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oracle常用语句大全
以下是一些Oracle数据库中常用的SQL语句,涵盖了查询、插入、更新、删除、创建表等基本数据库操作。请注意,具体的语句可能因数据库结构和需求而有所不同。
查询数据:
查询所有数据:SELECT * FROM table_name;
条件查询:SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE
condition;
排序查询:SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name;
聚合函数(求和、平均值等):SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM
table_name;
分组查询:SELECT column1, COUNT(column2) FROM table_name
GROUP BY column1;
插入数据:
插入一行数据:INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2)
VALUES (value1, value2);
更新数据:
更新数据:UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE
condition;
删除数据:
删除数据:DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
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创建表:
创建表:CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype,
column2 datatype);
主键约束:CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype
PRIMARY KEY, column2 datatype);
修改表结构:
添加列:ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
修改列:ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name
datatype;
删除表:
删除表:DROP TABLE table_name;
索引:
创建索引:CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name
(column_name);
删除索引:DROP INDEX index_name;
连接表:
内连接:SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON
_name = _name;
外连接:SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON
_name = _name;
子查询:
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单行子查询:SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE
column_name = (SELECT column_name FROM another_table);
多行子查询:SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE
column_name IN (SELECT column_name FROM another_table);
视图:
创建视图:CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column1,
column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;
序列:
创建序列:CREATE SEQUENCE sequence_name START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1;
事务控制:
开始事务:START TRANSACTION;
提交事务:COMMIT;
回滚事务:ROLLBACK;
权限管理:
授权:GRANT SELECT ON table_name TO user_name;
撤销权限:REVOKE SELECT ON table_name FROM user_name;
函数和存储过程:
创建函数:CREATE FUNCTION function_name (parameters)
RETURNS datatype AS BEGIN ... END;
创建存储过程:CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name AS BEGIN ...
END;
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触发器:
创建触发器:CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name BEFORE INSERT ON
table_name FOR EACH ROW BEGIN ... END;
同义词:
创建同义词:CREATE SYNONYM synonym_name FOR table_name;
数据类型转换:
TO_CHAR:SELECT TO_CHAR(date_column, 'MM/DD/YYYY') FROM
table_name;
TO_NUMBER:SELECT TO_NUMBER(char_column) FROM table_name;
TO_DATE:SELECT TO_DATE(char_column, 'MM/DD/YYYY') FROM
table_name;
时间和日期函数:
CURRENT_DATE:SELECT CURRENT_DATE FROM dual;
SYSDATE:SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN:SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1, date2) FROM
table_name;
存储空间管理:
表空间大小查询:SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) FROM
dba_free_space GROUP BY tablespace_name;
分页查询:
分页查询:SELECT * FROM (SELECT column1, column2, ROWNUM
FROM table_name WHERE ROWNUM <= 10) WHERE ROWNUM >= 1;
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复杂条件查询:
CASE语句:SELECT column1, column2, CASE WHEN condition
THEN 'Result1' ELSE 'Result2' END FROM table_name;
外部表导入导出:
外部表导入:COPY FROM username/password@database_name -
TO username/password@database_name CREATE table_name USING
SELECT * FROM external_table_name;
字符串函数:
字符串拼接:SELECT CONCAT(string1, string2) FROM
table_name;
字符串长度:SELECT LENGTH(string_column) FROM table_name;
字符串转小写:SELECT LOWER(string_column) FROM table_name;
正则表达式:
正则表达式匹配:SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE
REGEXP_LIKE(column_name, 'pattern');
字符串截取:
SUBSTR:SELECT SUBSTR(string_column, start_position,
length) FROM table_name;
数据导入导出:
数据导入:LOAD DATA INFILE 'file_path' INTO TABLE
table_name;
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数据导出:SELECT * INTO OUTFILE 'file_path' FROM
table_name;
数据库连接:
连接数据库:CONNECT username/password@database_name;
显示表结构:
查看表结构:DESC table_name;
数据库备份与还原:
数据库备份:exp username/password@database_name
file=;
数据库还原:imp username/password@database_name
file= fromuser=username touser=username;
数据库性能优化:
分析执行计划:EXPLAIN PLAN FOR SELECT * FROM table_name;
清空表数据:
清空表数据:DELETE FROM table_name;
条件删除:
条件删除:DELETE FROM table_name WHERE
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