英语语言学导论第三版课后答案第一单元

英语语言学导论第三版课后答案第一单元

1、P______ is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language. [填空题] *

空1答案：honetics

答案解析：语音学被定义为对语言的语音媒介的研究；它涉及所有出现在世界语言中的声音。

2、A______ phonetics, auditory phonetics, and acoustic phonetics respectively are three

branches of phonetics. [填空题] *

空1答案：rticulatory

答案解析：发音语言学、声学语音学、感知语音学是语音学的三大研究领域。

3、Of all the speech organs, the t______ is the most flexible, and is responsible for

varieties of articulation than any other. [填空题] *

空1答案：ongue

答案解析：舌头是最灵活的

4、English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of

p______ of articulation. [填空题] *

空1答案：lace

答案解析：英语辅音可以根据发音方式或者发音部位来分。

5、Phonology and phonetics both are studies of s______ sounds. [填空题] *

空1答案：peech

答案解析：音位学与语音学都涉及到语言的同一个方面——语音。

6、The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called

s______ rules. [填空题] *

空1答案：equential

答案解析：某一特定语言的语言模式是受规则支配的。这就叫做序列规则。

7、P______ aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how

these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. [填空题] *

空1答案：honology

答案解析：音位学的目的是去发现一门语言中的语音是如何形成模式的，这些语音是如何在语言交际中用来传达意义的。

8、P______ is a basic unit of phonetic study, and it is a minimal sound segment that

human speech organ can produce. [填空题] *

空1答案：hone

答案解析：音素是语音学研究的一个基本单位，是人类的发音器官所能发出的最小语音片段。但是，一个音素并不必然区别意义。

9、The different realizations of the same phoneme in different phonetic environments are

called a______. [填空题] *

空1答案：llophones

答案解析：音位对立是指不同音位之间的关系，它们可以出现在不同的语音组合的同一位置，产生意义差别

10、S______ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the

segments. They include stress, tone , intonation, etc. [填空题] *

空1答案：uprasegmental

答案解析：出现在音段层面之上的音位特征称为超切分特征；是诸如音节、单词和句子这些单位这样的音位学特征。主要的超切分特征包括重音、语调和音调。

11、The transcription of speech sounds with letter- symbols only is called broad

transcription, while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is

called n______ transcription. [填空题] *

空1答案：arrow

答案解析：宽式标音：只用字母符号来标音. 这种标音法通常用于一般性目的的字典和教材之中。严式标音：用字母符号和变音符一起来标音, 是语音学家们在其语音研究中需要并使用的标音法。

12、T______ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of

the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes. [填空题] *

空1答案：ones

答案解析：音调是由声带的不同振动频率引起的。

13、R______ is the part of the word left when all the a fixes are removed. [填空题] *

空1答案：oot

答案解析：词根是构成词语的核心。

14、M______ is the smallest meaningful unit of language. [填空题] *

空1答案：orpheme

答案解析：语素是语言的最小单位。

15、B______ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be

combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. [填空题] *

空1答案：ound

答案解析：黏着语素是那些不能单独使用，而必须和其它语素结合在一起以形成一个单词的语素。

16、Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d______ affixes. [填空题] *

空1答案：erivational

答案解析：词缀有两种类型：屈折词缀和派生词缀。

17、A s______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word

and it may case change its part of speech. [填空题] *

空1答案：uffix

18、C______ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create

new words. [填空题] *

空1答案：ompound

19、The word snowfall is a word formed by joining two separate words, ie.“snow" and

“all." This newly formed word is generally regarded as a c______. [填空题] *

空1答案：ompound

答案解析：复合词指那些由一个以上的词汇语素构成的词，或者由两个独立的词连接起来的构成新的形式。

20、The variant forms of a morpheme are called a______. [填空题] *

空1答案：llomorph

答案解析：语素变体语素的不同变化形式

21、The study of physical properties of speech sounds is called（A）。 [单选题] *

acoustic phonetics(正确答案)

auditory phonetics

articulatory phonetics

答案解析：Acoustic Phonetics is the study of physical properties of speech sounds（声学语音学研究语音的物理特征。）Articulatory Phonetics is the study of the production

of speech sounds.（发音语言学研究语音的发生。）Perceptual (Auditory) Phonetics is

concerned with the perception of speech sounds.（感知语音学(或听觉语音学)研究语音的感知。）

22、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all（）sounds. [单选题] *

ars

s

entals

als(正确答案)

解析：bilabials（双唇音）: [p, b, m, w]；labiodentals（唇齿音） :[f, v]；dentals（齿音）: [θ, ð]

Alveolars（齿龈音）: [t, d, n, s, z, r, l ]。

23、（） is one of the suprasegmental features. [单选题] *

A. Voicing

B. Stop

C. Deletion

D. Tone(正确答案)

答案解析：超音段特征包括音节，重音，声调和语调。

24、Classification of English speech sounds in terms of manner of articulation involves

the following EXCEPT（） [单选题] *

A. fricatives

B. lateral

C. affricates

D. bilabial(正确答案)

答案解析： bilabial是根据发音部位划分的。

25、A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from

another in a given language is a（）. [单选题] *

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme(正确答案)

答案解析：音位是音系学研究的一个基本单位，是一组语音特征的抽象集合体，具有区别意义的作用。

26、What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?（） [单选题]

*

A. Voiceless

B. Voiced(正确答案)

C. Glottal stop

D. Consonant

答案解析：声带振动产生浊音。

27、Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they

can distinguish meaning, they are said to be（）. [单选题] *

A. in phonemic contrast(正确答案)

B. in complementary distribution

C. the allophones

D. minimal pair

答案解析：A音位对立，B同一音位的不同变体，C音位变体，D最小对立体

28、A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called （）. [单选题] *

A. minimal pairs

B. allomorphs

C. phones

D. allophones(正确答案)

答案解析：The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic

environments are called the allophones of that phoneme. 同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体。

29、Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic

segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called（）. [单选题] *

A. phonetic components

B. immediate constituents

C. suprasegmental features(正确答案)

D. semantic features

答案解析：出现在音段层面之上的音位特征称为超切分特征；是诸如音节、单词和句子这些单位这样的音位学特征。主要的超切分特征包括重音、语调和音调。

30、A(n)（）is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of

distinctive phonetic features. [单选题] *

A. phone

B. sound

C. allophone

D. phoneme(正确答案)

答案解析：音位是音系学研究的一个基本单位，是一组语音特征的抽象集合体，具有区别意义的作用。

31、The morpheme “vision” in the common word“television” is a(n) （）. [单选题] *

A. bound morpheme

B. bound form

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free morpheme(正确答案)

答案解析：自由语素是独立的意义单位，能够独自自由使用，当然也可以和其它语素结合使用。

32、“-s”in the word“books" is（）. [单选题] *

A. a derivative affix

B. a stem

C. an inflectional affix(正确答案)

D. a root

答案解析：曲折词素不能构成新词，不能改变词性，表明各种不同的语法关系或语法范畴，如：数、时态、形容词和副词的级和格。

33、Which of the following is NOT a compound word?（） [单选题] *

A. Rainbow

B. Milkshake

C. Ice-cold

D. Unpleasant(正确答案)

答案解析：词的构成方式有两种:复合(compound) 和派生(derivation) 复合词指的由一个以上语素组成的词,或是将两个单独的词合在一起产生一个新的词。派生词则表现出了词根和词缀的关系。所以Rainbow, Milkshake, Ice-cold属于复合词,

Unpleasant属于派生词。

34、（）are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other

morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. [单选题] *

A. Free morphemes

B. Bound morphemes(正确答案)

C. Bound words

D. Words

答案解析：自由语素是独立的意义单位，能够独自自由使用，当然也可以和其它语素结合使用。

35、（）is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the

rules by which words are formed. [单选题] *

A. Syntax

B. Grammar

C. Morphology(正确答案)

D. Morpheme

答案解析：形态学研究词的内部结构以及构词规则，包括屈折变化和构词法两个领域。

36、Bound morphemes are those that（）. [单选题] *

A. have to be used independently

B. can not be combined with other morphemes

C. can either be free or bound

D. have to be combined with other morphemes.(正确答案)

答案解析：黏着语素是那些不能单独使用，而必须和其它语素结合在一起以形成一个单词的语素。

37、（）modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of

the original word. [单选题] *

A. Prefixes

B. Suffixes(正确答案)

C. Roots

D. Affixes

38、（）are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the

linguists. [单选题] *

A. Words .

B. Morphemes(正确答案)

C. Phonemes

D. Sentences

答案解析：The most important component of a word structure is the morpheme ——the

smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.

39、“-s” in the word “books” is（）. [单选题] *

A. a derivative affix

B. a stem

C. an inflectional affix(正确答案)

D. a root

40、Which of the following does NOT belong to ”open class words”?（） [单选题] *

A. Nouns

B. Adjectives

C. Conjunctions(正确答案)

D. Adverbs

答案解析：开放性词类：在英语中，名词、动词、形容词和副词占词汇的绝大部分。它们是一门语言中的实义词，经常有新词产生。封闭性词类：其他的句法范畴包括“语法性的”或者“功能性的”词。连词、介词、冠词和代词相对较少，通常不会增加新词。Conjunctions是连词。

41、Phoneme is a basic unit of phonological study, and it is an abstract collection of

phonetic features which cannot distinguish meaning. [判断题] *

对

错(正确答案)

答案解析：音位是音系学研究的一个基本单位，是一组语音特征的抽象集合体，具有区别意义的作用。

42、[p] is voiced bilabial stop. [判断题] *

对

错(正确答案)

答案解析：[p] is voiceless bilabial stop.

43、English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of

the tongue that is raised the highest. [判断题] *

对

错(正确答案)

答案解析：English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of manner

of articulation and the other is in terms of place of articulation.

44、Acoustic phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds. [判断题] *

对(正确答案)

错

45、In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long

vowel such as /iː/, the larynx is in a state of tension. [判断题] *

对(正确答案)

错

答案解析：The long vowels are all tense vowels and the short vowels are lax

we pronounce a long vowel, the larynx is in a state of tension, and in the

pronunciation of a short vowel, no such tension occurs, the larynx being quite relaxed.

46、The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas:

the throat, the mouth and the chest. [判断题] *

对

错(正确答案)

答案解析：The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important

areas: the pharyngeal cavity — the throat, the oral cavity ——the mouth, and the nasal

cavity — the nose.

47、Suprasegmental features are those aspects of speech that involve more than single

sound segments. The principal suprasegmental features are syllables, stress, tone and

intonation. [判断题] *

对(正确答案)

错

48、10. The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph. [判断题] *

对

错(正确答案)

答案解析：语言最小的有意义的单位是语素不是语素变体。

49、Root also falls into two categories: free and bound. [判断题] *

对(正确答案)

错

答案解析：词根是构成词的基础成分，它可以是自由语素或粘着语素。

50、Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all open class words. [判断题]

*

对

错(正确答案)

答案解析：封闭类词的成员数目固定，数量有限。像代词、介词、连词和冠词都属于封闭类词。