专题09 阅读理解七选五(知识串讲+名校最新期末真题15篇) (原卷版

专题09

阅读理解七选五15篇

(知识串讲+名校最新期末真题)

设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类;选项大多为完整句子,句型不一。阅读补全以考查补全细节句为主,以考查过渡句、主旨句为辅。

解题技巧：

1.通过设题位置判断

（1）段首设空一般找能概括该段中心意思的选项。

（2）段尾设空一般找能总结归纳该段的选项。

段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：

挖空位置

段首题

逻辑关系

主旨句

承上启下句

具体解读

常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。

此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。

前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样例证关系

性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in

fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。

若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转转折关系

折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, however, yet,

while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead,

nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。

段中题

因果关系

表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。

若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides,

递进关系

further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's more, what's

worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not

only ... but also等。

并列关系 表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first,

then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another

thing; then/next, finally/last等。

段尾题 总结句

承上启下句

2.通过标点符号判断

用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。

此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。

当设空处后为逗号且逗号后面的句子结构完整时，可判断该空应为状语从句。

3.根据语境线索判断

语境线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指代、同构等。

（1）“词语重现”不仅指词语的简单出现，而且指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。

（2）“逻辑”指事物之间存在的必然的关系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。

（3）“指代”是指用代词代替前文提到过的人物、事件、物品等，如 it，he，she，they等。

（4）“同构”是指上下文使用同一结构或类似的句子。

（2022·山东·安丘市普通教育教学研究室高一期末）Tourism is travelling for pleasure or to enjoy

yourself away from the place you live. In the last few decades tourism has grown very much, mostly because

people s lifestyles have changed. ____1____ They spend more money on travelling than previous generations did.

Travelling has also become cheaper and more affordable. The rise of budget airlines has made it possible to afford

trips to faraway countries.

People have been travelling for pleasure since ancient times. In ancient Egypt, religious festivals attracted

people from the whole Nile Valley. ____2____ Romans travelled to Greece, Sicily and other places in the empire.

Wealthy Romans had second homes near the sea where they spent the summer.

In the 19th century the invention of the steam engine made it possible for people to travel by boat and train.

Regular passenger services from Europe to America started in the 20th century. ____3____ In the 1960s going on

holidays by plane became affordable for many.

____4____ In many countries it is the most important largest source of income. Global tourism is growing at

a rate of 4% a year. The tourist industry provides jobs and brings a country foreign currencies. Many groups profit

from tourism: travel agencies, store owners, airports and airlines, hotels, restaurants, etc.

In the past years there has been a trend towards shorter holiday breaks during the year. People like to take a

few days off to travel. The internet has changed the way people organize their holidays. ____5____

A．Tourism is a worldwide industry.

B．People do this for many different reasons.

C．They don’t want to stay at home any more.

D．Booking tickets online is easy and prices are often lower.

E．Ancient Greeks travelled regularly to the site of their gods.

F．However, mass tourism, can also lead to environmental problems.

G．The invention of the automobile made it possible to travel larger distances by car.

（2022·广西·浦北中学高一期末）Are you stressed out, scared or worried all the time? Do you avoid going

to certain places, seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worries? Do your worries keep you awake

at night? ____6____

Anxiety is a normal and necessary part of life. Anxiety is your brain’s way of telling you about danger. It is

anxiety that helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards you. But if it gets out of hand, anxiety can

get in the way of you getting on with life and can become a real problem. ____7____

Anxiety is a normal part of life. ____8____ There are lots of reasons for this. One main reason is after

stressful thing which has happened in your life. So if you are involved in a car crash, it’s quite likely that you will

be more worried than other people around cars and driving.

____9____ If your parents suffer from anxiety, then you are more likely to be anxious too. This is probably

partly due to genetics, and partly because of how things are when you’re growing up.

Even though people don’t talk about it much, anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems.

About 1 in 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their life.

If you have an anxiety problem, it’s hard for other people to understand why something that doesn’t worry

them, like being in a crowd of people, can be so scary for you. This can make you feel separated and lonely, as

way become worse and worse.

____10____ These include talking therapies (疗法) and drugs.

A．Being anxious also probably runs in families.

B．If you’ve answered yes, you may be suffering from anxiety.

C．Those suffering from anxiety need others’ understanding badly.

D．Almost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situations.

E．The good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxiety.

F．If this is the case for you, treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under control.

G．Some people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get overly anxious in certain situation.

（2022·广东·新会陈经纶中学高一期末）Have you ever found yourself saying “I’ll never do that again”,

only to find yourself doing the exact same thing just a short time later? ____11____ It seems all of us have

repeated some of our mistakes at one time or another. The good news is that you can take steps to learn from your

mistakes.

Admit your mistakes.

Don’t blame anyone or anything else. Don’t try to hide your mistake or pretend it didn’t happen. Admitting

mistakes does not make you look weak. ____12____ When you admit mistakes, you help develop a culture of

open communication and a willingness to improve by showing that you want to learn from the mistake.

Ask yourself questions.

Even though you don’t want to face your mistakes, thinking about them carefully can be helpful. Ask

yourself a few questions. What went wrong? What could I do better next time? What did I learn from this?

____13____ Seeing your answers on paper can help you think more logically about your experience.

Make a plan.

Keeping feeling sorry for your mistakes won’t help you.____14____ Make a plan that will help you avoid

making a similar mistake. Be as detailed as possible but remain flexible since your plan may need to be changed.

____15____

Sometimes people will point out your mistakes. Find someone who is wise and dependable and who is

willing to listen to your explanations of what you’ve tried so far. If you can ask for advice from an expert, that

couldn’t be better.

A．Listen to other people.

B．If so, you’re not alone.

C．It actually makes you look strong.

D．Bad habits can lead to serious mistakes.

E．Consider your actions from an outsider’s view.

F．Write down your answers and you’ll see the situation more clearly.

G．It’s important to spend time thinking about how to do better in the future.

（2022·江苏·南京市第二十九中学高一期末）When did you last write a letter? Properly write one-by

hand? In a digital world, where sending a text or email is far more convenient than using snail mail (传统信件), is

it still necessary to write with traditional pen and paper? Well, some people believe that writing still has many

benefits. _____16_____

These days, When people request things in writing, a typed, electronic document will be accepted.

_____17_____ But making a handwritten document is unique: It requires planning and thought, and, as well as

practicing your handwriting, it helps you to remember spelling and punctuation（标点）.

_____18_____ This is particularly relevant for students, where typing notes into a laptop is thought to lack

the “tactile (触觉的) feedback” to the brain that contact between pen and paper does. BBC Worklife website

quotes Hetty Roessing from the University of Calgary, who says that “taking notes by hand involves cognitive (认知的) engagement in summarizing, paraphrasing, organizing, concept and vocabulary mapping.” Others agree that

handwriting may boost fine motor skills in your hands and fingers.

There are everyday benefits to using pen and paper too. Drawing notes, shopping lists, or messages on the

back of an envelope can still be useful, quick and portable. _____19_____ Pen pal writer Katherine Moller told

the BBC: “In a world where it is so easy to hop online to email or to send a fast text, it is so personal and so

precious to know someone chose to turn off the virtual world to spend some time with you.”

So, while digital skills remain important, don’t write off your pens and pencils yet.---- _____20_____

A．After all, we can’t ignore the benefits handwriting bring to us.

B．So maybe it’s not time to throw away your pens or pencils yet.

C．Especially if your smartphone, tablet or laptop runs out of power!

D．And writing a letter to a friend is a good way to practise handwriting.

E．Some experts believe your brain benefits from using old-fashioned pen and paper.

F．Doing this on a computer means it could be saved,

edited, copied and sent via email.

G．But putting pen to paper in a letter to a friend or loved one can probably have the most impact.

（2022·山东·胶州市教育体育局教学研究室高一期末）Language is part of our daily lives, no matter

where we live in the world. Similarly, music is a part of many people’s lives. ___21___ Here are some of their

similarities.

Both language and music have a writing system

In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes to

keep a record of music. Just as you are reading this collection of letters on the paper and find meaning in it,

musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music which we can hear. ___22___ For example, we can

read the ideas or hear the composition of someone who lived hundreds of years ago, which is really quite exciting.

Both vary with culture

___23___ In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, which gives us the

opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music. This also means that there is something for

everyone! Even if you don’t like Britpop melodies, you may love the energy of Latin American salsa music.

Both share emotion

How do you know that I am angry? ___24___ Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can

show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy,

you might want to sing and dance to a happy song. ___25___

A．Different culture makes different music.

B．Both language and music play a huge role in our lives.

C．You can guess where someone is from by listening to their language.

D．By reading pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time.

E．In contrast, you have probably also listened to sad music when you were feeling down.

F．Of course, you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words.

G．We have all used music to express our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics.

（2022·内蒙古·镶黄旗第一中学高一期末）How does it feel when someone listens to you without

interrupting (打断) or giving their opinion ? This is called active listening._____26_____

What is active listening ?

Active listening means trying to understand how someone feels by listening carefully to what they’re saying

and by paying attention to their body language.

Annie , aged 11, explains what it means to her. “When my friend tells me something important, I listen to

what they’re trying to say. I can tell by the tone (语气) of their voice and the look on their face if they’re sad or

happy._____27_____ When you’re actively listening to someone, you’re focusing (集中注意力) on them, which

can make them feel valued.”

How is active listening good for me ?

Listening closely to someone without interrupting or giving your own opinion shows that you’re interested in

what they’re saying , even if you don’ t agree. _____28_____ It’s also a good way to improve your empathy(共鸣)

skills. Empathy is the ability to understand the feelings of other people.

_____29_____

Listen carefully to what your friend is saying, and avoid jumping in with your own thoughts and feelings. If

you get the urge (强烈的欲望) to talk , make a listening sign like nodding your head instead. Ask questions or say

things that need more than a yes or no answer, like “Tell me more”. _____30_____“Active listening is a skill and

it takes practice, but don’t give up, and remember you can only do your best ,” says Samaritans, an organization

that supports people by listening to their worries.

A．How can I become an active listener?

B．Why is listening important to me?

C．This makes me feel like I understand them better.

D．Instead, you’re focusing on what’s going on around you.

E．Try watching how they’re feeling in their face and body too.

F．This helps to avoid mistakes and arguments and can strengthen friendships.

G．It is a great way to understand other people’s feelings and build trust between friends.

（2022·江西·南昌县莲塘第一中学高一期末）In her 40s, Dierdre Wolownick taught herself to swim. In

her 50s, she took up running. ____31____ At 66, Wolownick made a record-breaking ascent (攀登) of El Capitan,

Yosemite National Park’s granite monolith that has some of the longest, most challenging rock climbing routes in

the world.

Wolownick had one of the most skilled rock climbers in the world guiding her: her famous son Alex

Honnold, the star of the 2018 Oscar-winning documentary Free Solo. The film tells her son’s breathtaking journey

to becoming the first person to climb El Capitan. ____32____

Reaching the top of El Capitan in 2017, Wolownick became the oldest woman to make that ascent.

____33____ In late September, Wolownick climbed El Capitan again to celebrate her 70th birthday. On that

adventure, she climbed up along an easier route that climbers typically use to descend. It took her six hours to

reach the top, and after camping there overnight, she came down in 6.5 hours the next day.

____34____ Growing up in New York, Wolownick painted and played the piano in Jackson Heights, Queens.

As an adult, she taught five languages and wrote books, including a 2019 memoir The Sharp End of Life: A

Mother’s Story, which is in part about her first El Capitan ascent. In 1990, she founded an orchestra in West

Sacramento and conducted it.

“There certainly was no danger in those things. ____35____ But none of them was really physical,” she said.

“I never in a million years thought that I could climb El Capitan.”

A．However, she has not slowed down.

B．Then, at 60, she became a rock climber.

C．She gave full support for her son’s career.

D．But my feet no longer work the way they should.

E．They were wonderful, greatly satisfying things.

F．His climb didn’t use any rope or safety equipment at all.

G．The tiring climbs were quite different from Wolownick’s life before.

（2022·江苏·东海县教育局教研室高一期末）Commonly, to better remember what is taught in class,

students often take notes in class just by writing something important down in their books or marking some

significant parts. However, visual methods of processing materials are more effective to remember the important

information of a text.

Note-taking practices like mind-mapping lead students to organize their thoughts visually, helping them

understand and remember the contents. ___36___

Rethink your paper. Encourage students to play with spacing, vary text sizes, and add symbols(符号)

anywhere on the page.

Start with a little practice. ___37___ So try to encourage them to start off just scribbling(草草地写).

Develop a symbolic language. Educator Wendi Pillars has students recognize 10 key words or concepts from

the current learning materials. He begins developing a visual collection of shorthand(速记). ___38___Eventually,

Students will develop their own vocabularies and visual note-taking styles.

Keep it low-vividness(逼真度). Communicate to your students that there’s no need to use visual note-taking

techniques. ___39___ But students can find a way to comb the relationships between topics and concepts.

___40___ Diagrams, freehand drawing, mind-mapping, and similar techniques are ways to get students’

thoughts down on paper. Attaching a grade to visual note-taking might prevent the student as they struggle to

understand the difficult material, so provide reflection rather than a grade.

If you want to make your note-making effective, you can try these visual methods of processing materials.

A．Skip the grading.

B．Remark on the paper.

C．Everybody can refer to it when taking notes.

D．They can’t use their own ways to draw mind maps.

E．Here are some ways to introduce visual note-taking.

F．The process isn’t about ensuring that drawings look good.

G．Not all students will welcome the visual methods at first.

（2022·云南·德宏傣族景颇族自治州教育体育局教育科学研究所高一期末）Nowadays, in many places

of the world, kids play soccer less than before. ___41___ Besides, many parents don’t know soccer’s real help to

kids. Here are some reasons why kids should play the beautiful game.

Soccer is a team sport.

Teamwork is a life skill that kids need to learn. Being part of a team isn’t just about learning how to work

together and share talents. It’s also about teaching kids how to face failure. It doesn’t end there, either. Being part

of a team lets kids know how to take responsibility for their behavior.___42___

Soccer shapes motor skills (运动技能).

Nowadays, many kids prefer to stay in their rooms to have fun through TV, video games and

smartphones.___43___It can cause them to lose out on valuable motor skills. By playing youth soccer, kids get a

chance to develop their physical strength and motor skills.

___44___

Soccer can improve students’ concentration (专注) in the classroom. Besides, soccer is a fast-paced game, so

kids can learn how to solve problems quickly. Plus, soccer is a sport which involves getting the ball from point A

to point B．So kids’ visual-spatial (视觉空间) ability can be improved when they play the game, which can help

them learn subjects like Physics.

Soccer improves the personal character.

The World Health Organization recommends kid get at least 60 minutes of exercises daily. This isn’t only for

the physical benefits but also for the benefits to the personal character. ___45___ And these kids often have more

self-confidence.

A．Youth soccer helps improve family relationships.

B．So they have less time outdoors for sports.

C．Soccer plays a part in school performance.

D．Being part of a team can help you make many friends.

E．One cause is that many kids are busy with their studies.

F．Usually kids who like sports such as soccer are more outgoing.

G．After all, if one player performs badly, the rest of the team will suffer for it.

（2020·北京市第四十四中学高一期末）It is easy for some people to learn a second language. However,

others have difficulty in learning a new language. What can you do to help yourself learn a second language, such

as English?___46___

1. Feel positive about learning English. __47__Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at

once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other

words, do not worry about taking risks.

2. Practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will form a habit of writing it in English,

and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English.___48___In addition, you must speak English

every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will

become comfortable communicating in English.

3. __49__You can write this in your journal. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a

question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you

tried to understand it.

You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it.

It is important to practice every

day and make a record of your achievements. ___50___

A．Go over the points you have learned.

B．Keep a record of your language learning.

C．Don’t give up when you meet some difficulty.

D．If you believe that you can learn, you will learn.

E．Several weeks later, you will see that your writing is improving.

F．You will enjoy learning English, and you will feel more confident in yourself.

G．There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.

（2022·山东潍坊·高一期末）The modern garden has history going back many thousands of years. Early

humans were hunters and gatherers, and didn’t usually stay in one place for a long time. ____51____ During the

Neolithic period, humans started to remain in one place and grow their own food.

What plants did people grow?

Evidence of early agriculture in Europe includes not only eatable plants such as wheat, but also plants for

decorative purposes. Plants for medicine were grown, as were plants for flavouring (调味) or preserving food.

____52____ They were not only grown because they were useful or eatable.

Why did people plant gardens?

Gardens today are places to go and relax, but have had many purposes over the years. In the past they were

planted to honour the gods, or used in religious ceremonies such as funerals and weddings. They were also a way

to show that their owners were rich or powerful. ____53____ In Roman times the garden became an extension of

the house, representing the owner’s status (地位) in society.

What does paradise mean?

____54____ The ancient Greeks believed growing food was a job for the poor, but gardens were places for

enjoyment. The English word paradise comes from the ancient Persian word pairidaeza — meaning a walled

space: a garden. The gardens of the Middle East were places of great beauty where people enjoyed the pleasures

of life.

Are gardens artistic?

As gardens have developed over the years, design and beauty have become more and more important.

____55____ The gardens of Versailles, in France, are an excellent example of garden architecture — everything is

pruned (修建) to fit in with the design.

A．Many cultures believed gardens were sacred.

B．Certain plants also had religious or spiritual value.

C．Pleasure and happiness are ideas linked with gardens.

D．Ancient rulers created huge gardens to show their wealth.

E．Instead, they travelled from place to place following the food.

F．Humans have learned to control nature and to design gardens carefully.

G．Carefully planned or not, gardens are still beautiful and relaxing places to visit.

（2022·山东·肥城市教学研究中心高一期末）Do you want to be at the top of your class? Add these tips to

your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!

___56___ I cannot stress enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you.

Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially

during lectures.

Taking notes is important. You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down

what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. ___57___ This way it will

help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.

Don’t skip school. You will be missing out on stuff. ___58___ However, you will have more work and you

have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class. It’s most likely that your teacher won’t

appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.

Keep a good attitude towards things. If you have an “I don’t care about school or this class” attitude, then

teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for a lazy attitude.

Have a respectful attitude to teachers and other students. ___59___

Always ask questions. ___60___ If you don’t understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and

then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.

A．Be prepared.

B．Write in your own words.

C．Staying organised will be helpful.

D．There is no shame in needing some help.

E．Pay attention to everything the teacher says.

F．It is true that you could make up the work.

G．Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.

（2022·宁夏·银川唐徕回民中学高一期末）It happens every night — bedtime. But what if you’re not

sleepy? Should you still go to bed and just lie there with your eyes wide open? ___61___ But don’t worry. Here

are some steps you can take to help you fall asleep.

One thing that can help is talking to a parent about what you’re thinking about at bedtime. For example, if

you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased at school, it can really help to tell somebody.

____62____

____63____ If there’s anything about your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious at night, like a

picture that looks strange in the dark, or a leaking bathroom tap, ask your parent to move or fix it. Make sure

electronics are kept away from your bed as their lights and noise can make it harder for you to fall asleep.

If you’re often nervous around bedtime, doing certain things to calm yourself may help you fall asleep.

Taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before bed may help you relax. It also

helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. ____64____

In order to find the right solution for you, it’s important that you understand what exactly is keeping you up

at night. ____65____ Your body will thank you for the effort.

A．Take the time to think about the problem carefully.

B．But what works for others may not necessarily work for you.

C．Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is ideal.

D．In this way, your body will get the message that it’s almost time to sleep.

E．Calming music played at a low volume can help the stress flow out of your body.

F．It’s a problem that has been around as long as there have been people trying to sleep.

G．Knowing that somebody has heard you can help ease your mind so that you can rest.

（2022·山东·德州市教育科学研究院高一期末）It's difficult not to admire the talent of a skilled musician.

Whether it is a pianist, a violinist or a drummer, these individuals have shown devotion and passion over a long

period of time to reach the highest levels of performance. But they say it is never too late to learn a musical

instrument.____66____

Learning to play an instrument when growing up can improve hearing in adulthood. According to a study by

Professor Nina Kraus, children who played musical instruments were better at recognizing different frequencies.

This enhanced hearing skill into later er, it could also have some academic benefits too, ____67____

For the adults who don't have the opportunity to learn one in childhood, whether you choose to play the

piano. or learn a drumbeat, you could end up joining a band or orchestra. This can in turn enrich your social life.

____68____ Mastering the perfect chord is one way, but what if you got together with a bunch of friends and

entered into a competition-and won?

____69____ Obviously, picking up an instrument can help them kill time. But more importantly,it can

effectively prevent them from dementia(老年痴呆)as several regions in the brain are active in the process of

playing instruments.

____70____ Why not begin by yourself? Chances are that you can establish a band with your children and

parents.

A．They also take pride in their own achievements.

B．Will you simply admire others' talents and performances?

C．Positive effects on those who have retired cannot be ignored.

D．So what are the benefits for children, adults and even seniors?

E．Learning an instrument can also give you a sense of achievement.

F．A band or orchestra always needs performers of different instruments.

G．Students involved in musical activities scored significantly higher in maths.

（2022·广东·兴宁市第一中学高一期末）The Sahara Desert

Location

Filling nearly all of northern Africa, the Sahara Desert measures approximately 3, 000 miles from east to

west and between 800 and 1, 200 miles from north to south. ____71____ The Sahara Desert is bordered in the

west by the Atlantic Ocean, in the north by the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, in the east by the Red

Sea, and in the south by the Sahel.

Landscape

The Sahara Desert features iconic sand dune (沙丘) fields, which cover about 15 percent of the entire desert’s

surface and lie primarily in the north-central region. ____72____ A few examples include crescent (新月形的)

dunes, linear dunes, transverse dunes and star dunes. These dunes, with their various forms, raise many questions

about the dynamics of their formation.

Water

____73____ Its age-old rivers are the Nile and the Niger. The Nile rises south of the Sahara and empties into

the Mediterranean. The Niger rises southwest of the Sahara and flows northeastward into Mali. ____74____ It is

the expansive but shallow Lake Chad, a body of water that lies at the southernmost edge of the Sahara. Other

lakes hold a salty stew of undrinkable water.

Climate

Across the Sahara Desert, the annual average rainfall equals no more than a few inches or fewer. In the

summer, daytime air temperatures often soar to over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, with the hottest air temperature

meteorologists have ever recorded — 136 degrees — occurring at EL Azizia, Libya, on September 13,

1922. ____75____ In the winter, freezing temperatures may occur in the northern Sahara Desert, and milder

temperatures across the southern Sahara Desert. Snow may fall occasionally in some of the higher mountain

ranges and rarely, on the desert floor.

A．No rain at all may fall for several more years.

B．It has a total area of some 3,320,000 square miles.

C．The dunes usually take on varied and complex forms.

D．Star dunes form under winds that blow from several directions.

E．The Sahara Desert has some lakes, but only one with drinkable water.

F．The Sahara Desert has only two permanent rivers and a handful of lakes.

G．Under the clear skies, the temperature may fall 40 degrees or more during an evening.