关西围解说(中、英)

关西新围解说词

[新围东门处]

尊敬的各位来宾、各位领导、各位外国友人：

欢迎你们到江西来做客，到客家围屋来做客。这就是围屋之王—中国国内目前发现建筑面积最大，保存最为完好，结构最为严谨，功能最为科学合理的龙南关西新围。

关西新围始建于（1798--1827）嘉庆至道光年间，至今已有200多年历史，是当地的一名商人徐名均修建而成。关西新围是最具有客家建筑特色，保存最完整、结构功能最齐全、占地面积最大的一座围屋。我县总共有376座围屋，在关西新围的周围就有46座大大小小的围屋，所以龙南县是客家围屋第一县，-----？镇是客家围屋第一镇。

围屋具有两个最鲜明的特性：一是血缘性，住在围子里的人都是同一祖先的后裔；二是防御性，围屋的墙体有很多梅花枪眼和炮窗，四角都有高耸的炮楼，针对每一个死角，都能向敌人进行射击。东西两边有门卫房，一夫当关，万夫莫开，设计上处处体现军事防卫的功能。

围屋总共有2道门：一个是东门，一个是西门。每道门都是三重门，由铁板门、木杠门、铁匝门构成，由上往下垂直下来，可谓是坚固异常。围门一关，围内就是一个独立王国。

[祠堂门口]

祠堂坐南朝北，祠堂门为乾坤门，门顶上有石刻的乾坤图案。祠堂建筑是围内最为壮观的部分，高大的空间和华丽的装饰造就了一种庄严的氛围，是围内人们过年节、集会、祭祀进行各种团拜的公共活动场所。

门坪两侧原种有槐树、桂树各一棵，相传围主将槐树开三枝、桂树开五枝，喻为一品三槐五桂，就是围主对后人的期望，希望他的后人能够成为国家之栋梁。与围屋一起经历风雨，历经沧桑的就是祠堂前的这一对石狮，这对石狮可以说是江南第一狮，与

其它地方的狮子有不同之处。

[中厅处]

中厅是宴会厅，能同时摆设30桌酒席，可以接待200多人。在这中厅最有特色的物品，就是这一对板凳。这两张长板凳被评为最长的和最老的板凳。而且它们是同一棵树做成的，所以我们又称它为长寿凳，福禄双全的意思。上厅为供奉祖先牌位的地方，庄严肃穆，客家人崇祖寻根，极少祭拜神仙。厅、屋建筑结构较为复杂，主要使用叠梁式与穿斗式相结合的做法，屋架不露明，水磨方砖或青砖铺地，镂刻雀替，雕刻柱础。彩绘主要为白地蓝花、白地红花和墨彩作为装饰。门窗所用棂格变化颇多，有水纹，一码三箭，以及拐纹棂和雕花棂不同组合造型，装修较四周围屋房间也更高级。

[土库处]

土库即为仓库的意思，分为上下两层，一层分别十九间，共三十八间，底下垫以三合土增高地势达到防潮的目的，并以易经为依据精算出每间具体的粗存功能。建筑风格上借鉴了北方一带的垂花柱，但做了一些改动，每一根垂花柱下方都有一枚倒转的葫芦，因为客家话葫芦的读音与“福禄”谐音，便寓意福禄到了、收尽天下之福禄的意思。

[戏台处]

戏台建于整个围屋的中轴线上，与祠堂相对，由一道影壁相隔。西连内花园，古时为小姐居住的厢房，东连状元廊，整个区域构成围屋内的休闲娱乐区。古时戏台周围修有回音壁，用以扩大音量，据传所及范围能至方圆三公里，后文革时期被破坏。对面的观戏台下层为下人看戏的地方，楼上中间位置为主人或贵宾席位，两侧的厢房则为家中女眷看戏席位。

线路：入口东门—-祠堂—-下厅—-中厅—-上厅—-东厢房—-土库—-徐名均住房处—戏台—东门出口

Guanxi

Round House Commentary

[East door of the round house]

Distinguished guests, leaders, my foreign friends:

Welcome to Jiangxi Province and welcome to Hakka round house.

This round house is the largest and most scientific one, owning the most

rigorous and reasonable structure, and it is the most intact preserved in

China. Longnan Guanxi Round House is well known as the king of the

round house.

Guanxi Round House was built firstly between Jiaqin and Daoguang

period (from 1798 to 1827). It has a long history for more than 200 years,

built by a local businessman Xu Minjun. Guanxi Round House has the

most special feature in accordance with Hakka construct, and it is the

most intact preserved one, owning the most complete function, and the

largest area. There are 376 round houses altogether in our county, and

there are almost 46 different kinds of round houses surrounding Guanxi

Round House, so Longnan is the most famous county for Hakka round

house.

Round house has two distinctive characteristics: one is the blood

relationship, that is people living in the Round house own the same

ancestor; the other is defensive, that is the wall of Round house has many

loopholes, which look like plum flowers, and a lot of gun windows.

High gun turrets are built in four corners, so it can fire to the enemy from

every corner. Entrance guard rooms are built on the east and the west. It is

so firm that one man guards the pass, keeps ten thousand enemies away.

The military defense function is reflected in every design.

There are 2 doors in the Round house: one opens to the east, and the

other to the west. Every door is triply built and contains iron door, wood

door and Iron circle door; they were firmly designed to close vertically

from the top to the ground. When the doors are closed, the round house

turns to be an independent kingdom.

[Gate of Ancestral hall]

The ancestral hall is seated from south to north. The gate of the

ancestral hall is a kind of universe gate, and we can see universe pictures

from the top of the carved stone. The ancestral hall architecture is one of

the most spectacular parts in the round house. It is a public place for the

people living in the round house to celebrate a new year, or to take part in

assembly and fete, for its lofty space and luxuriant adornment making a

solemn atmosphere.

There were two trees on both sides of the door in the past. One is

locust tree and the other is cherry bay. It is said that if the locust tree

grows to be three branches and the cherry bay grows to be five branches.

It is described as the top grade and it is a very good omen, indicating the

expectations of the clan leader for the future generations, hoping their

future generations becoming to backbones of the country. Accompanying

with the round house there is a pair of stone lion, having a long history

and experiencing rains and winds. It is considered as the foremost one in

the southern region, for it is different from others a lot.

[The middle hall]

The middle hall actually is a banquet hall. It could place 30 tables

and serve 200 people at the same time. In this hall the most characteristic

thing is a pair of bench. These two long benches were considered as the

longest and oldest benches. And they are made of the same tree, so we

called it longevity stool, blessing good luck and wealth. The primary hall

is used to place ancestral memorial tablet and it is very solemn. Hakka

honors their ancestor very much and seldom Worships immortals. The

structure of the house is complicated, mainly used the method of

combining Fold beam and column and tie construction. So it is hard to

find out its construction. The floor is covered by levigation square brick

or black brick, the entire house is full of sculpture and color decoration.

White background is usually decorated with blue or red flowers and

grisaille painting, and especially, the doors and windows are actively

designed with water wave on it. The design combines different kinds of

patterns, and the fitment here is more advanced than other rooms.

[Storage]

The storage here can be divided into the upper and lower levels, either

layer has 19 rooms and there are 38 rooms in all. In order to protect

against the tide, the ground was filed with tabia to make the storage much

higher. The main storage function of each room is accurately figured out

by using the book of changes. The construction style is in common with

the northern region, but it changes a lot here, for example, each pillar

hangs an inversion calabash, because in Hakka dialect, calabash has the

same pronunciation with good luck and wealth. It means good luck and

wealth; we will receive good luck and wealth all over the world.

[Theater]

The theater is built in the axile wire of the round house, facing to the

Ancestral hall, and is separated by a screen wall. In the west of the theater

is the inside garden, used to be wing-room for young ladies. In the east

there is the Number One Scholar corridor, the whole area constitute the

recreational areas of the round house. The ancient theater was surrounded

by Echo Walls, which used to expand the volume. It is said that with the

help of it the voice could expand to three kilometers away. But it was

broken in the period of Cultural Revolution. The lower level of the

auditoria is provided for servants while the middle position is provided

for the master or honored guest. And the wing-rooms in two sides are

provided for women.

Line: the east door entrance----the ancestral hall----the underpart hall-

---the middle hall ---- the honored hall---- the east wing-room---- the

storage----the living room of Xu Mingjun----the theater----the east door

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