过去分词用法总结

过去分词用法总结

过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

一、过去分词作定语

1. 一般情况下，单个分词作前置定语，过去分词短语作后置定语。如：a used

car旧车，a playground built last year去年修建的一个操场。

2. 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”和完成”。

Many people questioned refused to answer. 被问的许多人都拒绝回答。

Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title given to ordinary

people for their contributions to environmental protection. 五人获得了“中国绿

色人物奖”，这是一个颁给对环保有贡献的普通人物的奖项。

3. 不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语，只表示“完成”，不表示被动。如：

the risen sun已升起的太阳，fallen leaves落叶。

4. astonish, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move, please,

puzzle, satisfy, surprise, tire等表示心理状态的动词的过去分词作定语，表示被修饰的词所具有的特征，意为“感到……的”。（其现在分词表示所修饰的词本身所处的状态，意为“令人……的”）。

Mr. Smith, tired of the tiring speech, started to read a novel. 史米斯先生厌倦了乏味的演讲,开始读小说。

This is a boring lecture. 这是一个令人厌烦的报告。

The excited children couldn't go to sleep all night long.这些兴奋的孩子整个晚上无法入睡。

以上单词修饰人的声音、微笑、表情时常用过去分词。如：a satisfied smile满意的微笑；a puzzled look 一脸迷惑的表情

二、过去分词作表语

1. 过去分词常位于系动词 be, get, remain, prove, seem等后作表语，表示被动意义，即分词与主语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。

The machine part is broken. 机器零件坏了。

The house remained locked. 房子依然锁着。

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2. 表示心理状的动词astonish, disappoint ,encourage , excite , frighten, interest,

move, please, puzzle , satisfy, surprise , tire, worry等作表语，用过去分词时，主语常常为人（动物），且分词意为“感到……”。

We were quite amused to hear the news. 我们听到这消息觉得很有趣。

They were disappointed with the disappointing result. 他们对令人失望的结果感到失望。

Tom sounds very much interested in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can

manage it. 听上去，汤姆对这份工作很感兴趣，但我不感确定他能否应付的了。

---I’m very pleased with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. 我对自己做的菜很满意,色香俱全。

---Mm, it does have a pleasant smell.

嗯,它确实有一股令人愉快的气味。

注意：这类动词作表语，如主语为物，且分词意为“令人……的”时用现在分词。如：

His report is very inspiring. 他的报告令人鼓舞。

三、过分分词作宾语补足语

1. 过去分词作宾补时，宾语与宾语补之间有逻辑上的被动关系。如：

I’m going to have my bike repaired. 我准备去修理自行车。

2. 常以过去分词作宾补的情况有以下四种：

1) 感官动词find, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等后的宾语补足语。如：

He found his hometown greatly changed。 他发现他的家乡变化很大。

2) 使役动词have, get, make, keep, leave等后的宾语补足语。

(1)have+宾语+过去分词表示“让某人做某事”或“遭遇不幸”。如：

I have just had my tooth taken out. 我刚刚拨了牙。

He had his leg broken while playing football. 他踢足球时摔断了腿。

（2）keep +宾语+过去分词表示“使……处于某种状态”。

As the weather was cold, we kept the door closed. 由于天气冷，我们关着门。

（3）make oneself+过去分词意为“使自己被别人……”。

He stood up to make himself seen. 他站起来让人看见。

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（4）leave+宾语+过去分词表示“使……处于某种状态”。

He kept the horse tied to the tree. 他一直让马栓在树上。

3. like, order, want, wish 表示“希望”，“要求”等意义的动词常以过去分词作宾补，相当于to be+过去分词。如：

I like the matter (to be)settled immediately. 我希望这件事情立即解决掉。

He wanted the work（to be）done at once. 他要求马上做这项工作。

4. “with+宾语+过去分词”常作状语，表示时间、行为方法、原因或伴随情况等。

With the door locked, they couldn’t get in. 因为门锁了，他们进不去。

John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly

accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的 工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。

5. 表示心里状态的动词作宾语补足语时，如表示宾语自身“感到……”用过去分词，如表示宾语“令人……”用现在分词。

What the teacher said made every child excited. 老师所说的话使每个孩子感到激动。

He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested

in his lectures. 他在学生中间大受欢迎,是因为他总是尽力去使得他们对他的授课感兴趣.

The teacher always makes his lessons interesting 老师总是让他的课很有趣。

四、过去分词作状语

1. 过去分词可以时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式、结果等状语，它和句子主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。有时分词前可以加上when, while, if, unless,

though等连词以强调状语。如：

Metals expand when heated. 金属受热时膨胀。

Given better attention, the cabbage could have grown better. 如果管理得好一些，这些大白菜会长得更好。

The flower his friend gave him will die unless watered every day. 朋友给他的花如果不每天浇水就会死的。

2. 表示心里状态的动词作状语时，如表示主语自身“感到……”用过去分

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词，如表示主语“令人……”用现在分词。

She turned away disappointed. 她走了，心里很失望。

Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 托尼既惊讶又高兴，站起来领奖。

3. 过去分词的否定式是由“not+过去分词”构成的。如：

It is quite possible to produce artificial elements not found in nature. 制造自然界里还没有发现的人造元素是完全可能的。

Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 由于不允许进取，他们只好在外面等着。

实战演练

一、选择正确答案。

1. I found the room thoroughly _____and everything _____in good order.

A. to clean; arrange B. cleaned; arranged

C. clean; arrange C. cleaning; arranging

2. Is there anything you want from town? I am going to get _______.

A. mailed letters B. these letters mailed

C. those letters mail D. to mail those letters

3. He gave a description _____on his personal observation of nature.

A. to base B. being based

C. being based D. based

4. The boy became ______when he was reading the directions.

A. confused B. to be confused

C. to confuse D. confusing

5. After seeing the _____match, we got very _____.

A. excited; excited B. exciting; exciting

C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited

6. The amount of money _____ for the seriously sick child was soon collected.

A. to need B. needed C. needing D. which needed

7. _____ alone in the room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

A. Leaving B. Having left C. To be left D. Left

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8.---Did Peter fix the computer himself?

---He _____, because he doesn’t know much about computers.

A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it

hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English

_____in a short period.

A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve

10._____by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven

all know that, _____, the situation will get worse.

A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with

C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

二、根据句意完成下列句子。

1. 我发现家乡几乎完全重建了。

I found my hometown almost _____ _____

2. 我没法使别人理解我。

I can’t make _____ ______.

3. 因所有工作已提前完成，他们决定去度假一周。

With all the _____ ______ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.

4. 一旦出版，这本词典将受到欢迎。

_____ _____, this dictionary will be very popular.

5. 我常听人用英语唱这首歌。

I often hear the _____ _____in English.

6. 格林先生深受感动，一再向我们表示感谢。

Mr. Green, _____ _____, thanked us again and again.

三、单句改错

1. With a lot of houses destroying in the hurricane, the villagers had to rebuild them.

from what he said, it’s safe to go there.

3. Feeling very thirsty after he had worked hard all the morning, Bill drank up the

boiling water quickly.

4. The satisfying smile on my father’s face shows that my brother has a good mark in

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the exam.

felt himself force to take the action.

6. Treated not in time, the boy died.

答案：

一、1—5 BBDAD 6—10BDCAA 11.B

二、1. completely rebuilt 2. myself understood 3. work finished

4. Once published 5. song sung 6. deeply moved

三、ying→destroyed 2. Judged→Judging g→boiled

ying→satisfied 5. force→forced 6. Treated not→Not treated

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