高级英语Lesson2(BooK2)Marrakech课后练习级答案

高级英语Lesson2(BooK2)Marrakech课后练习级答案

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EXERCISES 2

Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.

Suggested Reference Books [SRB]

1. any standard gazetteer

2. Encyclopaedia Britannica

Ⅱ.Questions on content:

1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows

poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.

2. How are people buried in Marrakech？

3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that

fact."(para 3)

4. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like？

5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"？

6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible Why does he

stress this point？

7. How was land cultivated in Morocco？

8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou

piece？

9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching

past？

Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:

1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is

this essay political Has the writer said anything of value？

2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then

can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery？

3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his

feelings about the people ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader？

4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before Could other groups

of paragraphs be rearranged What does this indicate about the organization

What gives the essay coherence？

5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism Has the writer

succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing" ？

6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant

descriptive details.

Ⅳ. Paraphrase:

1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a

derelict building-lot. (para 2)

2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para 3)

3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then

they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)

4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at

lightning speed. (para 9)

5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews

(para 10)

6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury

(para 10)

7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)

8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human

beings. (para 16)

9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. (para

17)

10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking

struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)

11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of

burden. (para 19)

12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)

13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms

(para 23)

14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (para 25)

15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in

his mind. (para 26)

Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.

Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:

1. wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)

2. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)

3. he stowed it gratefully (para 7)

4. his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)

5. as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para

11)

6. the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)

7. all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)

8. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms (para

23)

9. so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26)

Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:

1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan

2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria

3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle

Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ]

1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language

2. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms

3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right Word

Ⅷ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10

examples of each:

1. burying-ground

2. gravestone

3. mid-air

4. overcrowding

5. nine-tenths

Suggested Reference Books [ SRB ]

1. any standard dictionary

2. any book on lexicology or word building

IX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific

verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.

Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper

subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives,

prepositional or verbal phrases:

1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a

single armored division left to protect the home island.

dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for

profitless wheat farming.

educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere

financial support from the government.

have wasted their natural resources, but they should have protected and

conserved them.

Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were

coming.

6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better

understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.

7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of

love and passion of hatred and revenge.

8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only for a few days.

9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made

my way to the beach.

10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and

walked down the street toward the bank.

Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1) What is

the topic sentence 2) Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity Give your

reasons.

1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush

to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains

start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak.

Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence

everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the

leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming

cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to

eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is

done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the

fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring

begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the

farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be

cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the

sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a

thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.

2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I

never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no

Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is

that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening.

However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two

bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's

always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work

of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with

skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely

little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this,

these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final

reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American

or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (raw fish dipped in soy sauce

and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right

at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling

water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for

another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile

shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food

appeals to me？

Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:

fell come did fired

pulled feel sagged collapse

goes altered slobbered

climbed

went paralysed settled drooping

jolt seemed imagined knock

falling tower reaching trumpeted

shake came

When I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or ____________the kick

-- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish

roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a

time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious,

terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______,

but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken,

immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had _________ him

without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might

have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth

_______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could

have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At

the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his

feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a

third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it

_____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs.

But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed

beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk

_______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then

down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to

_________ the ground even where I lay.

XIII. Topics for oral work:

1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay？

2. Do you like Orwell' s style Give examples to support your

XIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty

of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your

real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.

习题全解

Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas,

130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather

goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in

1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550

to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began.

It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and

limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.

Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic

Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the

capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it

was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever

since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam.

From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was

almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish

agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence

in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of

the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African

Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They

often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few

tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.

Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- (a) the burial of the

poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for

a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation

of the poor soil; (e) the old women carrying fire wood.

2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.

3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the

colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.

4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely

windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.

5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.

6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of

this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts.

The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial

empires are in reality founded.

7. See paragraph 18.

8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her

and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman,

that is to say, as a beast of burden.

9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these

people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction" They knew

they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they

would rise up in revolt and free themselves.

Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils of colonialism or

imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty, misery and degradation of the

native people in the colonies.

2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first,

through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the

scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes

and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey

with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.

3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a

greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the

miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the

people are not considered nor treated as human beings.

4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of

paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made

up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and

suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon

this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.

5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in

showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".

6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the

clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to

significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea

"all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the

people are not considered or treated as human

beings.

IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of

mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a

building was going to be put up.

2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the

colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human

beings).

3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they

die and are buried in graves without a name.

4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a

carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.

5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of

Jews rushed out wildly excited.

6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury

which they could not possibly afford.

7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.

8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see

everything but the human beings.

9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the

poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．

10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard

backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．

11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in

the 。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．

12．People with brown skins are almost invisible．

13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which

hid their beautiful well—built bodies．

14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us。

15．Every white officers on their horses and the white

N．C．Os．marching with the black this thought hidden somewhere or other

in his mind．

Ⅴ.See the translation of the text．

Ⅵ.1．chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice

2．navvy：abbreviation of “navigator”.a British word meaning an unskilled

on canals..．

3．Stow：put or hide away in a safe place

4．warp： twist out of shape

5．self-contained：self—sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is

necessary

6．wretched：poor in inferior

7．mummified：thin and like a mummy

8．reach—me—down：(British colloquialism)second—hand or ready—made

clothing

9． charger：a horse ridden in battle or on parade

Ⅶ．cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音.并伴以流 泪。weep更具体.强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿 地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper43 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。

2．mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状.具体表现为喜怒无常.时哭时笑.行为不能自制；delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱(如酒醉发烧时).具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；frenzy是非医学用语.指狂暴不能自制。 hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱.表现为容易激动、焦躁不安、感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎、 耳聋等。用于引申义时.mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度.成为癖好.如a mania for drinking(嗜酒)；delirium 指极度兴奋.如a delirium of joy(狂喜)；hysteria指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发.如：She laughed and cried in her hysteria．(她又是笑又是哭.感情难以控制。)。

3．flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反 射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光。

Ⅷ．1．burying—ground(verbal noun in— ing + noun)：drinking cup. hiding

point. carving suit

2．gravestone(noun +noun)：— —— dow—pane

3．mid—air(adjective +noun)：half——market. half—pay。—. handy man

4．orercrowding(adverb +verbal noun in—ing)：—freezing. underpricing. ——dating

5．nine—tenths(adj．from a cardinal number + an44ordinal number) : one-fifth, two-sixths, three-eighths, one-ninth

IX. 1. "thread" as in "The little crowd hreaded their way across

the market… ", indicating that the market was so crowded that the crowd could

hardly pass through.

2. "rise", "sweat", "starve", and "sink" as in "They rise out of the earth, they

sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless

mounds of the graveyard"-", giving a deep impression of how these people live a

short and miserable life.

3. "sidle" as in "An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy

hoe and sidled slowly towards us", showing clearly how a shy man walked

carefully.

4. "grope" as in "Even a blind man .'. heard a rumour of cigarettes and came

crawling out, groping in the air with his hand", presenting a clear picture of a

blind man desiring to get a cigarette.

5. "mummify" as in "All of them are mummified with age and the sun "--", a

forceful word indicating what a miserable state those women are in.

6. "hobble" as in"'" the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their

firewood "'", indicating that these women could not walk properly because of

the heavy load they were carrying.

7. "tip" as in """ its master tips it into the ditch """, showing how casually a

master deals with his dead dog which has served him

devotedly.

8. "stow" as in "I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret

place under his rags", designating how much the poor navvy treasured that

piece of bread.

Ⅹ. the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single

armored divison left to protect the home island.

2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being

plowed for profitless wheat farming.

3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere

financial support from the government.

4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have

protected and conserved.

5. Soon other settlers were coming in over the first rough trail which the

Caldwell family had opened.

6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity,

for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit.

7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions--passions of love and of hatred

and revenge.

8. For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office.

9. Concealed by the fog of early dawn, I crawled out and made my way to the

beach.

10. Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and taking the leather bag of coins,

I walked down the street toward the bank.

Ⅺ.1."Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature" is the topic sentence.

This paragraph lacks unity. It is a bad piece of writing. The writer of this

paragraph has completely forgotten what he had started out to say. Instead of

being an "eternal battle", life in this paragraph be-comes a pleasant and exciting

experience--which it probably is, but that is not what the writer set out to prove.

"There are three reasons why I like Japanese food" is the topic sentence. This

paragraph lacks unity because the writer introduces facts and ideas irrelevant to

the topic stated in his opening sentence, e. g. "However, most Japanese love

rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. "

and "Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for

another reason--the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly

as they serve your food.

Ⅻ. pulled, feel, goes, went, come, fe11, altered, paralyzed seemed, sagged,

slobbered, settled, imagined, fired, collapse, climbed, drooping, did, jolt, knock,

falling, tower, reaching, trumpeted, came, shake

ⅩⅢ. Omitted.

ⅪⅤ. Shack Dwellers in Old Shanghai

At the edge of Old Shanghai, there were some areas neglected by the splendid

city: they were desolate, dirty, and lay humbly at the foot of high-rise factory

chimney. From the point of view of the city residents, these places were not suit-

able for men. There, however, did live crowds of creature called human beings.

They dwelled in the shacks they built themselves. A shack was made up of mud

and dried hay--the former being the component of walls and the latter being the

roof. Usually there was a small door with a thin wooden board and seldom was

there any window. One could easily touch the roof with his hand. The shack was

small and dim, thus the door was seldom kept closed. When it rained or blew,

there was no more difference inside than outside.

How did they manage to live Some of them were road builders: they dug hard

with a pickaxe, pulled a huge stone roller to flatten the road, or dug gutters

underground all the day. Some made a living by wheelbarrow. With a load of

nearly 500 kilogrammes, they pushed forward sweating all over. Some dragged

their rickshaws. And among those shack dwellers were many industrial workers,

male and female. When a child grew to be thirteen, he or she started to work in

a factory. In short, the vast majority of the people did toil but got a slight gain.