of…and a width of…译出。

4.倒数第二句中的“兰州黄河铁桥”与“建成”之间是被动关系，翻泽时需把“建成”译为被动式was completed.“标志着中国…”是结果，故可处理为状语，用现在分词短语symbolizing that…表达。定语“以钢铁和混凝土为主要材料的”较长，可处理为后置定语，用现在分词短语adopting…as the main materials 表达，也可用介词短语with…as the

main materials翻译。

长城

长城被称为中国的奇迹，拥有两千多年的历史。从空中俯瞰，它像一条长龙，从西向东蜿蜒前行，总长约6700公里。从春秋战国时期(the Spring and Autumn Period and

Warring States Period)起，各诸侯国开始修建城墙以保护边境。秦朝建立以后，秦始皇把这些城墙连接起来，成为长城。然而，当时的长城大都已经在战争中损毁，而现存的长城主要是明朝时修建的。长城最初是为了抵抗来自北方的侵略，如今已成为旅游胜地，吸引了来自世界各地的游客。有句谚语：“不到长城非好汉”，足以见证长城的雄伟壮观(grandeur)。

The Great Wall, with a history of more than 2,000 years, was regarded as a

wonder of abird's-eye view,it is just like a dragon winding itself from

west to east, stretching for approximately6,700 kilometers. Since the Spring and

Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,the walls had been put up to defend

the borders by the the founding of Qin Dynasty，Qin Shi Huang had

all the walls joined together to make "The Great Wall".While most of the walls were

ruined in wars,the majority of the Great Wall we see today was mainly built during

Ming Great Wall,originally built to resist the invasion from the

North,now has become a well-known place of interest,attracting tourists from all

over the a saying goes,"He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a

true man", which is evidence of its grandeur.

1.第二句中的“从西向东蜿蜓前行，总长约6700公里”，描述的主语都是“它”—长城，故用现在分词短语winding…stretching…作状语，对长城做进一步说明：“总长”可在stretch for后面直接用数字表示。

2.第三句中的“各诸侯国开始修建城墙以保护边境”可译为主动态the kingdoms had

built the walls to defend their borders，也可用the walls作主语，使用被动态来表达。

3.例数第二句中的“长城成为旅游胜地”可翻译为英文句的主干，“吸引了来自各界各地的游客”，用现在分词短语attracting…表伴随状况“最初是为了…”处理为过去分词originally built to…作目的状语。

4.最后一句话中，“有句谚语”可使用as a saying goes这一句型：“足以见…”是对谚语的补充说明，可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句。

中国菜

中国菜(cuisine)是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的统称，也指发源于中国的烹饪方式。中国菜历史悠久，流派(genre)众多，主要代表菜系有“八大菜系”。每一菜系因气候、地理、历史、烹饪技巧和生活方式的差异而风格各异。中国菜的调料(seasoning)丰富多样，调料的不同是形成地方特色菜的主要原因之一。中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳，味是菜肴的灵魂。中国饮食文化博大精深，作为世界三大菜系之一的中国菜，在海内外享有盛誉。

Chinese cuisine is a general term for the various foods from diverse regions

and ethnic groups of China. It also refers to cooking styles originating from China.

With a long history, Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, the main

representatives of which are "Eight Cuisines". Every cuisine is distinctive from one

another due to the differences in climate,geography, history, cooking techniques

and lifestyle. Chinese cuisine contains a rich variety of seasonings, which is one of

main factors contributing to different local special dishes. Chinese cuisine lays

emphasis on the perfect combination of color, flavor, and taste,and the soul of the

dishes in taste. Chinese cuisine culture is extensive and profound, and Chinese

cuisine, one of the Three World Cuisines,enjoys a reputation home and abroad.

1.第一句话的汉语由两个分句组成，句子较长，在译成英文时，可把它拆分成两句。“也指发源于中国的烹饪方式”可单独译成一句also refers to cooking styles originating

from China，这样可以更好的体现两句的并列关系。

2.第二句话由三个分句组成。翻译时将“中国菜流派众多”译为主句，“历史悠久”用with a history of…来表达，“主要代表菜系有…”则用非限制性定语从句表示。这样可以使译文结构紧凑，句式多样。

3.第三句中的“风格各异”可以用be distinctive from表达，比用have different styles更地道。

4.在“中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳”中，“色、香、味俱佳”的英文翻译并没有逐字的对应，因而增译了combination，把汉语中暗含的意思完整地表达出来。

中国制造

“中国制造”指在中国制造的商品所附的标签。由于中国有丰富的劳动力资源和原材料资源等优势，中国制造的产品物美价廉，受到世界各国的欢迎。中国的制造业迅速发展，“中国制造”已经成为一个在全球广受认可的标签。目前中国已经成为世界制造业的中心，被称为“世界工厂”。尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的，如今越来越多的中国公司致力于开创自己的品牌。希望实现从“中国制造”到“中国设计”的转变。

"Made in China" is a label attached to the products manufactured in China.

Owing to the advantages of rich labor resources and raw material resources in

China, products made in China are well-received in the world on account of their

competitive price and superior quality. "Made in China" has become a recognizable

label in the world today thanks to the rapid development of the manufacturing

industry in present, China has become the world's manufacturing center

and is named "World Workshop". Although globally a great number of electronic

products and shoes are made in China, all their designs are completed in European

and American countries. Nowadays a growing number of Chinese companies are

devoting themselves to establishing their own brands, hoping to be transformed

from "Made in China" into "Designed in China".

1.“由于中国有丰富的劳动力资源…”，可以使用owing to是“受到世界各国的欢迎”的原因，翻译时可以使用on account of引出理由，避免重复。

2.“中国的制造业迅速发展”与“中国制造”已经成为一个在全球广受认识的标签”是因果关系，为避免与前面表达原因的短语重复，可以使用短语thanks to…。

3.在“尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是中国制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的”中，“电子产品和鞋”是“制造”的受动者，“设计”是“完成”的受动者，故使用被动语态来翻译。

4.最后一句中“希望实现从‘中国制造’到‘中国设计’的转变”可使用现在分词作状语，译作hoping to be transformed from "Made in China" into "Designed in China"。“实现”一词可省略，把汉语原文中的名词“转变”译作动词transform，这样处理句子更简洁。

中国国家博物馆

中国国家博物馆(the National Museum of China)位于天安门广场东部和东长安街以南，在人民大会堂(the Great Hall of the People)对面。国家博物馆的前身是两个博物馆：中国历史博物馆和中国革命博物馆，二者均在一个建筑群中。国家博物馆和人民大会堂同时完工，都在中国10周岁国庆献礼的“十大建设”之列。中国历史博物馆主要呈现了三个重要时期的中国历史。中国革命博物馆重点关注过去150年的历史，特别是中国共产党的历史。国家博物馆经常更新，以反映现代政治史的发展。

The National Museum of China sits to the east of Tiananmen Square and south

of East Chang'an Street, opposite to the Great Hall of the People. The predecessors

of the National Museum are two museums the Museum of Chinese History and the

Museum of Chinese Revolution, which shared the same building complex. Finished

at the same time, The National Museum of China and The Great Hall of the People

were both among the "Ten Great Constructions" completed for the 10th birthday of

the PRC. The Museum of Chinese History displays three critical periods of Chinese

history. The Museum of Chinese Revolution focuses on the history of the past 150

years, in particular the history of the Communist Party of China. The National

Museum is frequently updated to reflect the developments of modern political

history.

1.位于：可译为sit to，还可译为lie to.

2.在……对面：可译为opposite to…

3……的前身：可译为the predecessor of…

4.二者均在一个建筑群中：可译为定语从句which shared the same building

complex.

5.过去150年的历史：可译为 the history of the past 150years.

6.特别是：可译为in particular，还可以用especially来表达。

东方明珠

东方明珠广播电视塔(the Oriental Pearl TV Tower)坐落于上海陆家嘴浦东园区。东方明珠东北是杨浦大桥，西南是南浦大桥，构成“二龙戏珠”的画面。这幅壮观的画面常年吸引着成千上万的游客。这座468米高的电视塔是世界上第三高的电视广播塔。整个电视塔建造在茂盛的绿草地上，像玉盘里的一颗珍珠一样闪闪发亮。这座超现代的电视塔将古老的概念，如球形的珍珠，和21世纪的技术、商业、娱乐、教育和会议设施相结合，真是很神奇。

Located in Pudong Park in Lujiazui, Shanghai, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower with

the Yangpu Bridge in the northeast and the Nanpu Bridge in the southwest, creates

a picture of "two dragons playing with a pearl”. This magnificent scene attracts

thousands of visitors all year long. This 468-meter-high tower is the world's third

highest TV and radio tower. The entire structure rests on rich green grassland and

gives the appearance of a pearl shining on a jade plate. It is amazing that this

ultra-modern TV tower combines ancient concepts such as the spherical pearls,

with technology, commerce, recreation, educational and conference facilities of the

21st century.

1.坐落于：即be located in，还可以用be situated in，这类词组在介绍位罝的文章中经常用到。

2.二龙戏珠：可译为two dragons playing with apearl.

3.这幅壮观的画面：可译为this magnificent scene.其中的magnificent还可以用spectacular，glorious，fabulous等词。

4.建造在茂盛的绿草地上：“茂盛的绿草地”即“富饶的绿草地”，故译为rest on rich

green grassland.

5.像玉盘里的珍珠：“像……”可以用give the appearance of…来表达，还可以用look

like或seem like表达，其后加名词，如果没有like则要加形容词。

6.将……与……相结合：可译为combine…with…