考研英语二 新题型 B 测试

英语二新题型练习（一）

?Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyreadinginformationfromtheleftcoluransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

“Universityhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedintheworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictorianThomasCarlyleWell,notanymoreitisnot.

Suddenly,uldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwi,wewantempathy,notinspiration.

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDebinsIllustribus-onFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)rince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.

Overtime,anticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthoroftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist’rast,theVictorianauthorSamuelSmilewroteself-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ofpatientpurposeresoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformationoftrulynobleandmanlycharacter,exhibit.”wroteSmile,“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.”HisbiographiesofJamesWatt,RichardArkwrightandJosianWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,pochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.

Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast.“Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggles,”m,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle,Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”

eofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,ewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudiransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.

[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes

ch

highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.

òMachia[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.

velli

[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.

Carlyle

[E]heldthathistoryshould

dEngel[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.

s

Smiles

[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.

练习（二）

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).uranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

y

n

help

syouremotions.

’toverthinkit

lypleased

things

ActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge.

(1)Asadults,itseemsthatwe’reconstantlypursuinghappiness,ldrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon’d,theylookaftertheirwesit’stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.

41___________.

(2)Whatdoesachilddowhenhe’ssad?’sangry??owup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon’tdictateourbehaviours,oftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,’feelappropriatelyandthen-again,likechildren-moveon.

42__________.

AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowas9yearsoldatthetime,lessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn’tbiggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,butthed,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.

43__________.

Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloohichwould,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.

44__________.

Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere’sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith-work,mortgagepayments,dultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit’hingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?)-itdoesn’tmatter,solongasthey’reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou’reonatightbudget.

45__________.

Havingsaidalloftheabove,it’simportanttoaddthatweshouldn’iststehinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid:“Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness.”Andinthat,oncemore,weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanaturalbyproductofthewaytheylive.

练习（三）

Directions:

themostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Livelikeapeasant

[B]Balanceyourdiet

[C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends

[D]Remembertotreatyourself

[E]Sticktowhatyouneed

[F]Planningisevervthing

[G]Wastenot,wantnot

ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiills,Tonyhas￡60aweektospend,￡40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning￡130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbetftrestaurants'"smarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."ltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,methevalidationandconfidencethatI''sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe''sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.

41._____________________

Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,nExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,ughing:it''salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.

42____________________________________________________________

Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;em,there'snouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.

43_________

Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'filledwithleftovers,bread,stock,ngaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff'willbecookedorjuiced.

44___________________________________

Everyonesaysthis,butchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,u'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyilletyouhaveforfree.?????

45__________________

Youwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21-morethan"'s￡16.95there-or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDomino's:IknowwhichI'drathereat.

练习（四）

Directions:

ReadturanswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuel

BOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft,oupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.

Theanswer,saysDrKroo,1914,andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresearchercalledCarlWieselsberger,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation—aV-shape,echelonorotherwise—flowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips,irdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag,issaman,anaeronauticsexpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedthataformationof25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaseof71%.

Whenappliedtoaircraft,andhisteammodelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallyswapplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions,undthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(withaconcomitantreductionincarbon-dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter.

Thereare,ofcourse,siderationissafety,assengersfeelcomfortabletravellinginconvoy?DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnauticalmiles,andwouldnotbeinthrtheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,sationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalguidelines.

Itremainstobeseenhowweathersofincreasedturbulence,theplanes’talsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpasircraft,incontrast,mightbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitaryflights.

Asithappens,America’rthisyearthecountry’sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigateformationflight,rereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar,butDrLissamansaystheyareap

ocryphal.“MyfatherwasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLancasterlostoverBerlin,”ouldknow.

gsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAirbusaircraft.

ashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.

ionflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplanes.

ethatweatherplaysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefined.

eendocumentedthatduringWorldWarII,America’sarmedforcesoncetriedformationflighttosavefuel.

练习（五）

Directions：ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcouransweronANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment’sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersimpose“fattaxes”onunhealthyfoodandintroducecigarette-stylewarningstochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.

Thedemandsfollowcommentsmadelastweekbythehealthsecretary,AndrewLansley,whoinsistedthegovernmentcouldnotforcepeopletomakehealthychoicesandpromisedtofreebusinessesfrompublichealthregulations.

Butseniormedicalfigureswanttostopfast-foodoutletsopeningnearschools,restrictadvertisingofproductshighinfat,saltorsugar,andlimitsponsorshipofsportseventsbyfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald’s.

TheyarguethatgovernmentactionisnecessarytocurbBritain’saddictiontounhealthyfoodandhelphaltspiralingratesofobesity,sorTerenceStephenson,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPaediatricsandChildHealth,saidthattheconsumptionofunhealthyfoodshouldbeseentobejustasdamagingassmokingorexcessivedrinking.

“Thirtyyearsago,itwouldhavebeeninconceivabletohaveimaginedabanonsmokingintheworkplaceorinpubs,illingtobejustascourageousinrespectofobesity?Iwouldsuggestthatweshouldbe,”saidtheleaderoftheUK’schildren’sdoctors.

LansleyhasalarmedhealthcampaignthatmanufacturersofcrispsandcandiescouldplayacentralroleintheChange4Lifecampaign,lsocriticizedthecelebritychefJamieOliver’shigh-profileattempttoimproveschoollunchesinEnglandasanexampleofhow“lecturing”peoplewasnotthebestwaytochangetheirbehaviour.

StphensonsuggestedpotentialrestrictionscouldincludebanningTVadvertisementsforfoodshighinfat,saltorsugarbefore9pmandlimitingthemonbillboardsorincinemas,“Ifwewerereallybold,wemightevenbegintothinkofhigh-caloriefastfoodinthesamewayascigarettes-bysettingstrictlimitsonadvertising,productplacementandsponsorshipofsportsevents,”hesaid.

SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s,-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering“inducements”suchastoys,cuteanimalsandmobilephonecredittolureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.

ProfessorDineshBhugra,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:“Ifchildrenaretaughtabouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationisavailableupfront.”

Healsourgedcouncilstoimpose“fast-food-freezones”aroundschoolsandhospitals-areaswithinwhichtakeawayscannotopen.

ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:“Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublcludescreatinganew‘responsibilitydeal’withpublishawhitepapersettingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis.”

Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecalltousesomeofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.

[A]“fattaxes”shouldbeimposedonfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald’s.

Lansleyheldthat [B]thegovernmentshouldbanfast-foodoutletsintheneighborhoodofschools.

eStephensonagreedthat

[C]“lecturing”wasaneffectivewaytoimproveschoollunchesinEngland.

liverseemedtobelievethat

[D]cigarette-stylewarningsshouldbeintroducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.

Bhugrasuggestedthat [E]theproducersofcrispsandcandiescouldcontributesignificantlytotheChange4Lifecampaign.

tmentofHealthspokepersonproposedthat

[F]parentsshouldsetgoodexamplesfortheirchildrenbykeepingahealthydietathome.

[G]thegovernmentshouldstrengt

henthesenseofresponsibilityamongbusinesses.

练习（六）

PartB

Directions：ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).uranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Youarenotalone

[B]Experiencehelpsyougrow

[C]Paveyourownuniquepath

[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal

[E]Thinkaboutthepresentmoment

[F]Don’tfearresponsibilityforyourlife

[G]Therearemanythingstobegratefulfor

SomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercomeToughTimes

Unfortunately,er,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,mesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyoushouldrememberthattheywon’tlastforever.

Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,rmore,theselossesmakeusmatureanosharetheseoldtruthsI’velearnedalongtheway.

41.

rmalhumanreactunately,riteactorWillSmithoncesaid,“risachoice.”Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.

42.

Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,feelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarehebeautyoessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbedesignedintothepresent.

43.

beeasilycaughtuprongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingaboutsomething.

44.

Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,eepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantstohelpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,haveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,avenofriendsorrelatives,trytoparticipateinseveralonlinecommunities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandencouragement.

45.

Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusyyoudeuarestrugglingtoachievesomethingimporteinyourskin,thinkyourownthoughts,haveyourownvaluesandmakeyourownchoices.

答案

练习（一）

41.【答案】A

【解析】本题答案锁定在第三自然段，第二行讲到“highlightingthevirtueofclassicalheroes”即彼特拉克在他的书中强调古典英雄的美德。答案A与此是完全对应的。

42.【答案】D

【解析】此题定位于第三自然段第五行，重点理解词组“turnonitshead”,意思为“tochangesthcompletely”，所以说尼可洛，马基雅维利的观点与彼特拉克的观点是相反的，开启了了解历史伟人的新局面。

43.【答案】G

【解析】此题定位于第四自然段的第四行，“Self-helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers”，塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯在他的书《成事在己》里面讲到了工程师，实业家，探险家的有意义的生活，G与此是对应的

44.【答案】C

【解析】此题定位于第五自然段第三行，“theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate”，托马斯，卡莱尔描述了一些穿越苦难的划时代的人物。C对应了此答案。

45.【答案】E

【解析】此题定位于第六自然段第五行，“historyshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle”，答案E与此句是完全对应的。

练习（二）

意料之中的小标题。首先明确7个选项的意思。

首先应当把握本文的出发点，也就是41题目之前的关键句：我们应该从孩子身上学习一些东西。“捉住本中心，每个标题都是提醒成人可以从孩子身上得到一些启示。

41.C表达情感。开头以问句的方式：“孩子悲伤时会怎样?孩子生气时会如何?他们的表达方式与大人不同，成人更多会选择压抑情感，并且会有不好的后果，比如致病。紧接着最后一句算是总结句：我们要找到一种合适的方式表达，像孩子那样。重点在哪里?整段不离的中心意思，重复的出现那就是情感的表达喽。选项为C

42.E举例子的目的无非是为了证明观点。但是从例子也是可以总结出想要表达的意思的。讲到一个小女孩因为一个廉价的圣诞礼物就可以高兴，并且很快乐，就旨在讲小小的幸福。再来看看例子后面的观点。提到成人的世界里所谓的车啊，房啊之类的貌似会让我们幸福的东西其实不然。所以一个instead直接把本段的中心意思表达了出来，那就是幸福来自于小小的事情。对应选项E

43.A一句话出现在第二句。问句之后，如果我们能够“愚蠢“那么一点点，我们将会有各种好处，对不对。那么这一段几乎大段的篇幅都花在这一句上了，主旨更加明显那就是：去这样做吧。Besilly.

44.B这一段讲到成人的世界里的确有太多让人烦恼的东西，Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove享受自己喜欢的东西也是很重要的。接下来举例子，各种具体事例说明那些我们可以做的可以享受的事情，并且最后说出了他们的好处。从前往后一直再说我们应该放松，享受。所以啊，在剩下的可选择的选项中只有havefuns比较合适了。

45.D不要可以去想怎样才幸福，应用了哲人的一句话来说明这个道理，旨在告诉大家当让是过程就是幸福的了。最后可以用排除法。G寻求帮助根本未提及。F选项可以直接排除。那么对应关系，来看看D不要想太多。“无欲无求，本就是幸福啦。“最终选定D

练习（三）

PartB

41F

42E

43G

44C

45D

【答案详解】

2013年新题型不出所料，考到了《大纲》里出现的，但过去三年里还没有考到过的小标题对应题。根据大纲要求，小标题对应题考查的是考生总结信息、理解信息的能力。其解题方法类似于阅读A部分的主旨大意题，只是阅读A要求概括的是文章的主旨，而此种题型要求概括的是段落大意。那么，解题的时候，考生应该抓住的是段落的主旨，须关注主旨句常常出现的位置，即段落的首尾句，那么解题时必将事半功倍。

41.[正确答案]:F

[答案解析]本段第一句后半句出现了结论性的词so，因此是做题时需关注的重点。这句话意为“因此要提前计划好你每周的食谱”。后面第二句第三句都用作者自己的例子来论证提前计划的好处，故能判断出第一句为本段主题句。选项Fplanningiseverything,计划最重要，能够概括本段大意，故为正确答案。

42.[正确答案]:E

[答案解析]本段最后一句话“如果你安排合理，就能知道你需要的只是，比如350克牛胫骨和6片培根，而不是超市冷柜里里重量已定的预先包装好的东西”也就是说，提前计划好的话，可以按照自己预想的分量购买自己需要的食品。故只有E选项sticktowhatyouneed符合本段的主题，为正确选项。

43.[正确答案]:G

[答案解析]本段第一句说“你可能会很骄傲的宣称你冰箱里剩下的只有冷冻的豌豆了，这并不很好。”最后一句话说“如果你有多余的蔬菜，可以做个蔬菜汤，快要坏掉的水果也可以做成菜或者榨成汁”。因此本段的主旨在于虽然计划很重要，但多余的东西也并不会被浪费掉，G选项wastenot,wantnot与本段的主旨一致，为正确答案。

44.[正确答案]:C

[答案解析]本段首句说“对节俭的人来说，这是最好的小建议”。随后提到去小卖店买东西的时候要特别友好，这样的话很快你就可以很自在的询问他们是否有一些零零碎碎的你需要的食材，而且很可能都是免费的。故C选项Shopkeepersareyourfriends符合本段主旨，为正确答案。

45.[正确答案]:D

[答案解析]本段首句说“你不经常出去吃饭，但每隔几个月要用的钱去个好的饭店好好吃顿午餐”。因此选项DRemembertotreatyourself是本题的正确答案。

练习（四）

41.F42.T43.T44.T45.F

练习（五）

41．E。原文第6段第2行：manufacturerofcrisps….PlayacentralroleintheChangeforlife….

42．D。原文第7段全部。

43．C。原文第6段第5行JamieOliver处。

44．F。原文第10段：imposefast-food-freezone。

45．G。原文第11段全部。

练习（六）

fyourfearsareunreal

aboutthe[resentmoment

aremanythingstobegratefulfor

enotalone

ourownuniquepath