高中英语语法填空之名词、形容词和副词的词性转换题

高中英语语法填空之名词、形容词和副词的词性转换题

1、（2022年全国高考乙卷）China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote thehealthy development of the tea industry.2、（2022年全国高考甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promoteenvironmental ______ (protect)3、（2022年全国新高考I卷） The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity betweenseparate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas。4、（2022年全国新高考II卷）He saved my ______ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.5、（2021·全国高考八省联考）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, whoperformed their 63． （marry）ceremony in 1842.6、（2021·全国高考甲卷）After 59． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at thewall,7、（2021·全国高考甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gatesand 64． (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.8、（2021·全国高考乙卷） and often provides money for conservation and benefitsthe 57． (develop) of the local areas.9、（2021·全国高考乙卷）because of its unique biodiversity.64． (activity)there range from whalewatching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.10、（2021·新高考高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you howtiny we 63． (human) are.11、（2021·浙江高考）It is calculated by dividing a 58． (person) weight in kg by their height in meterssquared12、(2020年海南高考） Also, technological know-how has become a53． （require）for most jobs in anincreasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most54． （profession）13、（2020年北京高考）Now, lots of27． (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale ofsuch bags to stop people using them.14、（2020年全国高考）Historical 69． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.15、（2020年浙江高考）Later，they learned to work with the 63． (season)，planting at the right timeand，in dry areas16、（2020年全国高考）Filled with 64． (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.17、（2020年全国高考）The far side of the moon is of particular 64． (interesting) to scientists becauseit has a lot of deep craters (环形山)18、（2020年全国高考）Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter seasonand the beginning of spring

19、（2020年浙江高考）For Japan, the58． (number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in205020、（2019·全国卷I）…increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing.21、（2019·全国卷III）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know ofan interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.22. （2019·浙江卷）Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and schoolperformance.23. （2019·北京卷）…there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.24.（2018·全国卷I）…a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and earlydeaths from all 67 (cause).25. （2018·全国卷I I）This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.26. （2018·全国卷III）My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apesand monkeys.27. （2018·浙江卷）Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.28. （2018·浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eatenoutside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.

语法填空纯空格题不会要求填名词，但在词类转换中会考查到名词的用法。另外，冠词的考查也与名词用法密切相关。解题时须注意以下几点：1、单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(,the)、名词的所有格(Tom's)、形容词性物主代词(my,your,his)、不定代词(any,another,some)等2、空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后，要用括号中所给词的名词形式3、在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词，在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语，还可能是定语从句。4、若有定语从句、形容词短语、分词短语或介词短语等修，应当用所给词的名词形式5、作主语或作宾语（在及物动词或介词后）时，要用括号中所给词的名词形式6、在确定用名词形式后，还要考虑该名词是用单数还是复数、是否要用所有格

重点一 名词的构词规律★★★★★1.动词变名词的后缀(1)－al表示人、物、行为、状态(特殊：去e＋－al)

approve 赞成→approval 赞成

survive 幸存→survival 幸存arrive 到达→arrival 到达；到达者；到来物refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝propose 提议→proposal 提议；建议

(2)－ance/－ence表示性质、状态或行为

appear 出现→appearance 出现；外貌perform 表演→performance 表演exist 存在→existence 存在prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导

(3)－ion/－tion/－ation表示状态或行为

direct 指挥；指导→direction 方向；指导expect 期待→expectation 期待；期望explain 解释→explanation 解释invite 邀请→invitation 邀请；请柬solve 解决→solution 解决compete 竞争→competition 比赛；竞争pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音describe 描述→description 描写repeat 重复→repetition 重复

(4)－s(s)ion表示行为或状态discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入decide 决定→decision 决定(5)－ing具有……(特征)的hear 听→hearing 听力；听觉listen 听→listening 听；听力begin 开始→beginning 开始部分(6)－ment表示行为、结果等

achieve 达到；完成→achievement 成就develop 发展→development 发展(去e)argue 争论→argument 争论；论据(7)－ure/－ture表示行为或状态fail 失败→failure 失败press 压；挤→pressure 压力mix 混合→mixture 混合物expose 暴露→exposure 面临；暴露(8)－y表示……的动作(或过程)recover 恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈discover 发现→discovery 发现(9)其他常见变化：choose 选择→choice 选择vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势grow 生长→growth 生长marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻carry 搬→carriage 客车厢；运输pack 收拾(行李)→package 包；盒post 邮寄→postage 邮资；邮费store 贮存→storage 贮存2．形容词变名词的后缀(1)－cy表示性质、状态fluent 流利→fluency 流利；流畅accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性)private 私有的→privacy 隐私efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率(2)－dom表示地位、状况等free 自由的→freedom 自由wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧(3)－ness表示性质、状态dark黑的→darkness 黑暗weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱kind 友好的→kindness 善良cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡；冷漠

aware 知道的；意识到的→awareness 知道；意识(4)－th表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖true 真的→truth 真相deep 深的→depth 深(度)strong 强壮的→strength 力量long 长的→length 长度wide 宽的→width 宽度(5)－y/－ity表示性质或状态difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实safe 安全的→safety 安全cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍responsible 负责的→responsibility 责任(6)－ent变为－ence，－ant变为－ance, －nd变为－nsedifferent 不同的→difference 不同(之处)silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静respond 回应→response 响应patient 有耐心的→patience 耐心absent 缺席的→absence 缺席present 出席的→presence 出席confident 自信的→confidence 信心convenient 方便的→convenience 便利important 重要的→importance 重要(性)defend 防御；保卫→defense/defence 防御；保护重点二 名词的数、名词的格与名词作定语★★★★★考点1　名词的数英语中的名词(不可数除外)一般不独立使用，需在其前加限定词，如冠词。1．可数名词单数变复数①一般情况下，在词尾直接加 s：book→books, mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls。②以 s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加 es：glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes。特殊：stomach→stomachs。③以辅音字母加 y结尾的名词，变y为i再加 es：city→cities, country→countries, party→parties,factory→factories。

④以 o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加 s，但下列名词要加 es，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes,tomatoes。下列以 o结尾的名词既可以加 es，也可以加 s：zeros (zeroes), mosquitos (mosquitoes), volcanos(volcanoes)。⑤以 f或 fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般需要把f或fe去掉，加 ves，即selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives,leaves, shelves, wolves, halves。下列单词可在其后直接加 s，如beliefs, roofs等；下列以结尾的名词既可以去掉f加 ves，也可以直接加 s，如handkerchiefs (handkerchieves), scarfs (scarves)。⑥合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons in law; passers by; story tellers;_grown ups;_housewives。2．有些名词复数形式不是以加－s或－es构成，它们的不规则构成形式如下：变化规则例词man→men, woman→women,foot→feet, *mouse→mice,goose→geese, tooth→teethox→oxen, child→childrenfish, sheep, deer, means (方式；方法), series,

Chinese, Swiss变内部元音词尾加－en或－ren单复数同形3.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations (祝贺), regards (问候), respects (敬意；问候), thanks (谢谢), wishes (祝愿)等。4．一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with (与……交朋友), shake handswith ... (与……握手), take measures (采取措施), make preparations for (为……作准备), in high spirits (兴高采烈地), burst into tears (放声大哭)等。5．常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage (行李), cash (现金), meat (肉), paper (纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work (工作), knowledge (知识), luck (运气), scenery (风景), traffic (交通)等。(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice (建议), equipment (设备), fun (乐趣), furniture (家具), progress (进步),news/word (消息)等。考点2　名词的格与名词作定语名词所有格的概念，用来表示名词之间的所有关系，分为of所有格(如a waste of time浪费时间)，'s所有格(如the boy's book)以及双重所有格(如any friends of yours)。由于不清楚句意和名词之间的关系，学生经常混淆名词所有格与名词作定语。名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、类别、用途等，作定语的名词有以下三种形式：

(1)一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge (石桥), a meeting room (会议室), morning exercises (早操), LondonAirport (伦敦机场), a story book (故事书), a shoe shop (鞋店)。(2)man, woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如a woman teacher (一位女教师), two women teachers(两位女教师)。(3)sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等一般用复数形式。如a sports meet (运动会), a goods train (货运列车), a customs officer (海关官员), a sales manager (销售部经理)。

1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations andhomes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.2（2022新高考II卷）They both fell __________ (sleep) while watching TV.3（2022新高考II卷）When he looked down, he __________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.4（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________（rough） 200academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started twoyears ago.5（2021新高考I卷）It will ___________（undoubted） help you get refreshed! 6（2021新高考I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the___________（hot） the spring! 7（2021新高考I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights thewhole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________（ache） legs. 8（2021全国高考II卷）I told him how __________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked himto consider using more eco-friendly options. 9（2021年浙江卷）When the house was built, it was much __________ （small）than it is today.10（2021年浙江卷1月）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in manycountries had narrowed ____ _ ___(sharp).11（2021年浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside,including ________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sportsfacilities.12（2020新课标I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging. 13（2020新课标II卷）___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 14（2020新课标II卷）Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The___________ (beauty) long branches coveredwith pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 15（2020新课标III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all greatartists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.

16（2020新课标III卷）As the small boat moved, _________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless bythe mountains being silently reflected in the water. 17（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared toyounger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.18（2020年浙江卷1月）This is___________(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people areliving longer.19（2020年山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________ (wealth) people travelled and collectedplants, historical objects and works of art.

1、形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生(1)形容词是作定语、表语、补语的典型词类。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词(2)副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语或整个句子(3)形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。

重点一 形容词和副词的词形转换★★★★★1.形容词的构词规律类别词尾加－y词尾加－(e)d词尾加ing

例词cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy,

sleep→sleepygift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced,

excite→excitedsurprise→surprising, convince→convincing,

frighten→frighteningmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,

care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless,

harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless,

colour→colourful/colourless,

use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless,

peace→peaceful/peacelesscomfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable,

accept→acceptable, respect→respectabledanger→dangerous, courage→courageous,

humour→humorousconfidence→confident, difference→different词尾加－ful/－less词尾加－able词尾加－ous词尾的－ce变为－t

词尾加－al词尾加－ly词尾加－enmusic→musical, person→personal, nation→national,

education→educational, tradition→traditionalfriend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovelywood→wooden, wool→woolenenergy→energetic, fool→foolish,

pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific[以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加－y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加－y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)]attract→attractive, talk→talkative,

prevent→preventive, protect→protective其他常见变化动词词尾加 ive/ative

[提示]　如何区分－ed形容词与－ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(－ing)，还是“感到……”(－ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(－ing)，还是感受(－ed)。具体如下：(1)－ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。(2)－ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。2．副词的构词规律类别形容词＋后缀－ly以辅音字母加－y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加－ly例词clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly,

sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerelyhappy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily,

lucky→luckily, noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加 ly)terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently,

probable→probably, comfortable→comfortably,

responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：whole→wholly)true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)full→fully, dull→dullybasic→basically, scientific→scientifically,

specific→specifically, automatic→automatically词尾为 ble/ le的形容词，去掉e，再加－y词尾为－ue的形容词，去掉e再加－ly词尾为－ll的形容词，直接加－y词尾为－ic的形容词，加－ally

重点二 形容词与副词的基本用法★★★★★1.形容词和副词的句法功能

词性功能好句形容词Optimistic, she is the sort of lady

在句中作定语、表语、补语和状to spread sunshine to people

through her smile.语(说明主语的状态、性质和特乐观的她是那种通过微笑把阳光征等)。传递给他人的女士。在句中作状语，修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语和句子等。I couldn't find my way out, so I

stayed there all along.我找不到出去的路，因此我一直待在那里。副词[提示]　有些副词如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语时往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem.令人惊讶的是，班里没人能解决这个问题。2.常用的连接性副词(完形中常考)though一般用于句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折。besides意为“另外，还有”，表示递进关系。meanwhile意为“在此期间”，表示两个动作同时however意为“然而”，表示让步和转折，常用逗发生。号与句子其他成分隔开。therefore/thus/consequently意为“因此，所以”，表示结果。moreover/furthermore/additionally意为“此外”，表承接关系。

instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。anyway/anyhow意为“尽管，即使这样”，表示让步。重点三 比较级和最高级的用法★★★★★高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境推出用比较级或最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。1．等级用法的固定句型(1)同级比较：as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。Although he was disabled, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible.虽然他是残疾人，但他尽可能去过正常的生活。(2)比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级＋than; more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。

(3)最高级结构： the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。Raymond's parents wanted him to have the best possible education.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。2．比较级的常用句型(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more＋原级”表示“越来越……”。Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.假期的机票越来越便宜了。(2)“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”，表示“越……，越……”。The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.你听得越多、读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。(3)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。3．比较级形式表达最高级的含义(1)“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so ... as”结构表示最高级含义。Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词；②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词；③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the otherrivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。4．倍数表达法常见的倍数表达句型主要有：(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B(4)the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。

维度1　提分训练微语法填空(用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化)1．As a child growing up in England, James Reynolds was always ①________ (excite) by , he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes, Reynoldstravels the world to shoot pictures of Earth's ②________ (extreme) weather events. The pictures are used byTV news channels around the world. It's a ③________ (danger) job, though. He has almost been hit by flyingwindow frames twice in the past 18 ④________ (month). However, he says the chase is always worth it for theplaces he has been to and the brilliant people he has met along the way.2．For thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In China during the ShangDynasty, people recorded weather forecasts on animal bones and tortoise shells. ①________ (century) later, inGreece, the philosopher, Aristotle wrote his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecastingadvanced over time, with more and ②________ (much) instruments used to measure temperature, humidityand air pressure. Today, satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more③________ (precise)．维度2　易错专练用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化In recent years, trampolining (蹦床) has gained great ①________ (popular) among Chinese youths. Shortvideos showing people's excitement about jumping back and forth on the colourful trampolines are ②________(regular) uploaded to social media. Most videos feature teenagers, but adults too have jumped on the trend,hoping to relive their ed with soccer, basketball, tennis or any other ③________ (compete) sports, where various injuriesoccur from time to time, trampolining is relatively ④________ (safe). However, preparation and safety alwayscome first. You must do warm up ⑤________ (exercise) before playing and you can't lose concentration duringthe movements.维度3　语篇训练语法填空（2022-2023学年度甘肃省兰州一中高三期中考试）After orbiting Earth for six months, the threemembers of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission returned to Earth safely on April 16h, 2022, ____1____ (conclude)the nation’s longest manned their stay in the space station, the crew preformed two spacewalks and conducted a series ofscientific experiments using a large robotic arm and other ____2____ (equip) to install and adjust ile, it was the first time that a female Chinese astronaut ____3____ (perform) a space walk. Besides,the astronauts, with the ____4____ (assist) of the staff on the ground, delivered a science lecture 400 kilometersabove Earth to millions of students. They showed viewers ____5____ they lived and worked inside the spacestation. The uniform called a “penguin jumpsuit”, ____6____ (special) designed to help the astronauts maintain

their muscle strength, was introduced. The astronauts also demonstrated (演示) some experiments related tophysical phenomena in the weightless environment, during ____7____ they compared the growth of cells inartificial gravity and Shenzhou XIII’s space-based lessons, intended to popularize space science and spark enthusiasm inscience among youngsters, ____8____ (mark) the start of the Tiangong Class series. ____9____ its spacestation construction advancing, China will share its breakthroughs and strengthen cooperation with othercountries to push space exploration _____10_____ (far) forward.

1、（2022年全国高考乙卷）China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote thehealthy development of the tea industry.【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。2、（2022年全国高考甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promoteenvironmental ______ (protect)【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。3、（2022年全国新高考I卷） The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity betweenseparate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas。【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population(种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。4、（2022年全国新高考II卷）He saved my ______ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。5、（2021·全国高考八省联考）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, whoperformed their 63． （marry）ceremony in 1842.【解析】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。6、（2021·全国高考甲卷）After 59． (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at thewall,【解析】考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动

名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。7、（2021·全国高考甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gatesand 64． (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。8、（2021·全国高考乙卷） and often provides money for conservation and benefitsthe 57． (develop) of the local areas.【解析】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。9、（2021·全国高考乙卷）because of its unique biodiversity.64． (activity)there range from whalewatching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.【解析】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。10、（2021·新高考高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you howtiny we 63． (human) are.【解析】考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。11、（2021·浙江高考）It is calculated by dividing a 58． (person) weight in kg by their height in meterssquared【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。12、(2020年海南高考） Also, technological know-how has become a53． （require）for most jobs in anincreasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most54． （profession）【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。【解析】考查名词的数。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词，根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填professions。13、（2020年北京高考）Now, lots of27． (country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale ofsuch bags to stop people using them.

【解析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。14、（2020年全国高考）Historical 69． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。15、（2020年浙江高考）Later，they learned to work with the 63． (season)，planting at the right timeand，in dry areas【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。16、（2020年全国高考）Filled with 64． (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.【解析】.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。17、（2020年全国高考）The far side of the moon is of particular 64． (interesting) to scientists becauseit has a lot of deep craters (环形山)【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。18、（2020年全国高考）Chinese New Year is a 61． (celebrate) marking the end of the winter seasonand the beginning of spring【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。19、（2020年浙江高考）For Japan, the58． (number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in2050【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。20、（2019·全国卷I）…increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing.【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。21、（2019·全国卷III）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know ofan interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。22. （2019·浙江卷）Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and schoolperformance.【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用

其名词形式。故填connection/connections。23. （2019·北京卷）…there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.【解析】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。24.（2018·全国卷I）…a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and earlydeaths from all 67 (cause).【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。25. （2018·全国卷I I）This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。26. （2018·全国卷III）My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apesand monkeys.【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。27. （2018·浙江卷）Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。28. （2018·浙江卷）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eatenoutside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.

1（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations andhomes of giant pandas, and __________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.答案：eventually解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。2（2022新高考II卷）They both fell __________ (sleep) while watching TV.答案：asleep解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。3（2022新高考II卷）When he looked down, he __________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.答案：accidentally

解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。4（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________（rough） 200academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started twoyears ago.答案：roughly解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。5（2021新高考I卷）It will ___________（undoubted） help you get refreshed! 答案：undoubtedly解析：考查副词。句意为：它无疑会帮助你恢复精力！修饰动词,所以用副词,故填undoubtedly.6（2021新高考I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the___________（hot） the spring! 答案：hotter解析：考查形容词比较级。句意为：春天的神奇之处在于温度越低,春天就越热！本句为固定句型：the+比较级,the+比较级,表示"越……越……",故填hotter.7（2021新高考I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights thewhole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________（ache） legs. 答案：aching解析：考查形容词。句意为：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语,故填aching.8（2021全国高考II卷）I told him how __________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked himto consider using more eco-friendly options. 答案：harmful解析：考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。9（2021年浙江卷）When the house was built, it was much __________ （small）than it is today.答案：smaller解析：考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。

10（2021年浙江卷1月）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in manycountries had narrowed ____ _ ___(sharp).答案：sharply解析：考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。11（2021年浙江卷1月）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside,including ________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sportsfacilities.答案：lower解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。12（2020新课标I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is __________ (extreme) challenging. 答案：extremely解析：考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。13（2020新课标II卷）___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 答案：Certainly解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。14（2020新课标II卷）Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The___________ (beauty) long branches coveredwith pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 答案：beautiful解析：考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。15（2020新课标III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all greatartists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 答案：finest解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。16（2020新课标III卷）As the small boat moved, _________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless bythe mountains being silently reflected in the water.

答案：gently解析：考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。17（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared toyounger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.答案：older解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。18（2020年浙江卷1月）This is___________(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people areliving longer.答案：particularly解析：考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。19（2020年山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________ (wealth) people travelled and collectedplants, historical objects and works of art.答案：wealthy解析：考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。

维度1　提分训练微语法填空(用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化)1．As a child growing up in England, James Reynolds was always ①________ (excite) by , he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes, Reynoldstravels the world to shoot pictures of Earth's ②________ (extreme) weather events. The pictures are used byTV news channels around the world. It's a ③________ (danger) job, though. He has almost been hit by flyingwindow frames twice in the past 18 ④________ (month). However, he says the chase is always worth it for theplaces he has been to and the brilliant people he has met along the way.【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了“暴风雨追逐者”James Reynolds的故事，他拍摄极端天气的照片，虽然危险，但他认为是值得的。【详情解析】①excited　考查词形转换。设空在句中作表语，修饰人，表“激动的；兴奋的”，应用形容词excited。②most extreme　考查最高级。设空前是表示范围的Earth's，指“全球最极端的天气”， 应用形容词最高级，故填most extreme。

③dangerous　考查词形转换。设空在句中修饰名词job，应用形容词作定语，表“危险的”，故填dangerous。④months　考查名词的数。month是可数名词，根据空前的18可知，此处应用名词复数，故填months。2．For thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In China during the ShangDynasty, people recorded weather forecasts on animal bones and tortoise shells. ①________ (century) later, inGreece, the philosopher, Aristotle wrote his theories about how weather conditions formed. Weather forecastingadvanced over time, with more and ②________ (much) instruments used to measure temperature, humidityand air pressure. Today, satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more③________ (precise)．【语篇解读】　数千年来，人们一直想设法预测天气，随着科技的发展，科技和卫星数据帮助科学家更精确地预测天气。①Centuries　考查名词的数。 century是可数名词，其前无表“一”的限定词，故century应用复数形式，故填Centuries。②more　考查比较级。句意：随着时间的推移，用于测量温度、湿度和气压的仪器越来越多，天气预报也越来越先进。根据语境和设空前的more and可知，此处是more and more, 意为“越来越多”， 故填much的比较级more。③precisely　考查词形转换。设空在句中作状语，修饰非谓语predict, 应用副词，故填precisely。维度2　易错专练用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化In recent years, trampolining (蹦床) has gained great ①________ (popular) among Chinese youths. Shortvideos showing people's excitement about jumping back and forth on the colourful trampolines are ②________(regular) uploaded to social media. Most videos feature teenagers, but adults too have jumped on the trend,hoping to relive their ed with soccer, basketball, tennis or any other ③________ (compete) sports, where various injuriesoccur from time to time, trampolining is relatively ④________ (safe). However, preparation and safety alwayscome first. You must do warm up ⑤________ (exercise) before playing and you can't lose concentration duringthe movements.【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了蹦床运动在中国青少年中很受欢迎，但在玩蹦床时还是要提前热身并注意安全。【详情解析】①popularity　设空在句中作gained的宾语，且设空前有形容词great，故该空填名词popularity。 gaingreat popularity “大受欢迎”。②regularly　设空在句中作状语，修饰uploaded，应用副词，填regularly。③competitive　设空在句中作定语修饰名词sports, 表“竞争性强的”， 应用形容词，故填competitive。

④safer　由语境可知，此处指蹦床与足球、篮球、网球或任何其他经常发生各种伤害的竞技运动相比，相对更安全，故此处用形容词比较级。故填safer。⑤exercises　exercise此时是可数名词，意为“训练活动”， 设空前无表“一”的限定词，故exercise应用复数形式。维度3　语篇训练语法填空（2022-2023学年度甘肃省兰州一中高三期中考试）After orbiting Earth for six months, the threemembers of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission returned to Earth safely on April 16h, 2022, ____1____ (conclude)the nation’s longest manned their stay in the space station, the crew preformed two spacewalks and conducted a series ofscientific experiments using a large robotic arm and other ____2____ (equip) to install and adjust ile, it was the first time that a female Chinese astronaut ____3____ (perform) a space walk. Besides,the astronauts, with the ____4____ (assist) of the staff on the ground, delivered a science lecture 400 kilometersabove Earth to millions of students. They showed viewers ____5____ they lived and worked inside the spacestation. The uniform called a “penguin jumpsuit”, ____6____ (special) designed to help the astronauts maintaintheir muscle strength, was introduced. The astronauts also demonstrated (演示) some experiments related tophysical phenomena in the weightless environment, during ____7____ they compared the growth of cells inartificial gravity and Shenzhou XIII’s space-based lessons, intended to popularize space science and spark enthusiasm inscience among youngsters, ____8____ (mark) the start of the Tiangong Class series. ____9____ its spacestation construction advancing, China will share its breakthroughs and strengthen cooperation with othercountries to push space exploration _____10_____ (far) forward.【参考答案】1．concluding 2．equipment 3．had performed 4．assistance 5．how

6．specially 7．which 8．marked 9．With 10．further【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国神舟十三号所取得的成绩及太空课程的目的。【详情解析】1．【concluding】考查非谓语动词。句意：在环绕地球轨道运行六个月后，中国神舟十三号任务的三名成员于2022年4月16日安全返回地球，结束了中国最长的载人航天飞行。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“returned”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“conclude”意为“结束”，动词词性，句中表示自然而然的结果，故应用“conclude”的现在分词“concluding”作结果状语。故填concluding。2．【equipment】考查名词。句意：在空间站停留期间，机组人员进行了两次太空行走，并使用大型机械臂和其他设备进行了一系列科学实验，以安装和调整设备。分析句子可知，“other”意为“其他的”，后

接名词，作宾语，“equip”意为“装备”，动词词性，对应的名词为“equipment”，意为“设备”，为不可数名词。故填equipment。3．【had performed】考查时态。句意：与此同时，这是中国女宇航员首次进行太空行走。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“it was the+序数词+time+that从句”，意为“第……次做某事”，此时“that”引导的从句要用过去完成时，“perform”意为“做，执行”，动词词性，过去分词为“performed”，故空格处应填“had performed”。故填had performed。4．【assistance】考查名词。句意：此外，宇航员在地面工作人员的协助下，在距地球400公里外为数百万学生进行了科学讲座。分析句子可知，“with”为介词，后接名词作宾语，“assist”意为“帮护，协助”，动词词性，对应的名词为“assistance”，意为“帮护，协助”，为不可数名词。故填assistance。5．【how】考查宾语从句。句意：他们向观众展示了他们如何在空间站内生活和工作。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，作“showed”的直接宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，故应用“how”引导从句，意为“怎样，如何”。故填how。6．【specially】考查副词。句意：被称为“企鹅服”的太空服被介绍，它专门设计用于帮助宇航员保持肌肉力量。分析句子可知，“designed”为过去分词，应用副词修饰，作状语，“special”为形容词，对应的副词为“specially”，意为“专门地”。故填specially。7．【which】考查定语从句。句意：宇航员们还演示了一些与失重环境中的物理现象有关的实验，期间他们比较了细胞在人工重力和零重力下的生长情况。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“experiments”，指事物，在从句中作介词“during”的宾语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。8．【marked】考查时态。句意：神舟十三号的太空课程旨在普及太空科学，激发年轻人对科学的热情，标志着天宫系列课程的开始。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“mark”意为“做标记，标示”，动词词性，过去式为“marked”。故填marked。9．【With】考查介词。句意：随着空间站建设的推进，中国将分享其突破，并加强与其他国家的合作，推动太空探索进一步向前发展。分析句子可知，句中涉及“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，在句中作状语，故空格处应用介词“with”，意为“随着”，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。10．【further】考查副词比较级。句意：随着空间站建设的推进，中国将分享其突破，并加强与其他国家的合作，推动太空探索进一步向前发展。根据句意可知，中国加强与其他国家的合作是为了推动太空探索进一步向前发展，空格处应用比较级，根据句意可知，应用副词比较级“further”，意为“进一步”，表示程度。故填further。