强化训练Unit 1 Reading and Thinking—Comprehending

Who are the most famous painters in history？Keep reading to find out.

Leonardo da Vinci was so intelligent that he was not only a painter but also a sculptor，mathematician，poet，scientist，musician，inventor，engineer，cartographer，and do

was born in Anchiano，near Vinci，in the province of Florence，Italy in was a time of

extraordinary changes，not only in the arts，but also in many other cultural city of

Florence was at the center of this important period in the history of of Leonardo’s most

famous pieces of works are the Mona Lisa，The Last Supper，and The Vitruvian most

well­known museums in the world display his paintings.

Michelangelo was born in Caprese，Italy in 1475 and started working as a student to a painter

before starting his studies in the art of sculpting at the Medici works include The

Statue of David and The Pieta is on display at the though he was born in

Caprese，Michelangelo lived most of his life in Rome，where he created most of his pieces.

Raphael was born in 1483 in Urbino， became Italian renaissance painter Pietro

Perugino’s student in 1504 at the age of this，he started painting his several Madonnas

while living in Florence，where da Vinci and Michelangelo influenced he moved to

Rome，Pope Julius Ⅱ hired him as his chief l died in Rome in 1520 at the age of

he died young，he produced some of the most recognizable masterpieces including all

his Madonnas，but also most notably the Madonna in the Sistine Chapel in Rome and his frescoes

in the Palace of the Vatican.

靓句运用于写作

①The festival is so wonderful that it attracts a lot of students each year.

(2019·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)

②While you are busy，you’d better spare more time to train.(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)

②①

Period One Reading and Thinking—Comprehending

品句猜词——请预读下列课文原句，并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。

1．In particular，his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces

and deep emotional impact.尤其 使与众不同

2．An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio(1401－1428)．重大进展

3．While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height with

Rembrandt(1606—1669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.名誉

4．Kings，nobles，and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves

and the people they loved.贵族成员 地位，级别 购买

5．From this，Impressionism emerged in France.出现

6．After Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask，“What do we do next? ”

随后的，后来的

Step 1 Fast­reading

1．What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．How religious paintings developed.

B．How oil paintings developed.

C．How Impressionist paintings developed.

D．How Western art developed.

答案 D

the passage and judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)．

(1)Painters were very interested in painting realistic scenes during the Middle Ages.(F)

(2)Painters during the Renaissance focused more attention on religious themes.(F)

(3)Some painters began to use oil during the Renaissance.(T)

(4)The famous painter Monet was crazy about a detailed record of the scene itself.(F)

(5)After Impressionism，more and more painters attempted to show reality.(F)

Step 2 Careful­reading

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.

1．What set Giotto di Bondone’s paintings apart from other paintings?

A．His paintings mainly showed religious themes.

B．His paintings showed real people in a real environment.

C．His paintings were to convey the light and movement in the scene.

D．His paintings concentrated less on religious themes.

答案 B

2．Which wasn’t the change in paintings during the Renaissance?

A．The use of perspective.

B．The use of oil paints.

C．The subjects focused more on people and the world.

D．The subjects focused more on religious themes.

答案 D

3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The photography was invented in the 15th century.

B．The painters were interested in photography during the Renaissance.

C．Claude Monet was a famous painter during the Middle Ages.

D．Leonardo da Vinci was a famous painter during the Renaissance.

答案 D

4．What can we learn from the passage?

A．The painters were interested in painting something indoors all the time.

B．The painting named Sunrise was a masterpiece of Impressionism.

C．The paintings of all the impressionists were cold.

D．All artists were well aware what they would do next after Impressionism.

答案 B

Step 3 Post­reading

After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.

As there have been so many different styles of Western art，perhaps the best way

understand(understand) Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the

the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was teach(teach) people about

began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di paintings are set

apart from other paintings by their tic(reality) human faces and deep emotional

rs concentrated (little) on religious themes during the

important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio and another innovation was the

use of oil subject matter，the emphasis singly(increase) shifted from religious

themes to people and the world around raphy was invented in the mid­19th century，after

paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked

，Impressionism d(emerge) in name of this new movement came

from the painting by Claude Monet (call) Impression， Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask what they would do they attempted to do was no longer

show reality, instead to ask the question，“What is art？”

Step 4 Sentence­learning

1．Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452－1519)，Michelangelo(1475－1564)，and

Raphael(1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the

greatest art that Europe had ever seen.

[句式分析] 该句为复合句。Influential painters built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations

to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.是主句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词some of the greatest art；不定式作目的状语。

[自主翻译] 一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗基罗(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。

2．While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height with

Rembrandt (1606－1669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.

[句式分析] 该句为复合句。while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；主句是this technique

reached its height with Rembrandt，who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Rembrandt。

[自主翻译] 尽管早在达·芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(1606－1669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。

3．In this work，Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective

impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.

[句式分析] 此句是复合句。Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene是主句；the scene gave him是省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰the subjective impression。

[自主翻译] 在这幅作品中，莫奈是想表达景色的光线和移动，也就是景色给他的主观印象，而不是对景色的详细记录。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

When Kathryn was 6 years old，she sat outside her home for three hours and did not make a

parents wondered why she was so quiet，only to discover that she was drawing a picture

of a flag recalled.“That’s what I wanted to do that day，” said Kathryn，who is

now 23 years in the future，she continued to do art as a hobby.

Recently，Kathryn was named Lake Placid’s first artist in the will be

there for at least four weeks and possibly that time，she will teach an art class and

focus on her own of her work includes creating said，“There is always

something there that you haven’t included，so you can never stop when painting a photo.”

Kathryn ended up as the first artist just by said her sister was on vacation in

Florida and looking for a job in Lake sister got the job and moved there.

Kathryn said she visited her sister and was ordered to do wall paintings inside a

，her sister saw a demand for an artist online and suggested she should apply.

Kathryn said she’s the first artist in her family，but added that her parents are

father loves to create things from wood.“Anything you can make out of wood，he has made it，”

she said.

Her own creativity with art continued through at college，she was once

employed to recreate a photo of a couple on a vacation to Florida and one of a sunset in either

North Carolina or South Carolina.

Kathryn said she’s looking at other forms of art.“The time I spend here will help me to

figure out who I am as an artist，” she said.

语篇解读 本文介绍了Kathryn从小喜欢画画， 这种爱好使她最后成了一名画家。

1．From the first paragraph，we can know that .

A．Kathryn had few words at her early age

B．Kathryn would sit outside in silence

C．Kathryn used to keep silent at home

D．Kathryn liked art since her childhood

答案 D

解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She recalled.‘That’s what I wanted to do that day，’

said Kathryn，who is now 23 years in the future，she continued to do art as a hobby.”可知， 她从小就很喜欢画画。故选D项。

2．While painting a photo，Kathryn thinks .

A．it’s hard to finish a perfect job

B．you can’t stop halfway

C．you may miss the photo somewhere

D．you have to finish it at a time

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She said，‘There is always something there that you

haven’t included，so you can never stop when painting a photo.’” 可知， 她认为很难完成一幅完美的画作。故选A项。

3．Talking of her father，Kathryn .

A．praised him for his wood art

B．was ashamed of his form of wood art

C．was greatly proud of him

D．felt pity for his creative talent

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“‘Anything you can make out of wood，he has

made it，’she said.”可知， 她对父亲能用木头做出东西的才能感到自豪。故选C项。

4．What is the passage mainly about?

A．A young artist treats art as more than a hobby.

B．A hobby becomes a pursuit(追求) for an artist.

C．A girl finds her value in her own hobby.

D．A girl walks out of her hobby as an artist.

答案 B

解析 主旨大意题。本文介绍了Kathryn从小就喜欢画画， 并且坚持了下去， 最终成了一名画家。故选B项。

B

Many of you may have used Siri，a voice assistant of US tech company only have

to say “hey Siri”and it will answer to your r，we may be sacrificing our

privacy to enjoy this convenience.

According to a recent report by The Guardian，Siri can be accidentally triggered and start

recording private conversations，such as discussions between doctors and of these

recordings are then given to workers outside the company to review.

Apple claimed the data was used to help Siri improve，but users were not informed of this

measure in the first place.

Apple’s Siri is not the only voice assistant to come under fire.

In 2018，Alexa，a voice assistant developed by US tech company Amazon，recorded a private

conversation between a couple and sent it to a stranger without their permission.

These issues deepen concerns that tech companies are infringing users’ rights of privacy.

Many people have long feared that tech companies are listening and collecting data from

private conversations，reported this data，third party companies could then paint an

accurate picture of users’ habits and preferences in order to serve them more targeted

advertisements，or even worse，sell this private data.

Despite this risk，the popularity of voice assistant seems to be unstoppable.

“In the near future，everything from your lighting to your air­conditioning to your

refrigerator，your coffee maker，and even your toilet could be wired to a system controlled by

voice，”commented The Atlantic.

Colin Horgan wrote on the blog site Medium that he believed people’s daily lives will soon

become a source of data.

“The sounds of our homes，the symphony of life—laughing，crying，talking，shouting，sitting in silence—will no longer be considered memories，but data，” he wrote.

To deal with the issue，Blake Morgan，reporter for The Atlantic，believed that the answer is

transparency.

“All companies need to have messaging ready to explain to customers what they do with

private data，”she wrote on The Atlantic.

语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了语音助手会在用户不知情的情况下记录私人对话，从而导致用户隐私被侵犯的问题。就此问题不同人士发表了自己的看法。

5．What does the underlined sentence mean?

A．There are other fire­proof voice assistants.

B．Other voice assistants are also being developed.

C．There are other voice assistants being criticized.

D．Other voice assistants also need improvement.

答案 C

解析 句意理解题。根据下一段内容“2018年，美国科技公司亚马逊开发的语音助手Alexa录制了一对夫妇之间的私人对话，并在未经允许的情况下将对话发送给了陌生人”可知，画线句子意思为除了苹果手机的Siri语音助手外，其他语音助手也受到了批评。故选C。

6．What seems to be people’s biggest concern about voice assistants?

A．Invading their privacy.

B．Sending their messages.

C．Making no improvements.

D．Serving them targeted advertisement.

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据第六段内容“这些问题加深了人们对科技公司侵犯用户隐私权的担忧”以及第七段第一句的内容“据《福布斯》报道，长期以来，很多人都担心科技公司会监听和收集私人谈话中的数据”可知，侵犯人们的隐私似乎是人们对语音助手最大的担忧。故选A。

7．What should companies do to solve the problem，according to Blake Morgan?

A．To stop collecting data through the voice assistant.

B．To explain their use of the data to customers.

C．To make their data more transparent.

D．To slow down the pace of technology advancement.

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To deal with he answer is transparency.”和最后一段可知，Blake Morgan表示，企业应该向客户解释它们如何使用这些数据。故选B。

8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To show visions of a data world in the future.

B．To inform people of what tech companies are really up to.

C．To draw attention to the privacy issue voice assistants bring about.

D．To criticize companies’ invading customers’ privacy by collecting data.

答案 C

解析 写作意图题。通读全文尤其根据第二段、第三段以及文章主要讨论了语音助手带来的隐私问题可推知，文章的目的是引起大家对于语音助手带来的隐私问题的注意。故选C。

C

The National Health and Family Planning Commission has called for more awareness from

the public on the mental health of the young，as part of efforts to mark World Mental Health Day.

More than 15 percent of the Chinese youth have been found with mental problems，and about

30 million young people under 17 are suffering from depression，the Shanghai­based Wenhui

Daily reported.

The World Health Organization estimated that in the near future，the rate of children with

mental problems will increase by 50 percent，and mental problems will become a major factor

behind death and illness in the young worldwide.

Deng Xiaohong，the spokesperson for the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau，said rapid social

change is one of the reasons behind the rising number of youngsters with psychological problems.

If these mental diseases are not addressed on time，occurrence of crime，drug­taking and

other dangerous behavior are expected to rise.

Experts said mental diseases could be caused by many factors，such as the inability to handle

interpersonal relations well，unstable emotions and pressure from the overload of study.A number

of experts have also said the one­child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in

the young.

Children were said to be too “spoiled” and “selfish” in one child s in

many cities were reported rolling out measures to help students maintain their mental

well­ Jingmiao，a teacher of the Beijing No.105 Middle School，told China Daily that the

school invites psychologists to provide counseling for students three times a month.“Students

can be arranged to have 40­minute counseling sessions，” Yin school also gives lectures

on mental health to senior grade students before they take the national college entrance exams，to

help ease any anxiety arising from the tests.

语篇解读 本文分析了一些青少年出现精神问题的原因以及应对措施。

9．What is the purpose of the passage?

A．To urge awareness on mental health of the young.

B．To give the details of the problems the Chinese youth are facing today.

C．To recommend that schools should invite more psychologists to help solve the mental problems

among the youth.

D．To show us the causes of the mental problems among students.

答案 A

解析 写作目的题。本文在第一段点出主题：国家卫生和计划生育委员会呼吁公众提高对年轻人心理健康的认识，以此作为纪念世界心理健康日活动的一部分。然后下文进行了分析。故选A项。

10．The underlined word “addressed” in the fifth paragraph most probably means

“ ”．

A．talked about

C．satisfied

B．dealt with

D．introduced

答案 B

解析 词义猜测题。根据下文的“...occurrence of crime，drug­taking and other dangerous

behavior are expected to rise.”可知，此处句意为：如果这些精神疾病得不到及时的处理，那么预计犯罪、 吸毒和别的危险行为会增加。故选B项。

11．From the passage we can know that the causes of mental problems are mainly the following

EXCEPT .

A．the one­child policy

B．lack of the ability to handle interpersonal relations well

C．lack of special training in mental health

D．the heavy burden from study

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“...such as the inability to handle interpersonal relations

well，unstable emotions and pressure from the overload of study.A number of experts have also

said the one­child policy is another reason leading to poor mental health in the young.”可知答案为C。

12．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．In the near future，about 50 percent of the students in China will have mental problems.

B．Mental problems mainly appear among the youth while they are seldom seen among adults.

C．China has the largest number of youngsters with psychological problems.

D．Many schools have realized the problem and taken measures.

答案 D

解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Schools in many cities were reported rolling out

measures to help students maintain their mental well­being.”可知答案为D。

Ⅱ.七选五

Do you ever draw? Most of us don’ reason why we usually leave drawing to the artists

is that we’re not very good at wants to do anything they’re bad at？ 1 Studies have

found drawing has many benefits，artist or are just a few reasons for picking up a pen or

pencil of any kind.

It pushes you to be ’re used to things happening fast these g is not

fast. 2 That’s OK，and as something comes together over time，you’ll be reminded of the

value of g is an object lesson that not everything good comes quickly，which is an

easy thing to forget.

3 A few of my drawings are really kind of great.I can look at them with plenty

of my little drawings are nonsense or doesn’t matter.I still have the experience of

drawing and the benefits that if you’re not naturally “good” at drawing，you’ll

get better over time if you practice. 4 Your drawing doesn’t have to mean anything or do

anything mes you will even big deal.

It makes memories stick.I draw in order to capture moments from my life.I’m not great at

drawing，but that’s not the mes I draw the view from the window of my hotel

room—whether it’s a great view or er，the idea is to capture the moment，not create

a times I draw from my dinner table. 5

A．Take the pressure off.

B．It’s a good reminder that failure is OK.

C．It is something that can show your talents.

D．It takes time to create something interesting.

E．If you draw fast，you might ruin your drawing.

F．But maybe we should rethink this assumption.

G．These drawings can always bring me back to that moment.

语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不是艺术家也可以画画的几个原因。

1．答案 F

解析 通过前文的“The reason why we usually leave drawing to the artists is that we’re not

very good at wants to do anything they’re bad at？”可知，F选项中的“we”和文中的“we”相呼应，“this assumption”和“我们通常把画画留给艺术家的原因是我们不擅长画画”这个结论相呼应，且承接下文，故F选项正确。

2．答案 D

解析 结合前文的“Drawing is not fast.”可知画画是个慢活，再结合下文的“you’ll be

reminded of the value of patience”，可知D选项(创造有趣的东西需要时间)正确。

3．答案 B

解析 空处为该段的主旨句，结合空后内容“作者对自己的作品还是颇为欣赏的，但作者的许多小画都是胡乱画或未完成的。这些都没关系”可知，B选项(这是一个很好的提醒，失败是可以接受的)正确。

4．答案 A

解析 根据下文的“Your drawing doesn’t have to mean anything or do anything

mes you will even fail.”可知A项承接下文，且和本段的主旨相符，故A项(减轻压力)正确。

5．答案 G

解析 根据前文的“Remember，the idea is to capture the moment，not create a masterpiece.”可知，G选项中的that moment和前文相呼应，故G选项正确。