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英语四级名词
词组
一、名词词组和固定搭配
1.介词+名词
by accident 偶然
on account of 因为,由于,为了……的缘故
in addition to 另外,加之
in addition 除…之外(还)
in the air 流传中
on (the/an) average 按平均值,通常
on the basis of 根据,在…的基础上
at best 充其量,至多
for the better 好转,向好的方向发展
on board 在船(车或飞机)上
out of breath 喘不过气来
on business 因公,因事
in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
in case of 假如,如果发生;防备
in case 假使,以防(万一)
in no case 决不,无论如何不
by chance 偶然,碰巧
in charge (of) 负责,管理
(a)round the lock 日夜不停地
in common 共用的,共有的
in conclusion 最后,总之
on condition (that) 如果
in consequence of 由于…的缘故,因为
on the contrary 正相反
in contrast with/to 与…对比起来,与…形成对比
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
2.动词+名词
have/gain access to 可以获得
take…into account 考虑到,顾及,体谅
take advantage of 占…的便宜,利用
pave the way (for) 铺平道路,为…作准备
pay attention to 注意
do/try one‘s best 尽力,努力
get/have the best of 战胜
make the best of 充分利用
get/have the better of 战胜,在…中占上风
catch one‘s breath 屏息;喘气,气喘;歇口气
take care 注意,当心
英语四级名词
take care of 爱护,照料
take a chance 冒险,投机
take charge 开始管理,接管
keep…company 陪伴
take (a) delight in 以…为乐
make a difference 有影响,起(重要)作用
carry/bring/put into effect 使生效,实行,实现
come/go into effect 生效,实施
take effect 生效,起作用
catch sb‘s eye 被某人看到,引起某人注意
keep sb‘s head 保持镇静
in the world 究竟,到底
lose sb‘s head 慌乱,仓皇失措
lose heart 丧失勇气,失去信心
get/catch/take hold of 抓住,得到
keep house 管理家务
throw/cast light on/upon 使人了解,阐明
bear/keep in mind 记住
have in mind 考虑到,想到
make up one‘s mind 下定决心,打定主意
bring/put into operation 实施,使生效,使运行
动名词
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)。它可以有自己的定语、宾语或状语。
1)动名词作主语
Seeing is believing。 Talking mends no holes。Taking a cold shower every morning does him a lot
good。____in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for。 (CET-4 1999,1)
A) The girl to be educated
B) The girl educated
C) The girls being educated
D) The girl was educated
动名词和不定式都可以做主语。不定式做主语表示具体的动作,动名词做主语则可以表示抽象或一般性的动作或情况。根据句意,这个女孩在朴素的生活环境中接受教育是她的父母所希望的,接受教育不是具体的一次性动作,因此用动名词,答案为C。当动名词做主语时,
英语四级名词
我们常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾,特别要注意如下结构:It
is useless (no use, no good, no harm) doing。。。 It is a waste of time doing。。。 It is
worthwhile doing。。。
【例如】
It is no use crying over spilt milk。It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him。It is no
good leaving todays work for tomorrow。
2)动名词作动词宾语动名词作动词宾语是大学英语四级考试的重要内容。
a) 英语中有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit, advice,
anticipate, appreciate, avoid,consider, delay,deny,dislike, enjoy,escape,excuse,
fancy,favor, finish,imagine,include , keep, mind,miss, postpone, practise,prevent ,
propose, resist, risk, suggest等。
【例如】
Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations。The doctor
suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month。Would you mind opening the window?The murderer denied killing the rich man。I would appreciate ____it a secret。 (CET-4 1995,6)
A) your keeping B) you to keep
C) that you keep D) that you will keep
appreciate后面一般加动名词做宾语,动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语,因此答案为A。
That young guy still denies____the fire behind the store。 (CET-4 2000,12)
A) to start B)shavingsstarted
C) start D) to have started
Deny后面加动名词作宾语,而且引发火灾是在否认这一动做之前,所以用动名词的完成式,答案为B。
b)动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被动的意思。
【例如】
My shoes need mending。The following language points deserve mentioning。This matter demands
英语四级名词
discussing。Your hair wants ____。 You had better have it done now。 (CET-4 1997, 1) A)
cut B) to cut
C) cutting D) being cut
Want, need, require等动词后经常加动名词做宾语,表示被动的意思,故答案为C。
c) 有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有:feel like,give up,go on,object/objection to,put off,keep on,insist on,leave off,look forward to,think of, cant help, be/get used to, spend。。。in , have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard
time in, there be no need, confess to等。
【例如】
Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight?Chinese people are looking forward to
holding the 27th Olympic games。I am used to going to bed late and getting up late。Although
punctual himself, the professor was quite used ____late for his lecture。 (CET-4 1998,1)
A) to have students B) for students being C) for students to be D) to students being
be/get used to doing表示习惯于干什么,是固定用法,因此答案为D。
I have no objection____ your story again。 (CET-4 2000,6)
A) to hear B) to hearing
C) toshavingsheard D) to have heard
object/objection to doing是固定用法,因此A和D可以排除。动名词的完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,而句中听的动作还没有进行,因此用动名词的一般式,答案为B。
d)有些动词既可以加动名词,又可以加不定式,两者在意义上有差别。这些动词有:forget,
like, remember, regret, try等。forget to do:忘记去做某事,还没有做。
【例如】
Dont forget to take an umbrella when you go out。forget doing:忘了做过某事。
【例如】
Ill never forget ____you for the first time。 (CET-4 2000,12)
A) to meet B) to have met
英语四级名词
C) meeting D)shavingsto be meetig
forget to do表示忘记去做某事,还没有做。forget doing表示忘了做过某事。根据句意:我永远不会忘记第一次遇到你,遇到的动作已经发生,应选择动名词,答案为C。remember to do:记住去做某事,还没有做。
【例如】
I will remember to write to you often。If I had remembered ____the window, the thief would not
have got in。(CET-4 1996,1)
A) to close B) closing
C) to have closed D)shavingsclosed
remember to do表示记得要做某事,还没有做。根据句意,如果我记得去关窗户,小偷就不会进来,窗户很明显没有关,所以用不定式,答案为A。remember doing:记得做过某事。【例如】
I remembered putting my wallet in the bag, but I could not find it。
regret to do:遗憾做某事,经常用:regret to say
【例如】
I regret to say that I cant accept your invitation。
regret doing:后悔做过某事。
【例如】
I regret notshavingstaken your advice。
try to do:尽力做某事。
【例如】
One should try to do everything well。
try doing:试着做某事。【例如】
I tried cooking, but I failed。
3)动名词作介词宾语
英语四级名词
动名词作介词宾语,并且和介词构成介词短语。
【例如】
She left without saying anything to us。Mans dream of landing on the moon came true in1968。I
am afraid of being punished by the teacher。Ann never dreams of ____for her to be sent abroad
very soon。(CET-4 1998,6)
A) there being a chance B) there to be
C) there be a chance D) being a chance
of为介词,后面接动名词做宾语,因此B和C都可以排除。另外,根据句意:安妮从来没有梦想过她有一个很快被送出国的机会,介词后面含有有的意思,用there be结构表达,故正确答案为A。
改错应用
(一) 代词的单复数,代词的性别
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American
Rockies
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into
the
A B C D
Pacific。
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。
英语四级名词
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品
一些动词后面必须用doing
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjust
advocate, suggest
delay, quit
forgive(原谅),tolerate,
avoid, escape(逃避)
spend+名词+doing;
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest
their
A B C D
crops。
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
A B
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War。
C D
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing
(4)表示目的的名词,
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。
固定的句式:
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth。
the objective 目标
aim
goal
reason理由
英语四级名词
function功能
intension意图
例:The function of Louis Sullivan‘s architecture was providing
A
large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior。
B C D
分析:the function to provide, A错
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
A
and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds
B
that make up various components of a living cell。
C D
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错
(5) 其他同根名词
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响
attempt to do 企图
decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
ambition,
be ambitious to do
effort
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation
A B
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions。
C D
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。
例:In the early 1960‘s the Civil Rights movement made great
A B
英语四级名词
efforts for registering members of minorities to vote。
C D
分析:efforts to register, C错
第二、名词单复数的平行
但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行
例:The main advertising media include direct mail,
A B C
radio, television, magazines, and newspaper。
D
分析:D错,应改为newspapers。newspaper为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和前面的magazine平行,而mail, radio, television则是不可数名词。
例:The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate,
A B
and probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world。
C D
分析:海岸气候只有一个,但是钓鱼的地方可以有许多个,所以也是不可数名词和名词复数的平行;因此D没有错,A错改为have
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用
后面加宾语当然要用动名词
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds
A B
and keeping the soil in the best condition to
C
help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting。
D
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920‘s,
A
was concerned with the depicting the experience of
英语四级名词
B C
urban Black people in the United States。
D
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine
A B
article that gives personal comments on current events。
C D
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars,
A
which produce sound from the vibration of the strings。
B C D
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。
名词考题
1.These books, which you can get at any bookshop,will give you ____ you need.
A)all the information B)all the informations C)all of information D)all of the informations
(-4 第22题)
2.The clothes a person wears may express his ______ or social position.
A)Curiosity B)status C)determination D)significance (200.6.CET-4 第28题)
3. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______, drawing millions of visitors every year.
A)attention B)attraction C)appointment D)arrangement (2001.CET-4 第42题)
4.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ______.
A)nuisance B)trouble C)Worry D)anxiety (2000.6.CET-4 第 69题)
5.When people become unemployed, it is________ often worse than lack of wages.
A)laziness B)poverty C)idleness D)inability (1999.6.CET-第54题)
6.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful
______ in the market.
A) batteries B)bargains C)baskets D)barrels (-4 第 59题)
7.In previous times,when fresh meat was in short _________,pigeons were kept by many
households as a source of food.
英语四级名词
A)store B)provision C)reserve D)supply (1999.6.CET-4 第 61题)
8.The tomato juice left a brown _________ on the front of my jacket. A)track B)trace C)spot
D)point (1999.1.CET-4 第 59题)
9.My father seemed to be in no _____________ to look at my school report.
A)feeling B)attitude C)emotion D)mood (1999.1.CET-4 第63题)
10.He gives people the impression ____________ all his life abroad.
A)of having spent B)to hay spent C)of being spent D)to spend (1998.6.GET-4 第46题)
11.A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial __________ .
A)mark B)feature C)trace D)appearance (1998.6.CET-4 第47题)
12. Does everyone on earth have an equal right ______ an equal share of its resources?
A)by B)at C)to D)over (-4 第55题)
13. Over a third of the population was estimated to have no _________ to the health service.
A) assessment B) assignment C) exception D) access (-4 第63题)
14. Professor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong _____ on the everyday life
of non-scientists as well as scientists.
A) motivation B) perspective C) impression D) impact (-4 第65题)
15. The manager spoke highly of such ______ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his
employees.
A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics (-4 第颗7题)
16. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full
___________.
A) capacity B) strength C) length D) possibility (-4 第35题)
17. The newspaper did not mention the ______ of the damage caused by the fire.
A) range B) level C) extent D) quantity (-4 第40题)
18. The traditional approach ______ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller,
more easily managed problems.
A) to dealing B) in dealing C) dealing D) to deal (-4 第33题)
19.Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing
it on her first _______.
A)intention B)attempt C)purpose D)desire (-4 第36题)
20. Lightning is a ______ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to
another.
A) rush B) rainbow C) rack D) ribbon (-4 第44题)
21. I caught a ______ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street.
A) vision B) glimpse C) look D) scene (-4 第50题)
22. The manager lost his ______ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.
A) mood B) temper C)mind D) passion (-4 第39题)
(解析) 1.[译文]这些书会提供你所需要的所有信息,它们可以在任何书店买到。 [答案]A)
all the information [解析]information 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故B)、D)本身是错误的。又因为all of 后面接不可数名词时,名词前须有定冠词,C)也不可选。只能选A)。
2.[译文]一个人的衣着可以表示他的身份或社会地位。 [答案]B)status [解析]A)curiosity好奇心,求知欲;B)status身份,地位;C)determination 决心;D)significance意义,重要性。根据题意应选B)。另外,or后面的social position实际上是对前面并列的status的解释,也是一个重要的选项线索。
英语四级名词
3.[译文]尼亚加拉瀑布是一个令人向往 的旅游胜地,每年都吸引数以百万的游客。 [答案]B)attraction [解析]A)attraction意为“注意;B) at traction意思是“具有吸引力的人或物”,可引申为“胜地”;C)appointment意为“约会;D)arrangement意为“安排”。根据句意,正确的答案是B)。尼亚加拉瀑布是一处“旅游点”,而不是一种“出游安排”。故不能选D)。
4.[译文] 大量的蚂蚁老是进入我的厨房,蚂蚁是非常令人讨厌的东西。 [答案] A)nuisance
[解析] A)nuisance意为“令人讨厌的人(东西,情况等)”(a person,thing or situation that annoys
you or causes problems);B)trouble意为“麻烦,苦恼”(problems that make something difficult,
spoil your plan, make you worry,etc.);C)worry意为“担心,发愁”;D)anxiety意为“焦虑”,与worry意义相近。蚂蚁是“令人讨厌的东西”,而不是“问题,难题(problem)”,更不是“担忧”,“焦虑”等。故A)是正确答案。
5.[译文]当人们失业时,无所事事比失去工资更糟糕。 [答案]C)idleness [解析]A)
laziness 懒惰;B)poverty贫穷;C)idleness无事可干,闲待;D〕inability无能力,无办法。失业引起的什么状况比失去工资更糟糕呢?不可能是poverty,更不可能是laziness或inability,因为失业本身就可能意味着贫穷,而懒惰和无能是某些人的本性,不是失业引起的。所以是C)idleness。
6.[译文]有些人喜欢星期天去购物,因为他们希望在市场买到物美价廉的货物。
[答案]B)bargains [解析]A)batteries电池;B)bargains便宜的东西,廉价货;C)baskets篮子,筐;D)barrels桶。根据句意:“人们喜欢星期天去购物,”自然是希望买到好的、便宜的东西,便宜的东西是泛指。A)、C)、D)均指具体的物品,与原句句意不符。正确答案是B)。
7.[译文]在过去,当鲜肉短缺时,许多家庭靠养鸽子作为食物的来源。 [答案]D)supply [解析]A)store意为“储存的东西”或“商店”,短语 in store的意思是“存储备用”。B)provision意为“提供,供应”,常与of搭配,但没有in short provision这样的搭配。C)reserve意为“储备物,储量”,in reserve的意思是“留待后用”。D)supply意为“供应,供应量”,短语in short supply是“供应短缺”的意思。根据原句句意,D)是答案。
8.[译文]番茄汁在我上衣的前襟上留下 褐色斑点。 [答案]C)spot [解析]A)track行踪,小径,轨道;B)trace踪迹,足迹,痕迹;C)spot斑点,污点,地 点;D)point点。根据以上辨析,C)符合题意。
9.[译文]我父亲似乎没有心情看我的学习成绩单。 [答案]mood [解析]be in the
mood/no mood to do something是固定氨基酸表示”有(没有)做…… 的心情”。根据题意,只有D)符合题意要求。 其他三个名词都不能形成be in no…搭配。
10.[译文]他给人的印象是他这一辈子都是在国外生活的。 [答案]A)of having
spent [解析]名词impression后要接of而不是to,故先可排除B)和D);另外,根据常见搭配spend one's life,故应用主动形式,所以A)是正确答案。
11.[译文]独特的尖下巴是他最令人难忘的面部特征。 [答案]B)feature [解析]注意原句中的两个形容词: memorable(令人难忘的)和facial(面部的)。然后再从四个选项中挑出可以被“令人难忘”和“面部的”修饰的名词。四个名词的意义分别是:A)mark标记,记号;B)feature特征;C)trace痕迹,踪迹;D)appearance外貌,外表。唯 有B)最合题意。
12.[译文]对于地球的资源,地球上的每 一个人是否都享有同等的权利? [答案]C)to [解析]本题是要求选择一适当介词, 与名词right搭配,四个介词中只有to可以。
“have a(the)right to sth.”意为“(享有)…… 的权利”。
13.[译文]据估计,三分之一以上的人口 没有享受到保健服务。 [答案]D)access
[解析]本题要求在空白处,填入一个 名词与后面的介词构成搭配。选项中4个名词的意义分别是:A)assessment评价,估价,评定;B)assignment分配,委派,指定的作业,任务;
英语四级名词
C)exception例外,除……以外;D)access接近……的机会,利用……的权力。Have access to
sth.意为“享用,使用”等;D)是正确答案。
14.[译文]泰勒教授的谈话已表明,科学 已对科学家以及非科学家的日常生活产生了很大的影响。 [答案]D)impact [解析]A)motivation动机;B)perspective看法,观点,观察,前景; C)impression印象;D]impact影响,冲击。根据辨析可见,选项D]impact符合题意要求。
15.[译文]经理高度赞扬他的雇员表现 出来的诸如忠诚、勇气和坦率等美德。 [答案]A)virtues [解析]四个名词的意义分别是:A]virtues美德;B]features特征;C]properties特性,财产;D]characteristics(性格等方面的)特征。原句中loyalty(忠诚),courage(勇气)和truthfulness(诚实)等词都属于“美德”的范畴,A)是正确答案。
16.[译文]不外出上班的家庭主妇们往往觉得没能充分发挥自己的能力。 [答案]A)capacity [解析]四个名词的意义分别是:A)capacity能力,才能,B)strength力量,C)length长度,D)possibility可能性。根据题意,选项A)是正确答案。选项 B)Strength的干扰性最强。strength指的是人的“力气,体力”,也可以指人或团体的“实力”,本题表达的是要发挥能力,而不是施展力气。
17.[译文]报纸没有报导这次大火造成的损坏程度。 [答案]C)extent [解析]A)range“范围,区域”,表示可以达到或探测到的最大范围(the maximum area in which it can
reach things or detect things);B)level“水平,程度”,指一个量表或序列中的位置(a position
in a scale or rank);C)extent“程度’,the extent of the damage意为“损失的程度”;D)quantity“数量”;根据本题句意,要表示的不是火灾的范围,水平和数量,而是火灾造成的损坏程度,C)是正确答案。
18.[译文]处理复杂问题的传统方法是将其分解为更小、更容易解决的问题。 [答案]A)to dealing [解析]名词 approach作“途径,方法,通路”解时,与介词 to构成“approach
to+名词(动名词)”结构,表示“解决……的方法;进入……途径”等。
19.[译文]雪莉为生物学考试做了精心准备,以便有把握地一次通过。 [答案]B)attempt [解析]A)intention意图,意向;B)attempt试图,努力;C)purpose目的,意图;D)desire愿望,欲望。B)attempt符合题意要求。
20.[译文]闪电是从云层到地面或从云层到云层的一股电流的急促运动。 [答案]A)rush [解析]A)rush急促的动作;突击,冲击(rapid headlong movement sudden swift),electrical current可以与rush搭配使用,A)是正确答案。B)rainbow“彩虹”;C)rack“行李架,隔板”;D)ribbon“丝带,锻”,均不符合题意。
21.[译文]那辆出租车在街道拐角处消失之前我瞥了它一眼。 [答案]B]glimpse [解析]A]vision“视力,洞察力(power of seeing or imaging)”;B)glimpse “一瞥(quick,imperfect
view of something/somebody)”,catch a glimpse of(瞥见……),这是一固定搭配;C)look“外观,脸色(appearance);D)scene“景象(view,something seen)”,因此 B)是正确答案。
22.[译文]仅仅因为秘书迟到了10分钟,经理就发脾气了。 [答案]B]temper [解析]A)mood“心情、情绪”;B)temper “脾气、情绪”,lose one's temper意为“发脾气、生气”;C)mind“头脑,精神,理智”,lose one's mind意为“发疯,发狂;D)passion“强烈的感情,热情”。根据以上分析,选项B)符合题意。
完形填空里的名词考查
一、含有名词的固定搭配
四级完形填空经常出现的考点之一便是对固定搭配的考查,例如:动词词组、介词词组和
英语四级名词
名词词组。在上述三类词组中,会出现交叉测试现象,即对同一词组的考查,有时侧重名词,有时则侧重介词等。考生需具备深厚扎实的基础知识,注意在平时练习中对常见词组进行积累,例如:beyond one’s means(不能用measure,也不能用method,更不能用approach);by mistake (这个短语就不能说成by error或者by fault);in the long run (而不是period, interval或time)等等。
Sleep Smart records the distinct pattern of brain waves produced during each phase of sleep,
via a head-band equipped with electrodes (电极) and a microprocessor. This measures the
electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical
and research , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You program the clock
with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, and it then duly (适时地) wakes you during
the last light sleep phase before that.
A) findings B) prospects C) proposals D) purposes
(2006年6月,CET-4)
[解析]此题是对名词的考查。固定搭配for ... purpose 表示"被用于……目的"。此句句意为:它测量被测试者脑电活动,其方式如同一些机器被用于医疗和研究一样。正确选项应为D)。含有名词的固定搭配在完形填空的测试中虽对考生对文章整体的把握要求较低,但对考生掌握英语固定搭配短语的质和量都提出了很高的要求,这也是对四级旧题型词汇和语法部分的沿袭和延伸。
二、形近义异或义近形异名词的辨析
形近义异或义近形异名词的辨析是对四级旧题型词汇和语法部分的另一类沿袭和延伸,它在要求考生对所给四个名词做出确切中文解释的同时,也要求考生对其细微差异做出准确判定。名词常在用途和数量上有所区分。例如:英语中的license (执照,许可证) 和certificate (证书,证明),前者是许可某人从事某种职业的证书,而后者则是证明某人有能力或者曾经做过某事的证书,还有:incident (有历史意义的事件,插曲),event (重大事件,体育比赛的赛事),affair (时事,要事),emergency (紧急事件)。数量标准是考(试大区分英语名词的关键,因为名词最大的特点就在于其可数与不可数、单数与复数的划分。例如:work不可数意义是工作,变成复数works
则指作品,也可用来指工厂。所以,在平时练习中,考生应培养进一步查阅单词英文解释的习惯,并了解单词背后的文化蕴涵,捕获名词近义词之间的微妙差异。
For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings mixed emotions. The past six
months have been difficult. Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter under a single
tent and share cook stoves and bathing 1 with neighbors. "They are looking forward to the clean
water of their rivers,"officials say. "They are dreaming of free fresh fruit. They want to get back to
their herds and start farming again."But most will be returning to nothing but heaps of ruins. In
many villages, electrical lines have not been repaired, nor have roads. Aid workers estimate that it
will take years to re-build what the earthquake took away. And for the thousands of survivors, the
2 will never be complete.
1. A) facilities B) instruments C) implements D) appliances
2. A) reservation B) retreat C) replacement D) recovery
(2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]1题属于完形填空中义近形异名词的辨析,亦即俗称的名词近义词的辨析。给定的四个名词都含"工具,器械"的意思,但按照名词的用途,很容易区分它们的异同。instrument 指"用于精细工作或科学技术的工具";implement指"在工作中任何有用或必需的器械", 尤指"较简单的农田或园艺工具";appliance特指"家用电器";facility 常用作复数形式表示"设施"。故得出正确选项A),bathing facilities,洗澡设施。此外,表示"设施,工具"的其他近义词还有:equipment (军用装备,野营用具) ,apparatus (一整套相连的设施) ,device
(专门用途的设施)等。
英语四级名词
2题属于完形填空中形近义异名词的辨析。四个词含义分别为:reservation"保留";retreat"退却,退避";replacement"取代,代替";re-covery"恢复"。由句意:对于成千上万的幸存者,是不可能完全彻底地从这场地震中恢复的,得出正确选项D)。
三、特定语境下名词的选择
四级完形填空对名词的考查不仅仅定位于名词的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定语境下名词的选择,这也是完形填空的特点所在。考生解答此类问题的关键便是理解名词所在的上下文的语篇含义。例如:An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000
lives, injured 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almost overnight,
scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended by international aid organizations,
military and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in. A)
ranks B) equipment C) personnel D) installations (2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]此题目是对特殊语境下名词选择的考查。先确定四个给定名词的含义:rank"军衔,军阶";equipment"设备";personnel"人员,职员";installation"安装,设置"。再根据句意:军队人员帮助照顾受灾民众,得出正确选项C)。
Try out
Directions:
In this section, there are 4 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four
choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you go
about purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can add to the cost. Take
the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are
making the best buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price.
But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to
dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer
the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you adopt when you go out shopping? If
you keep your home, your car or any valuable possession in excellent condition, you’ll be saving
money in the long 2 . Before you buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it
or borrow it to check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or a service,
do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from three items or three estimates.
1. A) form B) way C) method D) fashion
2. A) interval B) period C) run D) time
3. A) equipment B) appliance C) utility D) facility
4. A) goal B) task C) function D) purpose
(2005年1月,CET-4)
答案&解析
1题属于完形填空中义近形异名词的辨析。给定的前三个名词都有“形式”的意思,按照名词的用途,form 指“具体事物的形式或形态”;way指“手段,方法(manner, how to do sth )”,比method更为通用,可指单一的技巧也可指复杂的操作方法,还可以指一些人处理某一问题所采用的特殊方法;method指“方法,方式”,指相当精心地拟订的一组方法,并强调实施的效率和精确性。fashion表示“时尚”,与前三个名词词义差别较大。故得出正确选项考(试大B):你买一件物品或一项服务的方式往往可以决定你是在节省钱财还是在增加额外花费。
2题是对名词的考查。固定搭配“in the long run”表示“长远,最后”。此句句意为:如果你一直很好地维持你的小家、车子和宝贵财产,那从长期看来,你就是在节省金钱。最后得出正确选项C)。
英语四级名词
3题仍然考查义近形异名词的辨析。给定的四个名词都含“工具,器械”的意思,按照名词的用途,equipment 表示“军用装备,野营用具”;appliance特指“家用电器”;utility常用于短语public utilities“公用事业”;facility 常用考(试大作复数形式表示“设施”。此处表示电器,故得出正确选项B)。
4题是对特殊语境下名词选择的考查。先确定四个给定名词的含义:goal“目标”;task“任务”;function“功能,作用”;purpose “目的”。再根据句意:如果可以的话,先试用或借来使用,看它是否能满足你特定的使用需求,得出正确选项D)。
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