2018年高考英语专题三 阅读理解 第二步 真题演练(一) 含答案

真题演练(一) [2017·江苏]

A

语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文中作者向读者推荐了一本有关历史的书并介绍了其相关

信息。

56．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?

A．A biography. B．A travel guide.

C．A history book.

答案 C

D．A science fiction.

解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“While CHRONOLOGICA tells his book

”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本书，再根据文章开头所说的这是一次穿越时间的

迷人旅行(a fascinating journey through time)可判断这是一本历史书。故选C项。

57．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?

A．By giving details of its collection.

B．By introducing some of its contents.

C．By telling stories at the beginning.

D．By comparing it with other books.

答案 B

解析 推理判断题。通读文章可知，作者提到了这本书的部分内容——罗马的建立，因特网

的缔造，罗马皇帝及百年战争等。故选B项。

B

Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds

and can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that

of a female when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，

birds could rule the recently reported in The Auk：

Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to

sing even before they hatch(孵化)．New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a

few days of entering the world.

This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at

Flinders University in South Australia，and her Australian superb fairy wrens

were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their the eggs were

hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their

regular “feed me！” call.

To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the

red-backed fairy wren，another species of Australian they collected sound data from

67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after they identified begging calls by

analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by

mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.

It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their the

more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’ begging

addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most

closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.

This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统

的) strengths of children to evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent，do

you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer

asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”

语篇解读 这是一篇科普类的说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚的一位生物学家通过研究发现，

鸟儿在孵化时会进行胎教，幼鸟会用胎教时学会的鸟叫声来引起鸟妈妈的关注。鸟儿在胎教

方面比人类更出色。

58．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “ ”．

A．be the worst

C．be just as bad

答案 B

解析 词义猜测题。画线部分前面的语境说，婴儿在出生之前就能分辨很大的声响与人的嗓

音(tell the difference between loud sounds and voices)；画线部分后面的语境说，有些鸟妈妈在

鸟儿被孵化出来之前，就可能教它们啼叫(teach their young to sing)。通过对比画线部分的前

后我们发现，这里说的是与人类相比，鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得最好(be the best)，因此选B。

59．What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?

A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.

B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.

C．The data collected from Queensland’s locals.

D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的研究过程和第四段的研究结果可知，他的发现基于A项(鸟

妈妈与幼鸟叫声的相似之处)。

B．be the best

D．be just as good

60．Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .

A．can receive quality signals

B．are in need of training

C．fit the environment better

D．make the loudest call

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。文章最后两段说，研究结果发现，叫声与鸟妈妈的声音很接近的幼鸟得

到的食物最多(the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with

the most food)，这表明，有效的胎教能够把孩子神经系统的优点发信号给母亲(signal

neurological strengths of children to parents)。从这些信息判断，胎教能帮助鸟妈妈识别出更能

适应环境的幼鸟，因此选C项。

C

A new commodity brings about a highly profitable，fast-growing industry，urging antitrust(反

垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow.A century ago，the resource in

question was similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头) that deal in data，the oil

of the digital most valuable firms are Google，Amazon，Facebook and look

unstoppable.

Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken size alone is not a

giants’ success has benefited want to live without search engines or a

quick from charging consumers high prices，many of these services are free (users

pay，in effect，by handing over yet more data)．And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that

newcomers can make waves，too.

But there is cause for Internet has made data abundant，all-present and far more

valuable，changing the nature of data and initially used the data collected from

users to target advertising recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new

services：translation and visual recognition，to be sold to other et companies’

control of data gives them enormous they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in

their own markets and beyond.

This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less ng up firms like

Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves：in time，one of them would

become great again.A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent，two

ideas stand out.

The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st

considering a merger(兼并)，for example，they have traditionally used size to

determine when to step now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资

产) when assessing the impact of purchase price could also be a signal that an established

company is buying a new-born this takes place，especially when a new-born company

has no revenue to speak of，the regulators should raise red flags.

The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data

and give more to those who supply ies could be forced to reveal to consumers what

information they hold and how much money they make from ments could order the

sharing of certain kinds of data，with users’ consent.

Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be if governments don’t want a

data economy controlled by a few giants，they must act soon.

语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。随着网络的发展，有些大型数据公司控制着大量的数据。人

们呼吁把这些巨头拆分。但问题的根源不在这里，反垄断部门应该出面打破这些公司的数据

垄断局面，给小公司更多的生存机会。

61．Why is there a call to break up giants?

A．They have controlled the data market.

B．They collect enormous private data.

C．They no longer provide free services.

D．They dismissed some new-born giants.

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。由第一段内容可知，信息犹如我们这个数据时代的石油，谷歌、亚马逊

等这些巨头掌控着信息，成为最有价值的公司。这种情况导致人们要求把这些巨头拆分，由

此可知选A项。

62．What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?

A．Data giants’ technology is very expensive.

B．Google’s idea is popular among data firms.

C．Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.

D．Data can be turned into new services or products.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。题干直指第三段。该段说网络丰富的资源改变了数据和竞争的本质，然

后举例说谷歌使用这些数据来开展一些服务性的项目，比如翻译和声音识别，另外，网络公

司对数据的控制给了他们巨大的权力(Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous

power.)。根据这些信息判断选C项(拥有数据能够巩固网络巨头的控制地位)。

63．By paying attention to firms’ data assets，antitrust regulators could .

A．kill a new threat

C．favour bigger firms

答案 B

解析 推理判断题。题干的data assets告诉我们，本题的答案在第五段。该段的核心话题是

反垄断部门也应该与时俱进(move from the industrial age into the 21st century)。传统的介入兼

并的行为首先要考虑规模的大小(traditionally used size to determine when to step in)，但是现在

应该考虑公司数据资产的情况(the extent of firms’ data assets)。当成熟的公司买入可能会对

自己构成威胁的新公司时，反垄断部门就应该举示警红旗(should raise red flags)。由此推断，

现在反垄断部门应该考虑被兼并公司的数据资产，而不是落入传统的公司规模大小这个陷阱，

因此选B项。

64．What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?

A．Big companies could relieve data security pressure.

B．Governments could relieve their financial pressure.

C．Consumers could better protect their privacy.

D．Small companies could get more opportunities.

答案 D

解析 推理判断题。根据题干的loosening the giants’ control of data，我们把解题信息定位在

第六段。该段说第二个原则就是放松这些巨头对数据的控制：放松网络服务的供应商对网络数

据的控制，对提供这些数据的人应该给予更多，而且得到用户的同意之后，应该分享某些数据。

根据这些信息推断，加强对巨头的控制，小公司就能得到更多的发展机会，因此选D项。

B．avoid the size trap

D．charge higher prices

D

Old Problem，New Approaches

While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warming will continue for

some decades after CO

2

emissions(排放) even if emissions were to begin to decrease

today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate I will stress some

smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.

When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a

are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of

is why，in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that：“There is

no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and

carry little risk or cost.

Around the world，people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor

have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent ed

Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only not-for-profit organization runs 100

river boats that serve as floating libraries，schools，and health clinics，and are equipped with solar

panels and other communicating is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace

flooded roads and he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show

people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.

Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being g Norphel lives in a

mountainous region in India，where he is known as the Ice loss of glaciers(冰川) there

due to global warming represents an enormous threat to t the glaciers，water will

arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage l’s inspiration came from seeing the

waste of water over winter，when it was not directed the wasted water into shallow

basins where it froze，and was stored until the fields of ice supply perfectly timed

irrigation(灌溉) created nine such ice reserves，Norphel calculates that he has stored

about 200,000m

3

of e change is a continuing process，so Norphel’s ice reserves will

not last g will overtake he is providing a few years during which the

farmers will，perhaps，be able to find other means of adapting.

Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the southern Spain the sudden increase of

greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally，and actually

cooled the Spain as a whole is heating up quickly，temperatures near the greenhouses

have example should act as an inspiration for all painting buildings white，

cities may slow down the warming process.

In Peru，local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to

climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added

reflectiveness will restore the life-giving outcome is still far from the World Bank

has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．

More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area

of land in western five generations the land has been too wet for during

the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable s in many

countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce，or by growing the same

things is common some suggestions for adapting are the

polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice

but to adapt，it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.

Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing

the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less

carbon all，if we adapt in that way，we may avoid the need to change in so many

others.

语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。尽管清洁能源在我们日常生活中的使用量已经增加，但在

二氧化碳的排放峰值之后，全球变暖仍将持续几十年。为了应对这一气候变化，各个国家

不同地区的人们纷纷出谋划策并萌生了很多颇有创意的想法。但作者认为减少碳的排放是

重中之重。

65．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .

A．adaptation is an ever-changing process

B．the cost of adaptation varies with time

C．global warming affects adaptation forms

D．adaptation to climate change is challenging

答案 A

解析 句意猜测题。由第二段首句中的“climate change is a process”可知，气候变化是一个

过程，所以适应也不是一成不变的，故对画线部分“没有一码通吃的适应之道”的正确理解

应该是A项“适应是个不断变化的过程”。

66．What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?

A．The project receives government support.

B．Different organizations work with each other.

C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.

D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw

only disaster.”可知Rezwan的组织在别人认为是灾难的地方看到了机会，故选C项“他的组

织充分利用坏形势”。

67．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?

A．Storing ice for future use.

B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.

C．Changing the irrigation time.

D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。由第四段可知Ice Man的做法是把废水引入浅的洼地并冻住，储存到春

天用来灌溉田地，由此可知A项“储存冰为将来之用”正确。

68．What do we learn from the Peru example?

A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.

B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.

C．This country is heating up too quickly.

D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。由倒数第三段首句可知，秘鲁当地的农民开始把整个山顶刷成白色，希

望增加的反射能修复冰，由此可知，阳光反射可以减缓全球变暖，故选D项。

69．According to the author，polluting industries should .

A．adapt to carbon pollution

B．plant highly profitable crops

C．leave carbon emission alone

D．fight against carbon pollution

答案 D

解析 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知污染企业争辩说在控制碳污染的战争中我们已经失败，

别无选择只能适应，但作者认为这是一派胡言，是像往常一样为商业自身编造的理由。由此

可推断，作者认为污染企业应该与碳污染作斗争，故D项正确。

70．What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?

A．Setting up a new standard.

B．Reducing carbon emission.

C．Adapting to climate change.

D．Monitoring polluting industries.

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to

adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知作者认为最明智的适应方式是减

少碳的排放，故选B项。