英语新题型6

Practice test 6

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains

information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may

choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the

corresponding letter on

Answer Sheet 2.

Stress Management: Personally Adjusting to Stress

A) Stress is a state of imbalance between demands made on us from outside sources and our capabilities to meet those

demands. Often, it precedes and occurs concurrently with conflict. Stress, as you have seen, can be brought on by

physical events, other people’s behavior, social situations, our own behavior, feelings, thoughts, or anything that

results in heightened bodily awareness. In many cases, when you experience pain, anger, fear, or depression, these

emotions are a response to a stressful situation like conflict.

B) Sometimes, in highly stressful conflict situations, we must cope with the stress before we cope with the conflict.

Relieving some of the intensity of the immediate emotional response will allow us to become more logical and

tolerant in resolving the conflict. Here are some of the ways we have for controlling our physical reactions and our

thoughts will be explained.

C) People respond differently to conflict just as they respond differently to stress. Some people handle both better than

others do. Individual differences are not as important as learning how to manage the stress we feel. The goal in stress

management is self-control, particularly in the face of stressful events.

D) Stress reactions involve two major elements: (1) heightened physical arousal as revealed in an increased heart rate,

sweaty palms, rapid breathing, and muscular tension, and (2) anxious thoughts, such as thinking you are helpless or

wanting to run away. Since your behavior and your emotions are controlled by the way you think, you must acquire

skills to change those thoughts.

E) Controlling physical symptoms of stress requires relaxation. Sit in a comfortable position in a quiet place where there

are no distractions. Close your eyes and pay no attention to the outside world. Concentrate only on your breathing.

Slowly inhale and exhale. Now, with each exhaled breath say “relax” gently and passively. Make it a relaxing

experience. If you use this method to help you in conflict situations over a period of time, the word “relax” will

become associated with a sense of physical calm; saying it in a stressful situation will help induce a sense of peace.

F) Another way to induce relaxation is through tension release. The theory here is that if you tense a set of muscles and

then relax them, they will be more relaxed than before you tensed them. Practice each muscle group separately. The

ultimate goal, however, is to relax all muscle groups simultaneously to achieve total body relaxation. For each

muscle group, in turn, tense the muscles and hold them tense for five seconds, then relax them. Repeat this

tension-release sequence three times for each group of muscles. Next, tense all muscles together for five seconds,

then release them. Now, take a low, deep breath and say “relax” softly and gently to yourself as you breathe out.

Repeat this whole sequence three times.

G) You do not need to wait for special times to practice relaxing. If, during the course of your daily activities, you notice

a tense muscle group, you can help relax this group by saying “relax” inwardly. Monitor your bodily tension. In some

cases you can prepare yourself for stressful situations through relaxation

before they occur. Practice will help you

call up the relaxation response whenever needed.

H) For other ways to relax, do not overlook regular exercise. Aerobic or yoga-type exercise can be helpful. Personal

fitness programs can be tied to these inner messages to “relax” for a complete relaxation response.

I) Controlling your thoughts is the second major element in stress management Managing stress successfully requires

flexibility in thinking. That is, you must com/ alternative views. Your current view is causing the stress! You must

also keep from attaching exaggerated importance to events. Everything seems life-threatening in a moment of panic;

things dim in importance when viewed in retrospect.

J) Try to view conflict from a problem-solving approach: “Now, here is a new problem. How am I going to solve this

one?” Too often, we become stressed because we take things personally. When an adverse event occurs we see it as

a personal affront or as a threat to our ego. For example, when Christy told Paul she could not go to the concert with

him, he felt she was letting him know she disliked him. This was a blow to Paul because he had never been turned

down — rejected — before. Rather than dwell on that, however, he called Heather, she accepted his invitation, and

he achieved his desired outcome — a date for the concert.

K) One effective strategy for stress management consists of talking to ourselves. We become our own manager, and we

guide our thoughts, feelings, and behavior in order to cope. Phillip Le Gras suggests that we view the stress

experience as a series of phases. Here, he presents the phases and some examples of coping statements:

L) 1. Preparing for a stressor. [Stressors are events that result in behavioral outcomes called stress reactions. ] What

do I have to do? I can develop a plan to handle it. I have to think about this and not panic. Don’t be negative.

Think logically. Be rational. Don’t worry. Maybe the tension I’m feeling is just eagerness to confront the

situation.

2. Confronting and handling a stressor. I can do it. Stay relevant. I can psych myself up to handle this, I can meet

the challenge. This tension is a cue to use my stress-management skills. Relax. I’m in control. Take a low breath.

3. Coping with the feeling of being overwhelmed. I must concentrate on what I have to do right now. I can’t

eliminate my fear completely, but I can try to keep it under control. When the fear is overwhelming, I’ll just

pause for a minute.

4. Reinforcing self-statements. Well done. I did it! It worked. I wasn’t successful this time, but I’m getting better. It

almost worked. Next time I can do it. When I control my thoughts I control my fear.

M) The purpose of such coping behavior is to become aware of and monitor our anxiety. In this way, we can help

eliminate such self-defeating, negative statements as “I’m going to fail,” or “I can’t do this.” Statements such as

these are cues that we need to substitute positive, coping self-statements.

N) If the self-statements do not work, or if the stress reaction is exceptionally intense, then we may need to employ other

techniques. Sometimes we can distract ourselves by focusing on something outside the stressful experience — a

pleasant memory — or by doing mental arithmetic. Another technique is imaging. By manipulating mental images

we can reinterpret, ignore, or change the context of the experience. For example, we can put the experience of

unrequited love into a soap-opera fantasy or the experience of pain into a medieval torture by the rack. The point here

is that love and pain are strongly subjective and personal, and when they are causing us severe stress we can

reconstruct the situation mentally to ease the stress. In both these cases the technique of imaging helps to make our

response more objective — to take it outside ourselves. The more alternatives we have to aid us in stress reduction,

the more likely we are to deal with it effectively.

46. An effective method to manage stress is to substitute positive, coping self-statements for self-defeating, negative

statements.

47. Stress reactions are characterized by physical arousal and anxious thoughts.

48. Regular exercise helps induce relaxation.

49. To achieve total body relaxation, you should tense, and then release all muscles together, after you tense each

muscle group and relax it separately.

50. Stress is a state of imbalance between outside demands and our abilities to meet those demands.

51. Talking to ourselves is effective in managing stress because it is a means of directing our thoughts, feelings, and

behavior.

52. Controlling your thoughts always involves considering the situation from alternative viewpoints.

53. In some highly stressful conflict situations, before we cope with the conflict, we must cope with the stress first.

54. Stress can be reduced if you distract yourself by focusing on something outside the stressful experience.

55. In a stressful situation, saying “relax” gently and passively with each exhaled breath helps control physical

symptoms of stress.

Translation

Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should

write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

智商与情商

一个高智商的人，往往被认为是聪明、能干的人。我们知道，多年来，智商测试一直被用

作检测个人逻辑推理能力和技术才智的指示器。但是高智商本身，并不保证你能出乎其类，

拔乎其萃。反之亦然:事业有成的名人，也未必个个都是髙智商者。爱因斯坦的智商估计有

160，而约翰.肯尼迪的智商就只有119。

最近有研究显示，个人事业上的成就，只有15%归因于你的技术能力；而你在管理能力 和公司经营方面的业绩，倒有85%归功于你的“情商”，也就是你的个性以及在交流、协商、

领导等方面的实际能力。所谓“情商”，简言之，就是你认定、评估并驾驭自己、他人及团队的情感的能力。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。