新概念第二册课文和翻译

新概念英语第二册课文及翻译

Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good

seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A

young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They

were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the

actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman

angrily(状语). They did not pay any attention. In the end,

I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear

a word!' I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,' the

young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'.

上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！” “不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”

【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】生词和短语

★private adj.私人的

it's my private letter/house ；美式英语private school:私立学校 英式英语：公学 ETON (private school)

privacy：隐私 it's a privacy. adj.

--

《Private Ryan》 private soldier：大兵

private life：私生

Letter n. 首字母

public：公众的，公开的

public school ； public letter 公开信 ；public place :公共场所

★conversation n.谈话 uni verse转动 uniform

Uni--bi--tri--quar-pent-sex/hex-sept-oct-nov---dec

Bilateral trade 双边贸易 triangle quarter

pentagon sex

古罗马历法 10个月---12

凯撒大帝 julis---July 七月

屋大维 augusto--August 八月

September九月(原七月）---septwolves

October 十月（原八月）---octopus

November

December---- decade

subject of conversation：话题

辨析： conversation, dialogue, talk, chat

这些名词均含“交谈”之意。

conversation： 一般用词， 指两个或更多人互相交换意见的交谈。

--

talk： 通用词， 可与conversation换用， 但当talk用作复数时指正式交谈。如six-party talks 六方会谈 / phone

talks 电话会谈 / peace talks 和谈（和平谈判）。

dialogue： 指“对话”， 多指剧中的对白。

chat： 指熟人之间非常随便的交谈， 强调谈话的亲密和非正式性。

★theatre n.剧场，戏剧

cinema: 电影院

★seat n.座位

have a good seat(place) take a seat : 座下来，就座

take your seat/take a seat

Is the seat taken? 这个座位有人吗？no/yes

sit down ,please

seat take your seat,please

be seated,please 更为礼貌

seat是及物动词，后面有宾语

sit是不及物动词，后面不加宾语

seat后面会加人; seat sb; seat him; seat sb.:让某人就座

he is sitting there. you seat him;

〖语法精粹〗

When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.

--

seated

★play n.戏

★loudly adv. 大声的

★angry adj. 生气的

cross=angry ; I was was cross.

annoyed: 恼火的;

I was annoyed. I was angry/cross.

I was very angry.

be blue in the face; I am blue in the face.

★angrily adv. 生气的

副词修饰动词

★attention n. 注意

Attention ,please. 请注意

pay attention :注意

pay attention to : 对什么注意

You must pay attention to that girl.

pay a little attention :稍加注意

pay much attention :多加注意

pay more attention :更多注意

pay no attention :不用注意

pay close attention 密切关注

链接 1） draw/catch/arrest/attract one’s attention

--

吸引某人注意力

2） turn one’s attention to ...把注意力转向…

3） focus/fix one’s attention on 集中注意力于…

4） distract/divert 分散注意

★bear(bore,borne) v. 容忍

I can't bear/stand you

endure :忍受,容忍 endurable

put up with :忍受

I got divorced.I could not put up with him

suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦

I suffer the headache. Suffer from

He often suffers defeat.

bear/stand/endure=put up with

忍受的极限在加大

bear n.熊 white bear

bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱 give sb a bear hug

★Business n. 事

Business man :生意人 business card /name card 名片

do Business: 做生意 Harvard business college

on Business:出差

I went to Tianjin on Business.

thing 可以指事情,也可以指东西

--

It's my Business 私人事情=It's none of your Business= None

of your Business

★rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地

rude adj.

【课文讲解】

Last week

go to the theatre

see a film,go to the cinema

go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛

go to the doctor's 去看病

go to the dairy 去牛奶店

go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店

go to the butcher's 买肉

go to school: 去上学

go to church: 去做礼拜

go to hospital(医院):去看病

go to the Great Wall

go home; 跟Home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息

I am at Home

enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心 have a passion for 热爱

enjoy+sth :喜欢,从当中得到一种享受

I like something very much./I love something.

--

I enjoy the class.

I enjoy the music.

I enjoy the book.

enjoy the dinner/film/program/game

were sitting :当时正座在

过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作

一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述

I+be+v(ing)

The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her.

The girl is reading a book in the garden.

got :变得,表示一种变化,got angry

I am/was angry 是一个事实

I got angry:强调变化过程

It is hot.

It got hot.

got取代be动词,got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词

说话的时候喜欢用缩略.I'm not,he isn't,they aren't

写的时候会说:I am not,he is not,they are not

I didn't do sth,I did not do sth

hear:听见

hear+人:听见某人的话

I could not hear your pardon?

--

I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't

catch your word.

I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.

Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.

turn round:转头

I could not bear it./you./the noise.

I can't hear a word.

hear a word, a word 等于一句话

May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?

写作当中的第一步从完整句子开始写起

sitting behind

behind: 在...后面

in front of :在...前面 (相对静止的概念)

before : 在...前面 (+词、句子、一定和时间相连)

above: 在...上面

ahead of: 在...前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)

He arrived before six o'clock.

Before he came back

Ahead of time

He goes ahead of me.

any——用在否定句和疑问句中

some——用在肯定句中

--

none——没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us

knows.

not any=no

not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面

He didn't pay attention

no——形容词、修饰名词

I don't have any friends./I have no friends.

I have no time./I don't have any time.

【KEY STUCTURES】 关键句型

Word order in simple statements: 简单陈述句的语序

陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号

6 1 2 3 4 5

6

when? Who? Action Who? How? Where?

When?

Which? Which?

What? What?

---主语一般有名词或代词构成 you can use the

smartphone.

The girl （sitting over there )gives me an apple.

--

who is sitting over there 定语 修饰 的

非谓语动词 （ 现在分词ing，过去分词ed，动词不定式 to do）

sitting over there =who is sitting over there 简短

Me 间接宾语 apple 直接宾语

2 ---谓语由动词充当

3 ---宾语

4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语

I like her very much

5 ---地点状语

6 ---时间状语可以放在句首或句末 I like the girl very much

in Beijing last year.

简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语

主语——>动词——>宾语——>状语

状语: 放在最前面是副词,方式状语,表示状态/程度的状语,下面是地点,然后是时间

1.主语和动词不能少

2.如果时间和地点连在一起,先放地点,再放时间

如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and where

练习：

排列句子The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate

greedily; in the Kitchen.

The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this

--

morning.

排列句子 game; played; yesterday; in their room; the

children; quietly

The children played game quietly in their room yesterday.

Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I

sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.

Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the

window. It was dark outside.

'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just

then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.' I've just

arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.' 'But

I'm still having breakfast,' I said.

'What are you doing?' she asked. ‘I’m having breakfast,'

I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's

one o'clock!''

那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，--

外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。”

“但我还在吃早饭，”我说。

“你在干什么？”她问道。

“我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。

“天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经1点钟了！”

until

1. prep. 到…为止， 在…以前

I stayed up until four o’clock trying to get my assignment

done. （用作介词， 引出时间状语）

我熬夜到四点以完成功课。

非谓语动词：现在分词 ing 过去分词 ed 动词不定式 to

do

汉语 重 意合

英语 重 形合

后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句

1) His father didn't die until he came back. (肯定)

直到他回来,他爸爸才死。

2) His father was alive until he came back. (否定)

直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。

conj. 到…为止， 在…以前， 直到…才

--

Nothing is learned until you can use it. （该句中是用作连词，因为它后面跟的是句子）

★outside adv. 外面 作状语

He is waiting for me outside. Inside adv.

It is cold outside.

★ring() v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的)

The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

给某人打电话 : ring sb.

Tomorrow I'll ring you.

打电话(名) : give sb. a ring

remember to ring me/remember to give me a ring

★ring a bell 提醒， 使…想起 （听力必备词汇）

Does this name ring a bell? 这个名字是否让你想起点什么？

n. 环状物 ，圆圈 , 戒指

The kids sat in a ring around the teacher. 孩子们围坐在老师周围。

The Lord of the Rings 《指环王》 landlord n.地主

★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈

uncle: 叔叔 sibling n.兄弟姐妹

cousin: 堂兄妹 offspring n. descendant n.

nephew: 外甥

--

niece: 外甥女

Vi. 不及物 Vt.及物动词

★Would you mind repeating your question please? 你能重复一遍你的问题吗？

History always repeats itself. 历史总在重演。

Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool repeats it.

人人皆犯错， 只有傻瓜一犯再犯。

★repeat + that…

She repeated that she had no interest in this field. 她一再说她对这个领域不感兴趣。

→ n. repetition His second book is full of repetition.

他的第二 本书有许多重复之处。

→ adj. repeated repeated mistakes 老出的错 /

warnings 不停的警告

→ adv. repeatedly He visited her family repeatedly,

begging her to marry him. 他一再地拜访她家，求她嫁给他。

1. What a day!

感叹句， 用来表示说话人的喜怒哀乐， 一般用感叹词how或what引导， how修饰形容词或副词， what修饰的中心词是名词。

What引导的感叹句基本结构：

①What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词 （单数） ＋主语＋谓语!

--

（主谓可省）

What a beautiful day （it is） !

②What＋形容词＋可数名词复数 （或不可数名词） ＋主语＋谓语！

What cute puppies （these are） !

What lovely weather （it is） !

How引导的感叹句基本结构是： How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语

How terrifying the experience is!

2. It’s raining again.

“下雨了！” 有多种表达法。如：

It’s drizzling. （毛毛雨）

It’s raining cats and dogs. （大雨瓢泼）

I will be there for you, rain or shine! （风雨无阻）

3. “I’ve just arrived by train,” she said. “I’ m coming

to see you.”

交通方式= by + 具体交通工具 derail

by train / bus / bike / ship / plane / light rail / subway

/ MRT （mass rapid transit） ／minibus /motorbike / moped

（助动车）等等， 除了on foot。

--

Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went

to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A

friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 'Then he

lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand

a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays

passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends.

On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and

bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room,

but I did not write a single card!

明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！

Word Study

vt.(spoiled or spoilt)

1). ruin 破坏，糟蹋，使…不如意

The rain spoiled the picnic. 下雨了，野炊泡汤了。

--

Too much oil spoils the soup. 油太重了会坏了汤的味道。

几种破坏：

打破玻璃用break;

damage:破坏，但是程度不一定很重;

destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁;

以上三个是指物理上的破坏，而spoil主要指精神上

2). 娇惯，宠爱

The child is badly spoiled. 那孩子给惯坏了。

3). 食物变坏，变质

Meat spoils easily in summer. 夏天，肉容易臭。

4). 谚语

Spare the rod and spoil the child. 省了棍子惯坏了孩子/不打不成材

5). spoiler

spoil-sport 扫兴的人

Don' t be such a spoil-sport ! 别这麽扫人兴!

公共的，公众的

这个词我们在第一课见过了，基本用法和private一起记。下面再说两点：

1）public house简称pub：酒吧 bar

2）in public:公开的; in private:私下里的

ly adj. Lovely

--

friendly adj.友好的

以-ly结尾是形容词，同样的还有lovely

friendly单独用，一般做宾语来用

作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly

way

1). 亲切的，和蔼的，友好的

A doctor should be a friendly person. 医生应该亲切。

friendly nations 友邦

a friendly smile 亲切的微笑

a friendly match 友谊赛

2). 有利的，有益的

a friendly rain 及时雨

a friendly warning 忠告

3).be on friendly terms with sb. 与某人关系融洽

This company is on friendly terms with clients. 这家公司与客户的关系很好。

4). friend

make friends with 与某人交朋友

A friend in need is a friend indeed. Adj.真正的

患难朋友才是真正的朋友。

5). friendship 友谊

--

lend color to 使某件事情显得可信

The success of the experiment lends color to his theory.

实验的成功使他的理论更可信。

lend an ear to 耐心而同情地听

We should lend an ear to those international refugees.

我们应该耐心听听国际难民的遭遇。

lend name to 参与某事

He never lends his name to violence.

他从不参与暴力活动。

lend a (helping)hand to 资助，帮助

The merciful boss lends a helping hand to the village with

a school. Mercy

那位好心的老板资助这个村庄建学校。

on

做出决定做某事

make /reach/come to / a decision to do sth

decide to do sth

make up one’s mind to do sth

be determined to do sth determination n.

Success goes to the determined.==where there is a

will,there is a way.

7. whole adj.整个的

--

on the whole 整体说来

The plan is successful on the whole.

整体来说，这个计划是成功的。

as a whole 总体来说

The book is worth reading as a whole.

总的来说，这本书值得一读。

the whole truth 全部真相

wholehearted 全心全意的，全神贯注的→wholeheartedly

wholeness 完整性 wholesale 批发

all of后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修饰词，一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the

all of us;all of the students

a single bed 单人床 → a double bed 双人床

a single parent 单亲

biological parent 亲生父母

adoptive/foster parent养父母

the single life 独身生活→ a married life 婚姻生活

a single ticket 单程票→ a round trip ticket 往返票

have a word with sb 和某人说几句话

have words with sb 与某人争吵

--

写作：in other words 换句话说

word for word 一字一句地，原原本本地

Can I have a word with you ? 我能和你说几句话吗？

Tony had words with his wife last night.

Tony 昨天晚上和妻子吵架了。

In other words, you can’t live without communicating.

换句话说，你活着就得交流。

She told me the whole story word for word.

她把事情一五一十地告诉了我。

Keep the word =keep a promise 信守诺言

Break a promise

n. v.

line up 排队

outline 轮廓，纲要，概述

underline 下划线 v.

read between lines 读懂言外之意

be online 在线

be offline 离线

Fans lined up for the signature from the super star.

追星族排队等候大明星的签名。

The architect drew an outline of the building.

建筑师画出了大楼的轮廓。

--

He outlined his theory in a few words.

他用几句话概括了他的理论。

When it comes to poet, we always need to read between lines.

说到诗，很多情况下我们不能只从字面上理解。

think about/of 考虑，思考，think of还可指 想到

What do you think of the weather today?

冷：cold,chilly(凛冽)，freeze:I'll freeze.(冻僵)

think over:仔细考虑

think out 仔细考虑，想出办法

think sth through 全面地考虑问题

think-tank 智囊团，专家小组 panel

thinkable 可以想象的，可以想见的 ----unthinkable 不可想象的

thinker 思想家 ,statesman,educator,poet

v.寄

寄信：send a letter

用法：send sth to sb/send sb sth

类似的用法还有give,take,pass,

send/take children to school

区别：take：强调某人亲自送;

send则是通过第三人去送，如美国的校车

--

本课重点：双宾语

双宾语指直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(表示动作目标)

如在give sb sth中，sb是间接宾语，sth是直接宾语

间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to

give sth to sb.(对……而做，翻译为“给”)或for(为……而做，翻译为“替”)

可以翻译为“给”，“替”，“为”的，就用for;如果只能翻译为“给”就以用to

give a book to me;I buy a book for you.

总结：用for的词：buy,order,make,find

Do me a favor please.=Do a favor for me.

Exercise

paid some money to the shop-keeper.

writer brought the man a bottle of beer.

宾语补足语

museum n.博物馆

英语词源故事——museum（博物馆）：文艺女神缪斯

缪斯（Muses）是希腊神话中主管科学和文艺的女神们的总称，共九位。由于缪斯女神主管文艺，所以在古代西方，人们往往将杰出的艺术作品放在缪斯女神的神庙中，这就是博物馆（museum）的起源。它由muse（缪斯）和表示“场所”的后缀-um，本意就是“缪斯的神庙”。

--

同样，英语单词music（音乐）原本是muse的形容词，本意是“缪斯的（艺术）”，mosaic（马赛克、镶嵌艺术）的本意是“work of

the Muses”（缪斯的作品），以前都是供奉给缪斯女神的。

Muse： [mjuːz] n. 司文艺、音乐、美术的女神缪斯

museum：[mjuː'zɪəm]n.博物馆

music：['mjuːzɪk]n.音乐，乐曲

mosaic：[mə(ʊ)'zeɪɪk]n.马赛克，镶嵌，镶嵌图案

那么多博物馆一定要记住我们的Palace Museum(故宫)

14.性别词缀-ess “女的，女性的，雌性的”

waiter →waitress 女服务员 只出现在餐馆里

actor →actress 女演员

prince →princess 公主

lion →lioness 母狮子

--

领班：chief waiter

商店里的店员：shop assistant

其他公共场所的服务员:attendant

15.语言不可数，所以要用a little Italian或a few words of

Italian

summer里的last表示“上一个”

the last day里的last表示“最后一个”，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the，这时前面要加介词

+时间+地点

eg:I spent three hours in the sea.

I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)

I spend my weekend at my mother's.

I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.

Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He

is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is

an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already

visited a great number of different places in Australia.

He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice

Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will

soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My

--

brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this

trip very exciting.

我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。

★New words and expressions

1.★exciting adj.令人兴奋的

激动->d ,exciting

excite, surprise, satisfy, frighten

等动词的词义中含有“使……”的意思 .它们的共同点就是都可以通过在后面分别加 -ing和-ed构成形容词，其中-ing词尾的形容词 用来表示所说明的物体或人给人的感觉，可以理 解成“令人……的”；

而以-ed结尾的形容词则用来表示“感到……的”，通常用来说明人的情绪。

excite 使……兴奋 surprise 使……吃惊

Satisfy 使……满意 frighten 使……害怕

an exciting speech 激动人心的讲话

an excited person （感到）兴奋的人

--

surprising news 令人吃惊的消息

a surprised child （感到）吃惊的孩子

interesting:令人感到有趣的;interested：感到有意思的

动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……

eg:The news excited me. The book interested me.

2. ★receive v.接受，收到

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.

同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。

在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。

This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。

Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。

3个接受：

receive 收到（不一定接受）客观的收到

accept 接受（肯定收到） 主观上乐意

receive(与have通用)： receive/have a letter from sb

eg:This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but

I didn't accept it.

--

take:接受，与前两词无可比性，只需记住两个搭配：

take the exam;take advice adopt advice

衍生词： elevator n.电梯 elevate v.

receiver 接收器，接受者 receipt 收条，收据

reception 服务台 receptionist 接待员

receptive 接受得快的 adj.

He is receptive to new ideas concept。

他很容易接受新思维。

received 被普遍接受的 adj.

a received theory 得到广泛认可的理论

反义词：decline, refuse, reject ,deny, turn down,

句型：收到……来信

receive a letter from=hear from

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

给……写信

write to sb=write a letter to sb=drop sb a line

3. ★firm n.商行，会计行，事务所，公司等同于company

1）n.公司,企业 company , enterprise, corporation

2）adj.结实的，坚硬的

firm muscles结实的肌肉 firm soil 坚硬的土壤

3）adj.坚定的，不容易改变的

firm belief坚定的信仰 firm evidence 可靠的证据

--

firm refusal 严词拒绝

4）adv. firmly a firmly handshake

The knob was fixed on the door firmly.

把门把牢牢地安装在门上。

4.★abroad adv.在国外

注意是个副词，直接和动词连用，不需要介词

go abroad 去国外 aboard n. 甲板 v.登机

live abroad 国外定居

study abroad 国外学习

5. ---different adj. --- difference n.

different adj. 不同的

① adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）

We are planning something different（后置定语） this year.

我们今年有不同的打算。

My room is different from yours.

② adj. 各种各样的，不同的 various diverse

culture----diversity

a wide range of all sorts

of

This department store sells a large number of different

things.

这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。

--

He has visited many different places in China. 他去过中国的不少地方。

be different from 与……有区别

Tell the difference between A and B A和B 的区别

differ from… 与……有区别

differentiate 辨别，讲出或指出区别

I differ with him on the plan.

=I don’t agree with him on the plan.

关于计划，我和他的观点不一样。

Tastes differ. 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。

We must agree to differ on this.

我们必须承认在这个问题上有分歧。

Men and women differ.

Men differ from women.

Men are different from women.

There are differences between men and women.

One can differ men from women.

以上句子的基本意思都是：男女有别。

相同

be similar to 与……相似

resemble to象，类似

the same as 与……一样

--

6.★have been+in 地点

他已经到北京了：He has arrived in Beijing. 瞬间动词

持续性动词 wait

到北京一年了，就不能用arrive了。因为arrive是表示点的动词，不能和段时间连用。

所以用我们的新句型：have been in 地点

He has been in Beijing for one year.

Has 第三人称单数/have第一，第二，复数 +动词的过去分词

Be动词-- am is are was were

现在完成时态的基本用法：

现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before (now)（以前）；so far（到目前为止），up to now（直到现在），just（刚刚），already（已经），lately（最近），now（现在），for+ 一段时间；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。

1.表示已经完成的事情，强调行为的结果，但不强调行为发生的具体时间

I have finished my work. 我的事（已经）做完了。

2.表示曾经有过的经历。

The professor has been sent abroad. 这位教授曾经被派出国。

3.表示过去发生的行为持续了一段时间，

--

He has lived there for years. 他在那里住了好些年了。

, already, ever, just等几个副词在完成事态

句子中的位置为：have（ *）done

句型操练模仿：规则动词和不规则动词的完成时

1. Have your breakfast

have 助动词之外，还可以是实义动词

I have already had（have实际意义的动词） him to leave.

He has already left.

her to comb her hair.

She has already combed her hair.

a letter to him.

I’ve already written a letter to him.

on the stereo.

I’ve already turned on the stereo.

her to wash the dishes.

She’s already washed the dishes.

him to read Macbeth.

He’s already read Macbeth.

a holiday.

I’ve already taken a holiday.

them to do their homework.

--

my breakfast.

They’ve already done their homework.

your work.

I’ve already finished my work.

the carpet.

I’ve already swept the carpet.

her to make the beds.

She’s already made the beds.

7.★work in 强调工作的地点

work for 强调work，不是在游逛，是在工作

8.★a great number of后面一定要加可数名词复数

a lot of可加可数名词也可加不可数名词

它们是约等于的关系

I have a lot of/a great number of friends.

I have a lot of time.中的a lot of 就不能替换为a great

number of了

9. ★have gone to :去了某地没回来

have been to :曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方

10.★from there:从那地方起

from既可以加时间又可以加地点

eg: from half past 8 to half past 11

from Beijing to Tianjin

11. ★fly to Perth=go to Perth by air

--

fly to 坐飞机去 drive to 开车去

ride to 骑车（马、驴等）去 walk to 步行去

go+地点+介词 + 交通工具

go* by bike go *on horseback go* on foot

12.★before用在句子的末尾是副词，翻译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志。

13.★find+宾语+形容词做宾补

find trip exciting; find the room clean

注意，在本句中用的是find的进行时态。

在收听外台的广播中经常能听到find不用一般式，而用进行式。

eg:We're finding the program very exciting.

在写的时候用一般式，口语就用进行式

下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时（瞬间性动词）：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire

【Multiple choice questions】

1. Tim is in Australia. He went ___a___ Australia six months

ago.

Ａ. to Ｂ. in Ｃ. at Ｄ. into

at… 表示位置 （be at是典型表示位置的介词短语）

--

go to… 只要有to这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the

theater

go in… (in 做副词)很少加宾语 He went in.

go into… 有去的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the room

move常用的意义是“动”、“移动”，在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用，也可组成短语move to，move into，move in，move out。

move in:搬进来 move to the new house:正在搬

move into :搬进去了 move out 搬走

Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after

tomorrow.

2. Tim is in Australia. How long ___b___ there? 对一段时间的提问

Ｔｈｒｅｅ ｍｏｎｔｈｓ

Ａ. is he Ｂ. has he been Ｃ. has he Ｄ. was

he

对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连

3. He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin＿c＿.

a. Quickly b. for a short time c . shortly d. in

a hurry

quickly 指的是动作上的快 He went quickly .

for a short time 不久, 表示动作延续一段时间

--

soon = shortly 不久以后, 表示在这段时间之后，强调的是时间上的快

in a hurry:匆忙的（指动作）

Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞

Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has

just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only

five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a

telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve

pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from

Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three

minutes. Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests

for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage

--

to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private

telephone service.

詹姆斯.斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部，现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部。平赫特离锡尔伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他买了只鸽子。昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里。这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。就这样，他开始自己的私人“电话”业务。

★New words and expressions

st is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott

cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just

bought twelve pigeons. 平赫斯特离锡尔伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯·斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他买了12只鸽子。

(1)这句话由3个部分组成。but引导的句子与前面的句子为并列关系，so引导的句子表示结果。

his mother,the little boy threw himself into his

mother’s hug. 现在分词短语替代时间状语从句（简要）

the little boy saw his mother, he threw himself into

his mother’s hug.

(2)from 在这里表示距离上相隔，译为“离”、“从”等：

--

The school is a mile (away) from my house.

学校离我家有一英里。

She has been away from home for 5 days now.

她离家已有5天了

1.★pigeon n.鸽子 贝亲

口语里常说：It's not my pigeon.=None of my business.这不是我的过错

2. ★message n. 信息(可数名词)

an oral/ written message 口信/便条

与message相关的另一个词是 messenger，意为“送信人”、“信使”等。

Message-messenger

passage----passenger with the passage of the

time

Inform通知 ------information 信息(不可数名词)

leave sb a message:给……留便条

I'll leave you a message.

take a message for sb:替……捎口信

此句在电话里非常常用，如果你要找的人不在，对方会说：

Can I take a message for you?

或者你可以说：Can you take a message for me?

3.★cover v.越过

--

1)n.覆盖物 the cover of a TV/pot/car

2)n.可以躲避的地方，掩护shelter，refuge

I want to take cover from the rain.

我想躲雨。take cover: 找躲避的地方，from接躲避的对象

The desert is treeless and gives no cover.

沙漠里光秃秃的，连避一避的地方也没有。

3)n.封面

I read the book from cover to cover.

我把这本书从头到尾读了一遍。 cover girl 封面女郎

4)n.幌子，伪装

They deal drugs under the cover of legal business.

他们打着合法生意的幌子进行毒品交易。illegal

Mortal----immortal

Vt. cover……with……

1)v.遮盖，覆盖，淹没，掩饰

The body was covered with a sheet.

尸体上盖着一块布。

The flood covered everything around there.

洪水把那里的一切都淹没了。

He laughed to cover his embarrassment. N. barcode

Embarrass v.

Embrace （em 在+brace手臂）

--

他用笑声来掩饰尴尬。

2)v.处理，涉及，适用于 include，deal with，apply to

The course covers the basic parts of English learning.

这个课程涉及了英语学习的基础部分。

The rules cover any case. 该规则适用于任何情况。

3)v..越过一段距离 cover+距离：越过 cover the distance

The car can cover 200 miles in an hour.

这种车每小时速度可以达到200英里。

4) v.报道 report

Many reporters are sent to cover the Olympics.

许多记者被派去报道奥运会。

5).掩护

6).discover v.发现 (dis→去掉， cover→覆盖物 )

discovery n.发现，发明的东西

4. ★distance n.距离 dis+ stance stand

I will not agree to build the factory near the school.

I will never agree to

Never will i agree to build the factory near the school.

Under no circumstance will i agree to build the factory near

the school.

Circumstance(circle+stance)境况，情况

adj:distant

--

以-ce结尾的名词，形容词一般以-t结尾

如：n. importance--important adj.

n. difference-- different adj.

n. Patience-----patient adj.

短语：

distance-post 里程标 at a distance 隔一段距离

in the distance 在远处 keep distance 保持距离

at a respectful distance 敬而远之

distant view 远景 distant relations 远亲

a distant look 冷漠的表情 a distant date 遥远的日期

a distant likeness 细微的共同点

文化点睛：

中国人往往喜欢和人靠的很近，而英美人喜欢保持一定距离，他们认为自己周围的一切，包括空气都是自己的。所以在餐厅吃饭，想和英美人坐一桌，应该先问：Can I join you?或Can

I share this table? 而不要直接去坐。

5. Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for

spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to

the other.

到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。

--

(1)这句话看起来很长，但却是个简单句。sent有两个宾语，一是requests，二是messages。from one garage to the other是整个句子的状语。

(2)up to now相当于until/till now，意思是“迄今”、“到目前为止”，一般与现在完成时连用：

Up to now, he has collected a good number of stamps.

到目前为止，他已收集了许多邮票。

up to now =up till now=so far 目前为止

Everything is going on well up to now.

So far, so good. 目前一切都好。

(3) request

1) n.要求，请求 request for:对……有请求，需求

，往往需要补充说明其内容，如课文中 requests for spare

parts(索取备件的信件)。

He granted my request for more time.

他同意了我延长时间的请求

t sb to do sth=ask sb to do sth:要求某人做……

在口语中用require sb to do sth

外国人喜欢用被动：You're required/asked

短语：

at one’s request=at the request of sb 应某人的要求

come into request /be in request 成为需求，变得紧俏

--

as requested 根据要求，按照要求

No reporter will be allowed in at the chairman’s request.

根据主席的要求，记者不得入内。

With China’s entry to WTO, language talents come into

request than ever before. 中国入世使语言人才空前吃香。

The conference room has been decorated as (it was )

requested. 会场已经按要求布置好了。

Customers made requests for better service. 顾客们要求更好的服务。

近义：ask for, apply for , solicit

(4)a great many在这句话中为形容词短语。many单独使用时前面不加a，但加了great/ good等形容词后，前面要加 a：

A large/great/good number of 大量的 （可数名词复数）

A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.

好多树在这场暴风雨中被毁坏了。

a great many还可以作代词短语用：

He has read a great many of the books in this room.

这房间的书他好多都读过了。

A great deal of 大量的+不可数名词

this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone'

service. 就这样，他开始了自己的私人“电话”业务。

(1)service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商--

店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务;

它作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作：

The service in that hotel is quite good.

那家旅馆的服务很不错。

You have done me a great service.你帮了我很大的忙

(2) 在课文中，service的意思是“业务”、“公用事业”等。

这类用法一般有：

the mail service(邮政业务);

the telephone service(电话业务);

a travel service(旅行社);

a news service(通讯社)等。可以看出，service既可以指公用事业的业务，也可以指办这些业务的机构。因此，课文中的“'telephone' service”实际上是个大词，有一种幽默感。

6.★spare part 备件

1）adj.多余的，空余的，空闲的

spare room 空着的房间 spare time 空余时间

spare cash 余钱，闲钱 spare tire 备用轮胎

2）v.节省，饶恕，让出，

He does not spare himself.

他对自己要求很严格。

Can you spare me the book for a few days?

--

把这本书借我几天好吗？

spare no pains(efforts) to do 不遗余力做某事 （全力以赴）

spare no expense 不惜工本

7.★service n.业务，服务

be at your service随时听候您的吩咐

(I'm glad to be)At your service. 我很乐意为您效劳。

文化点睛：

[总结]对Thank you.的回答：

1）-That's all right./That' OK.

绝对正确，绝对过时。只有老人还用，已渐渐被遗忘。

2）-You are welcome./Not at all./(It's)My pleasure./At your

service.

在演讲讲座的结尾，演讲者会说：Thank you for your

listening.此时以上回答都不准确，回应是报以热烈的掌声。

如果一个老外给你说Thank you.你一激动想不起怎么回答，最聪明的回答就是：No， thanks.同样对sorry可以回答：No

sorry.

8.★another:其它中的一个(+单数名词)

One miracle after another 一个又一个的奇迹

One problem after another

other(adj)+n.(可为单数或复数) 其它的 other people/books

--

the other:两个之中的另外一个(直接用，后面什么也不加)

句型：一个……另一个……

eg:I have two is watering the flowers,and the

other is reading.

others=other+名词复数 n.其他 句型：一些人。。其他人。。。

eg:Some boys are playing football,and others are

rowing/going boating.

选择题

Mr Scott has a garage in __B_garage is in

Pinhurst.

r ent

C错。else:其它的。else会放在被修饰词的后面。

它只能修饰两种词：1.疑问代词：who else,what else;2.不定代词：anyone else,anything else.

D错。 A和B语法上都对，但A不好。

原因：/a是冠词;his/my/your是形容词性物主代词;my

mother's是名词所有格。在语法上，以上三个词是不能同时并存的，一般要用只能用其中一个。所以his和another=an+other不同时出现。

在这里可以用但是用的不好，是因为语法的范围正在放宽松。

r强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个，强调的是有--

三个以上。

加单数就表示一个，his取代the的位置。

9.★距离的表达方式:Pinhurst is five miles(away)(from

Silbury).

Bus stop is only one mile (from school/here).

对距离提问：?

How far(away)is the bus stop?

10.★get a telephone:安装电话

11.★carry:带着，携着，意味着这个东西不会落地

I carry the bag.

take则是着地：I take my sister to the cinema.

12.★a great many=a great number of (+可数名词复数) 许多

a lot of太简单了，把它放到一边吧，有舍才有得：)

13.★关于way的几个短语：

★in this way:这样，以这种方式 in a friendly way

★by the way:顺便说以声(口语开头，插入语，用来转移话题，或使很严肃的问题变得较随意) btw,ILY, TTYL,IDK,ASAP

★on the way(to):在去……的途中(陈述句)

on the way to school/the office;on the way home

I met Mary on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了玛丽。

★in a way:从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上

--

In a way you are right.从某种意义上说你是对的。

★in the way:

1）.挡路：Sorry,you are in the way.但一般不需要说，只要说Excuse me.就行。

out of the way:让路

如果那个人死活不给你让路，你说：Get out of the way!滚开!

2）.=in this way 按照，以……方式：

记住一个句型：in the way you showed me.

eg:I fly the kite in the way you showed me.

但是in the family way不是以家庭的方式，而是指have a

baby.(PREGNANT)

★get one's own way:随心所欲

语法 Grammar in use

1.一般过去时与现在完成时

在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时：

Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst

to Silbury.

昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫斯特带到锡尔伯里。

在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时，则要用现在完成时，时间状语可以是不特指的now, just，或者是for引导的一段时间，或者不加任何时间状语：

--

He has written a book. 他写了一本书。

…now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.

……现在他刚在平赫斯特买下了另一个汽车修理部。(现在拥有)

在一段文章中可以同时出现一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。因此，要根据具体情况灵活运用这些时态，体会它们之间的区别：

I have a brother, Tom. He is an engineer. He has been abroad

for three years now. Several days ago, I received a letter

from him.我有一个弟弟，名叫汤姆。他是位工程师。他出国已3年了。几天前我收到了一封他的来信。

体会句子中完成时态和过去时态的区别。

1. A: When did you have breakfast? (ten minutes ago)

I had it ten minutes ago.

B: I’ve already had breakfast.

2. A: When did he leave?

(this morning) He left this morning.

B: He’s already left.

3. A: When did they go?

(a few minutes ago) They went a few minutes ago.

B: They’ve already gone.

4. A: When did you read this book? (last week)

I read it last week.

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