2023年考研考博常用英语专有名词

总裁助理assistant president

综合治理comprehensive treatment

安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化information-based; informationization

智力密集型concentration of brainpower; knowledge-intensive

外资公司overseas-funded enterprises

下岗职工laid-off workers

分流reposition of redundant personnel

三角债chain debts

素质教育education for all-round development

豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects

社会治安情况law-and-order situation

民族 国家nation state

台独"independence of Taiwan"

台湾当局Taiwan authorities

台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots

台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the

Chinese territory.

西部大开发Development of the West Regions

可连续性发展sustainable development

风险投资risk investment

通货膨胀inflation

通货紧缩deflation

扩大内需to expand domestic demand

计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction(CAI)

网络空间cyberspace

虚拟现实virtual reality

网民netizen(net citizen)

电脑犯罪computer crime

电子商务the e-business

网上购物shopping online

学生减负to reduce study load

下海plunge into the commercial sea

下网offline

小康之家well-off family; comfortably-off family

新秀up-and-coming star, rising star

新新人类New Human Being；X Generation

信息港info port

形象小姐/先生image representative of a product or a brand

虚拟网virtual net

学生处students’ affairs division

研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma / graduate degree’s diploma

摇钱树cash cow

以人为本people oriented; people foremost

义务教育compulsory education

易拉罐pop can

应试教育examination-oriented education system

舆论导向direction of public opinion

运球dribble

在职博士生on-job doctorate

早恋puppy love

招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office

证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange

知识产权intellectual property rights

中专生secondary specialized or technical school student

中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone

专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store

自我保护意识self-protection awareness

综合国力comprehensive national strength

综合业务数字网integrated service digital network(ISDN)

公正、公平、公开just, fair and open

好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster

黄金时段prime time

假唱lip-synch

劲射power shot

拉拉队cheering squad

来电显示电话机caller ID telephone

论文答辩(thesis) oral defense

泡沫经济bubble economy

票贩子scalper, ticket tout

拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster

三角恋爱love triangle

三维动画片three-dimensional animation

申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games

实现中华民伟大复兴bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese

nation

市场疲软sluggish market

筒子楼tube-shaped apartment

脱贫致富cast(shake,throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity

网吧Internet bar

网恋online love affair

网上冲浪surf the Internet

网上交易平台online trading platform

网友net friend

无人售票self-service ticketing

无绳来电显示电话cordless telephone with caller ID

无线应用协议 WAP（wireless application protocol）

不服从父母disobey their parents

提倡人力资源管理advocate the management of human resources

调查性和婚姻状况conduct a survey on sex and marriage

对子女寄予厚望pin great hopes on their children

反映人们的私生活reflect people’s private lives

鼓励创建文明家庭encourage the idea of “Civilized Families”

过孤独的生活lead an isolated life

坚持计划生育的基本国策stick to the basic state policy for family planning

进行全国人口普查carry out national population census

严禁别人作克隆人的实验inhibit others from doing human cloning

experiments

开辟人类历史新纪元start a new chapter in the history of human

控制人口数量(增长) control the population size (growth)

实现向低出生、低死亡、低自然增长的现代人口再生产类型的转变

bring about a transition to the modern population reproduction pattern

characterized by a low birth rate, low death rate and low natural growth

rate

损害人类社会的道德观damage the morality of human society

缩小代沟narrow the gap

提倡晚婚晚育encourage late marriage and late childbirth

提出离婚ask for a divorce

提高人口素质improve the population quality

维护和促进人民的生存权和发展权safeguard and promote the people’s

rights to subsistence and development

维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve

the human rights situation

享受优越的生活条件enjoy good living condition

显示明显的差异display a marked difference

优化人口结构optimize the population structure

优生优育bear and rear better children

占总人口的10% account for 10% of the total population

导致不同的思想和观念result in a different ideology and concepts

造福人类和科学benefit mankind and science

对的解决经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系

correctly handle the relationship of economic development

versus (with) population，natural resources and environment

征求父母的意见ask for her parents’ opinion

挣零花钱earn their pocket money

重视人口老年化问题pay attention to the problem of an aging population

逐渐削弱长辈的权威undermine the authority of the older generation

尊重和保障人权 respect and guarantee human rights

帮助减缓全球变暖速度help slow down the pace of global warming

保持生态平衡keep ecological balance

保持水土preserve soil and water

保护珍稀野生动植物protect rare wild animals and plants

保存为自然耕地reserve as natural farmland

采用环保技术adopt environmental protection technique

采用新的开采方法apply new exploitation methods

参与城市重建participate in the reconstruction of the city

参与环保运动take part in environmental protection activities

产生巨大的水文效应produce great hydrological effects

崇尚绿色生活方式pursue a “green” life

发明良好的生态环境create a pleasant ecological environment

促进城市可连续发展promote the sustainable development of the city

发展太阳能develop solar energy

防治污染prevent and control pollution

非常注重保护森林pay great attention to the conservation of forest

改善生态环境improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)

关闭化工厂close chemical plants

加大污染治理力度strengthen pollution control

加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city

加强环境保护strengthen environmental protection

加强生态建设improve the eco-construction

加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil

坚持门前三包制度adhere to “the three responsibilities in the gate area”

减少机动车辆reduce the number of vehicles

减少浪费reduce waste

揭开人类生命的奥秘decode the secret of human life

进一步加快环保规划further speed up environmental protection plans

严禁露天焚烧prohibit burning out in the open

开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocate to educate the public the protection

of wild animals

开展绿色活动advocate green activities

扩建管道网络expand the pipe network

普及环保知识popularize environmental protection knowledge

窃取密码snatch password

窃取知识产权lift intellectual property

实行严格的机动车排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standards

使电脑死机crash computers

使用再生纸use recycle paper

探索…的奥秘probe the mysteries of

淘汰或改造燃煤锅炉eliminate or convert coal-burning boilers

提高环境管理水平raise the environmental management level

提高居民的环保和生态意识improve residents’ environmental

and ecological awareness

提高清洁能源的比重increase the supply of clean energy resources

投放电脑病毒unleash viruses

完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure

为大量野生动植物提供栖息地provide habitats for a huge number of wild

animals and plants

为人类提供水和食物supply water and food for human beings

享受国家一级保护enjoy first-class protection of the State

削减污物排放decrease the disposal of pollutants

克制传染病的传播strain the spread of infectious diseases

引发一系列的问题result in a series of problems

防止爱滋病蔓延prevent the widespread of AIDS

增强环境意识enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the

consciousness about) environmental protection

战胜非典defeat SARS

治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion

注重节约资源attach importance to saving resources

把…列为世界自然文化遗产list …as a world natural heritage site

摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)

保护文化遗产protect cultural heritage (relics)

博采各国文化之长draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries

不注重历史neglect history

采用保护态度take protective attitude

承担应有的义务undertake the due obligations

承前启后，继往开来build on the past and prepare for the future; inherit the

past and usher in the future

充足发挥知识分子的积极性和发明性give full play to the initiative and

creativity of intellectuals

触击现行法律的盲区touch a blank area of the existing law

创建卫生城市build a nationally advanced clean city

辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old

year and ring in the new)

从事电子商务工作conduct e-commerce

促进儿童身心健康发展promote the healthy development of children both

physically and mentally

促进交流promote the communication

促进文化市场健康发展facilitate the sound development of the markets for

cultural products

促进互相了解enhance (further) mutual understanding

得到群众的广泛支持enjoy grass-root support

抵住…的诱惑resist the temptation of

对…持欢迎态度take a welcoming attitude to

对…情有独钟show special preference (favor) to

发挥…的聪明才智develop one’s own talents and wisdom

发挥潜力tap one’s potential

繁荣文学艺术enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing

literature and art

反映中国的灿烂文化reflect the rich culture of China

放下架子relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs)

腐蚀人的灵魂poison one’s mind

改善教学improve teaching and learning

给学生减负alleviate the burden on students

和…持相似观点share views similar to

互派访问学者exchange visiting scholars

激发旅游热情stimulate enthusiasm for traveling

继承历史文化优秀传统carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from

history; carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions

加强文化基础设施建设build more cultural establishments

讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating

互换意见exchange views (ideas, opinions)

教书育人impart knowledge and educate people

经受住暴风雨的考验weather the storm

精心编写教材compile the textbooks with great care

净化因特网purify the Net

举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)

举行学术会议hold an academic meeting

开创假日经济initiate Holiday Economy

开发潜力exploit one’s potential

开阔视野widen one’s vision (horizon)

开设课程offer courses

开展对外文化交流conduct cultural exchange with other countries

开展群众性文化活动carry out mass activities on culture

攀登事业的高峰climb one’s career ladder

评估学业成绩evaluate academic scores (achievements)

避开与…比赛avoid playing against

标志一个历史时刻mark a historic time

表现完美give some very good performance

剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody

采用新的计分方法adopt a new scoring system

参与火炬接力participate in the torch-relay

参与热身赛take part in a key warm-up game

参与申办活动participate in the bidding campaign

超过世界记录surpass the world record

成为国家的骄傲become the pride of the nation

创新世界纪录set a new world record

达成国际体育标准reach the standard for international games

打败比利时队defeat Belgium

打破恶性循环break the wretched cycle

打破世界纪录beat (break, cut) the world record (for …)

担任中国国家队主教练serve as the head coach of the Chinese national

team

夺冠take the crown

反对使用兴奋剂oppose the use of performance-enhancing drugs

符合举办奥运会的规定meet the requirements of hosting the Olympic

Games

更具进攻性become more aggressive

鼓舞队员的士气boost the morale of the team members

获得认可gain recognition

获得团队冠军win the team title

激发中国青年的雄心壮志fuel the ambitions of Chinese youths

急于获胜gain an eagerness to win

建立职业联赛和俱乐部set up a professional league and clubs

角逐世界杯compete for the World Cup

满意抽签结果satisfy with the draw

面对强手face strong rivals

鸣笛终止比赛blow a whistle to stop the end of the match

配备各种设施furnish and equip with all facilities

取得经验gain experience

取得世界杯决赛资格qualify for the World Cup finals

保证中国进入决赛ensure China’s appearance in the final

申奥bid (apply) for being the host country of the Olympics

失去男子单打冠军miss out on men’s singles gold

实现零的突破fulfill the zero (gold medal, medal, etc) breakthrough

使其他选手相形见绌dwarf other athletes

使生命焕发活力wake up one’s life

使中国以3∶2取胜 give the Chinese a 3-2 victory

提出比赛建议make comments on the contests

提高中国队的水平raise the level of the Chinese team

挑选选手choose players

同教练反映一致share the same reaction with their coach

为奥林匹克运动做出奉献make contribution to the Olympics movement

and world peace

卫冕世界冠军regain world champion

吸引中国大学生优秀选手attract China’s top university players

向世界顶级球队学习learn from the world’s top teams

与对手较量take on an opponent

与强队竞争compete with strong teams

增进友谊strengthen friendship

展示技能demonstrate their skills

展示中国足球的最新发展demonstrate (show) the latest development of

China’s soccer

主办奥运会host the Olympic Games

主办中国大学生篮球联赛sponsor the China University Basketball

Association league

抓住练习和学习的机会grasp the chance to practise and learn

爱岗敬业cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work

保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the

national economy

保持国有股keep the State-held shares

保证下岗职工的基本生活guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers

被指控接受贿赂be accused of accepting bribes

采用不同的办法adopt various methods

采用反垄断措施take anti-monopoly measures

承担风险bear (take) risk

筹集足够的资金raise enough funds (capital, proceeds)

创收外汇earn foreign exchange (currency)

刺激国内经济需求spur domestic demand

刺激国内需求stimulate domestic demand

从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive

economy

从国外引进先进技术和管理经验introduce from abroad the advanced

technology and management expertise

促进地区间的合作promote regional cooperation

促进改革promote reform

促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy

打击投机crack down on speculation and profiteering

打破垄断break the monopoly

打假take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down

on counterfeit goods)

对…提出控告(投诉) lodge complaints against…

对…导致(构成)威胁form (pose) a threat to…

夺回失去的市场take back lost market

发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages

防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks

改善投资环境improve the environment for investment

赶超先进surpass the advanced

给…带来积极影响bring a more positive impact on…

根据市场作出调整gear ourselves to the market orientation

公证财产notarize the properties

和…达成(签订)协议reach (sign) an agreement with

和…进一步合作further cooperation with

和…有合作关系have cooperative ties with

活跃市场enliven the market

集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development

计算出准确的工资水平figure out an exact salary level

加快经济发展和结构调整speed up economic development and

restructuring

加快竞争步伐accelerate the competition

加快努力speed up efforts

加强风险防范prepare oneself against possible risks

加强管理reinforce the management

减缓通货紧缩的压力ease the seriousness of deflation

减轻…的承担reduce (lighten) the burden of (on)

减员增效downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency

剪彩cut the ribbon

解除劳动关系sever labor relation

解放生产力emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity)

把…捐给慈善机构donate …to charities

把…当作社会公敌look upon … as a threat to society

把…列为基本国策list…..as fundamental national policies

把…作为指导take… as the guide

把理论和实际结合起来integrate theory with practice …

把握大局grasp the overall situation

摆脱贫穷落后get rid of poverty and backwardness

保护妇女权利不受侵犯guarantee (protect) women’s rights against

infringement

采用各种措施adopt various measures

参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs

充满信心和力量be filled with confidence and strength

打破僵局break the deadlock

打破禁区break off a forbidden zone

得出结论draw ( arrive at，come to，reach ) a conclusion

锻造一支人民军队forge a people’s army

对…具有深远的影响have a far-reaching impact on

对…做出重要(巨大)奉献make important (great, major) contributions to

反对各种形式的恐怖主义be opposed to all forms of terrorism

反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government

高举伟大旗帜hold high the great banner

给…带来机遇和挑战present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to

根除(防止,消除)腐败 root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption

观测当今世界observe the present-day world

缓和紧张状况ease the tension

回顾奋斗历程review the course of struggle

加快改革步伐accelerate the speed of reform

加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public

opinion

坚持改革开放政策adhere to the reform and open policy

坚持统一，反对分裂，增长了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose

separation, increase understanding and iron out differences

减轻农民承担alleviate farmer’s burden

解放思想emancipate our minds

解决温饱问题solve the problem of food and clothing

解决新问题resolve new problems

进入世界先进行列edge into the advanced ranks in the world

进入新时期enter a new period

进行和谈hold peace talks

进行战略性调整make strategic readjustment

就…接受妥协accept a compromise on

开发西部remake the west

开始生效go into effect (enter into force)

开拓前进open up new ways forward

科教兴国rejuvenate our country through science and education

理顺关系rationalize the relationship