考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇“在线出版”

202X Text2

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory

would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove

the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.

Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or

decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of

the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

原本一切都很简单。一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物，刊物的编辑把作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把汇报交给这些研究者的同行去批阅。依据评论意见，编辑将决定是否发表。因此，留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。

straightforward [streit'fɔ:wəd] adj.简单的，易懂的，不复杂的：a straightforward

process 简单的过程；坦诚的，坦率的，率直的。

【例】American speech is remarkably straightforward. 美国人的言语非常直率。

affiliation [ə'fili'eiʃən] n.隶属关系；隶属，附属。

【例】Ethnic character, background, or affiliation. 属于少数民族种族特性、背景或关系

No longer. ①The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are

questioning why commercial publishers are making money from

government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to

scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

(OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report,

by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes

heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further

than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific

endeavor.

现在不再是这样了。提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究工程中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。经济合作及开展组织近日公布一项调查，描述了这一现象所造成的深远影响。澳大利亚维多利亚大学的John Houghton和经合组织的Graham

Vickery联合完成这一汇报，内容使目前为止收入丰厚的出版商们感到汗颜。但是这项汇报的意义远远不止于此，它标志着科学尝试的一项关键性因素马上发生改变。

endeavor [in'devə] n. v. 努力,尽力,尽力,力图,试图

【例】we endeavor to make our customers happy. 我们努力使客户中意。

1. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why

commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting

access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.

【译文】提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究工程中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。

【解析】两个“-〞号中间的局部完全可以视作插入局部独立分析。“the internet is making access to

scientific results a reality. 〞“funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial

publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it.〞这样分析就会简单很多：“提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究工程中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。〞

The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in

part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core

scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The

International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are

more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than

1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.

在某种程度上来说，知识的价值和公共投资能否取得较高回报，取决于是否能够得到广泛的流通、人们是否能够比拟简单地猎取这些研究成果。这是一项很大的产业。在美国，核心科研出版市场产值每年在70亿美元到110亿美元左右。国际科学、技术和医学出版社集团宣称全世界专业出版本类期刊的出版商有202X多家。他们每年在16000种刊物上发表120万篇以上文章。

distribution [distri'bju:ʃən] n. 分发;销售;频率分布;分配装置;分布;区分,分类;配电

【例】distribution of the population 人口分布

This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are

now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by

the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for

access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is

open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for

the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such

as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. ②Other

models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where

journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before

making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the

traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.

这个数字现在有所变化。依据OECD汇报，目前有75%的专业期刊在互联网上有在线阅读。全新的商务模式正在形成，汇报作者总结出其中三种。第一种是所谓的大订单模式，即机构团体订阅者通过签订网站协议付钱购置阅读一批刊物文章题目的权限。第二种为放开式出版模式，这种方法的典型特点是要求作者〔或其雇主〕付费发表文章。最后一种为放开式档案模式，即一些组织，比方大学或者国际实验室建立和维护的一些机构数据库。其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比方延期放开式是指某一些期刊在发表文章的前六个月只同意付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。至少对论文的发表来说，这些都将颠覆传统的同行批阅模式。

subscriber [səb'skraibə] n.订户,签署者,捐款者,认购者

【例】Write away now for the free album offered to every new subscriber. 请速来信订阅，新订户可免费猎取画册一本。

repository [ri'pɔzitəri] n.贮藏室，智囊团，知识库，仓库

【例】Once rules are defined, they're stored in a central repository. 一旦规则定下来，它们要集中存放在一处。

hybrid ['haibrid] n.杂种，混血儿，混合物；adj.混合的，杂种的 〔hybridism 杂交，混血

hybridity 杂种状态〕

【例】widely cultivated hybrid poker plant. 广泛种植的杂种植物。

2. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access,

where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making

it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.

【译文】其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比方延期放开式是指某一些期刊在发表文章的前六个月只同意付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。

【解析】such as后面引导从句，这句话以“其他模式〞领起，但实际上只重点举了一个例子。“where〞后面的句子都是以“delayed open-access〞作为先行词。

“其他的模式都是对这三种的不同组合，比方延期放开式是指某一些期刊在发表文章的前六个月只同意付费阅览，此后转为免费阅读。〞

26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses

[A] the background information of journal editing.

[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.

[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.

[D] the traditional process of journal publication.

26. 参考答案【D】【解析】此题考查的知识点是：第一段的主旨题。此题的题干是主旨题的一种常见形式，即The paragraph (passage)states(illustrates,discusses,deals with, is concerned about,

describes) 。因此接下来要推断哪个选项是第一段的主旨的概括，该段没有明显的主题句，各句子的重要性没有明显的差异，因此考生需要在理解句子所陈述的意思之后，概括出作者写这个段落的目的。综合各句子的含义可看出，第一段在让读者了解学术期刊的出版过程及特点。第一、二段开始两个表时间的词语used to be和No longer 相照应，说明这两段分别侧重介绍过去和现在的情况。

另解：概括段落大意。本文谈的是通过互联网发表研究成果的一种新方法，指出了三大业务模式。第一段先谈传统的杂志出版〔论文发表〕流程，以此引出话题，所以正确答案是D。A选项journal editing沾点边，但不吻合。做这类题及主题题型可以使用逆向法，即思路是：如果真要写journal editing的，那应该从如何编辑，如何取舍及一些编辑的细节入手，而本段明显不是。B离题更远，实验汇报，从何谈起呀？C作者与杂志社的关系，这个流程是涉及到，但要谈的不是这个。总之，此题从本段的内容，本段在全篇的作用，以及本文要谈的主题角度，可以确定正确答案。

27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?

[A] It criticizes government-funded research.

[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.

[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.

[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.

27. 参考答案【C】

【解析】选项从“…makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome

profits.〞一句可以分析得出。OECD的汇报没有谈到对政府出资的科研工程的评论，总结全新的互联网平台所促进的新的出版模式，而不是引进介绍一种新的方法。汇报本身也没有对科学研究带来好或者不好的影响。

［答案解析］A肯定不对，汇报并未批判政府资助的研究，是funding agencies批判commercial

publishers，也就是这些资助一些研究工程的机构质询商业出版机构，我出钱，是为社会受益，咋变成你受益了呢？这个选项错在张冠李戴。B也不对，汇报引进〔introduces〕了一种新的出版方法吗？不是它吧？谁呢？The Internet is making access to scientific results a reality.是Internet，对吧？C正确。Why? 实际上是考对这句话的理解：The report makes heavy reading for publishers. “heavy

reading〞是啥意思呢？费力的阅读。此处的heavy意为hard to do or accomplish; arduous。字面的意思是，这个汇报让猎取庞大利润的出版商们读起来费力。为什么读起来费力啊？是他们的词汇量不够读不懂吗？当然不是，结合文章所述内容，是因为这个汇报直指要害，触及了他们。读出了这层意思，C选项当然就可以大胆选啦！D选项不对，全文核心意思，是互联网出版方法会给科学研究带来庞大的好处，使得科学成果更简单被人分享。并不是这个汇报本身对科学研究带来多大好处。当然啦，这个汇报既然指出了这个趋势，或多或少总能让科研受益一些，但注意命题者还刻意加了一个considerably，一篇汇报能有如此“相当的〞作用？

28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that

[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.

[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.

[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.

[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.

28. 参考答案【A】

【解析】第二段第二句提到，网络使免费使用科研成果成为现实〔The internet…… is making access

to scienrific results a reality〕。外表上该句只是在谈网络的作用，但由于本文围绕“学术期刊出版〞展开论述，因此这里讲的就是网络出版的意义。

［答案解析］文中两句话决定A正确，一是The Internet is making access to scientific results a

reality. 二是The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research

depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. 也就是知识的价值在于其广泛传播和即时猎取，而互联网使得科学成果的很简单猎取变为现实。这不就是基于互联网的在线出版的重大意义吗！B不对，因为文章始终没有谈论研究者的获利问题，要说谈，它也只是谈了scientific publishing market是一个big business。而且，在线学术期刊的第二种业务模式〔open-access publishing〕，还得研究者自己掏腰包的！科学知识本身无比重要的作用不在本文商量范围，C不对。促进对科学研究的公共投资也无从谈起，D亦被轻松排解。

29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required

to

[A] cover the cost of its publication.

[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.

[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.

[D] complete the peer-review before submission.

29. 参考答案【A】

【解析】依据题干中关键词open-access publishing定位到第四段。该段共介绍了四种网络出版模式，“放开存取出版模式〞是第二种。文中提到它主要依靠作者或其雇主支付论文出版费用。[A]是文中〔asking the author to〕pay for the paper to be published的改写，为正确项。

［答案解析］考对这句话的理解：There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking

the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. 通过作者本人〔或其老板〕付费发表的方法支持开架在线阅览，注意，这里的付费，付什么费用呀？付给出版网站的费吗？我的想应该是发表论文的研究费用，A选项所指即这个，当然这是题外话。B乃空穴来风，毫无依据。C有肯定的干扰性，本来这层意思本文也是只字示提，但既然是open-access publishing嘛，那用户应该是可以免费使用的。但是不是other online journals也可以免费使用呢〔转载等〕，这似乎就走得远了点，原文并未提供这方面的信息，排解。D选项轻松排解。

30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?

[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.

[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.

[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.

[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.

30. 参考答案【B】

【解析】整篇文章都是在以客观的角度来介绍新的出版方法，没有表露作者的观点〔排解C〕，更没有

从传统出版商的角度来表示互联网是一种威胁〔排解A〕，而对D选项，全文则没有深刻展示。

［答案解析］一种新的出版方法，即在线出版正悄然兴起，乃本文主题，B选项正确。A选项不对，应该说互联网对传统出版行业构成威胁，但不威胁出版本身，在线出版商也是出版商啊。作者们欢迎不欢迎新的出版方法，一呢，咱们不得而知，二呢，绝非本文主题，C不对。在线效劳应该会使出版更加简单，但一未涉及，二非主题。