计算机java外文翻译外文文献英文文献

英文原文:

Title: Business Applications of Java. Author: Erbschloe, Michael, Business Applications of

Java -- Research Starters Business, 2008

DataBase: Research Starters - Business

Business Applications of Java

This article examines the growing use of Java technology in business applications. The

history of Java is briefly reviewed along with the impact of open standards on the growth of the

World Wide Web. Key components and concepts of the Java programming language are

explained including the Java Virtual Machine. Examples of how Java is being used by

e-commerce leaders is provided along with an explanation of how Java is used to develop data

warehousing, data mining, and industrial automation applications. The concept of metadata

modeling and the use of Extendable Markup Language (XML) are also explained.

Keywords Application Programming Interfaces (API's); Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB);

Extendable Markup Language (XML); HyperText Markup Language (HTML); HyperText

Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS); Java

Cryptography Architecture (JCA); Java Cryptography Extension (JCE); Java Programming

Language; Java Virtual Machine (JVM); Java2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE); Metadata

Business Information Systems > Business Applications of Java

Overview

Open standards have driven the e-business revolution. Networking protocol standards, such

as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), HyperText Transfer Protocol

(HTTP), and the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) Web standards have enabled universal

communication via the Internet and the World Wide Web. As e-business continues to develop,

various computing technologies help to drive its evolution.

The Java programming language and platform have emerged as major technologies for

performing e-business functions. Java programming standards have enabled portability of

applications and the reuse of application components across computing platforms. Sun

Microsystems' Java Community Process continues to be a strong base for the growth of the Java

infrastructure and language standards. This growth of open standards creates new opportunities

for designers and developers of applications and services (Smith, 2001).

Creation of Java Technology

Java technology was created as a computer programming tool in a small, secret effort called

"the Green Project" at Sun Microsystems in 1991. The Green Team, fully staffed at 13 people

and led by James Gosling, locked themselves away in an anonymous office on Sand Hill Road in

Menlo Park, cut off from all regular communications with Sun, and worked around the clock for

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18 months. Their initial conclusion was that at least one significant trend would be the

convergence of digitally controlled consumer devices and computers. A device-independent

programming language code-named "Oak" was the result.

To demonstrate how this new language could power the future of digital devices, the Green

Team developed an interactive, handheld home-entertainment device controller targeted at the

digital cable television industry. But the idea was too far ahead of its time, and the digital cable

television industry wasn't ready for the leap forward that Java technology offered them. As it

turns out, the Internet was ready for Java technology, and just in time for its initial public

introduction in 1995, the team was able to announce that the Netscape Navigator Internet

browser would incorporate Java technology ("Learn about Java," 2007).

Applications of Java

Java uses many familiar programming concepts and constructs and allows portability by

providing a common interface through an external Java Virtual Machine (JVM). A virtual

machine is a self-contained operating environment, created by a software layer that behaves as if

it were a separate computer. Benefits of creating virtual machines include better exploitation of

powerful computing resources and isolation of applications to prevent cross-corruption and

improve security (Matlis, 2006).

The JVM allows computing devices with limited processors or memory to handle more

advanced applications by calling up software instructions inside the JVM to perform most of the

work. This also reduces the size and complexity of Java applications because many of the core

functions and processing instructions were built into the JVM. As a result, software developers

no longer need to re-create the same application for every operating system. Java also provides

security by instructing the application to interact with the virtual machine, which served as a

barrier between applications and the core system, effectively protecting systems from malicious

code.

Among other things, Java is tailor-made for the growing Internet because it makes it easy to

develop new, dynamic applications that could make the most of the Internet's power and

capabilities. Java is now an open standard, meaning that no single entity controls its development

and the tools for writing programs in the language are available to everyone. The power of open

standards like Java is the ability to break down barriers and speed up progress.

Today, you can find Java technology in networks and devices that range from the Internet

and scientific supercomputers to laptops and cell phones, from Wall Street market simulators to

home game players and credit cards. There are over 3 million Java developers and now there are

several versions of the code. Most large corporations have in-house Java developers. In addition,

the majority of key software vendors use Java in their commercial applications (Lazaridis, 2003).

Applications

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Java on the World Wide Web

Java has found a place on some of the most popular websites in the world and the uses of

Java continues to grow. Java applications not only provide unique user interfaces, they also help

to power the backend of websites. Two e-commerce giants that everybody is probably familiar

with (eBay and Amazon) have been Java pioneers on the World Wide Web.

eBay

Founded in 1995, eBay enables e-commerce on a local, national and international basis with

an array of Web sites-including the eBay marketplaces, PayPal, Skype, and

-that bring together millions of buyers and sellers every day. You can find it on

eBay, even if you didn't know it existed. On a typical day, more than 100 million items are listed

on eBay in tens of thousands of categories. Recent listings have included a tunnel boring

machine from the Chunnel project, a cup of water that once belonged to Elvis, and the

Volkswagen that Pope Benedict XVI owned before he moved up to the Popemobile. More than

one hundred million items are available at any given time, from the massive to the miniature, the

magical to the mundane, on eBay; the world's largest online marketplace.

eBay uses Java almost everywhere. To address some security issues, eBay chose Sun

Microsystems' Java System Identity Manager as the platform for revamping its identity

management system. The task at hand was to provide identity management for more than 12,000

eBay employees and contractors.

Now more than a thousand eBay software developers work daily with Java applications.

Java's inherent portability allows eBay to move to new hardware to take advantage of new

technology, packaging, or pricing, without having to rewrite Java code ("eBay drives explosive

growth," 2007).

Amazon

(a large seller of books, CDs, and other products) has created a Web Service

application that enables users to browse their product catalog and place orders.

uses a Java application that searches the Amazon catalog for books whose subject matches a

user-selected topic. The application displays ten books that match the chosen topic, and shows

the author name, book title, list price, Amazon discount price, and the cover icon. The user may

optionally view one review per displayed title and make a buying decision (Stearns &

Garishakurthi, 2003).

Java in Data Warehousing & Mining

Although many companies currently benefit from data warehousing to support corporate

decision making, new business intelligence approaches continue to emerge that can be powered

by Java technology. Applications such as data warehousing, data mining, Enterprise Information

Portals (EIP's), and Knowledge Management Systems (which can all comprise a business

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intelligence application) are able to provide insight into customer retention, purchasing patterns,

and even future buying behavior.

These applications can not only tell what has happened but why and what may happen

given certain business conditions; allowing for "what if" scenarios to be explored. As a result of

this information growth, people at all levels inside the enterprise, as well as suppliers, customers,

and others in the value chain, are clamoring for subsets of the vast stores of information such as

billing, shipping, and inventory information, to help them make business decisions. While

collecting and storing vast amounts of data is one thing, utilizing and deploying that data

throughout the organization is another.

The technical challenges inherent in integrating disparate data formats, platforms, and

applications are significant. However, emerging standards such as the Application Programming

Interfaces (API's) that comprise the Java platform, as well as Extendable Markup Language

(XML) technologies can facilitate the interchange of data and the development of next

generation data warehousing and business intelligence applications. While Java technology has

been used extensively for client side access and to presentation layer challenges, it is rapidly

emerging as a significant tool for developing scaleable server side programs. The Java2 Platform,

Enterprise Edition (J2EE) provides the object, transaction, and security support for building such

systems.

Metadata Issues

One of the key issues that business intelligence developers must solve is that of

incompatible metadata formats. Metadata can be defined as information about data or simply

"data about data." In practice, metadata is what most tools, databases, applications, and other

information processes use to define, relate, and manipulate data objects within their own

environments. It defines the structure and meaning of data objects managed by an application so

that the application knows how to process requests or jobs involving those data objects.

Developers can use this schema to create views for users. Also, users can browse the schema to

better understand the structure and function of the database tables before launching a query.

To address the metadata issue, a group of companies (including Unisys, Oracle, IBM, SAS

Institute, Hyperion, Inline Software and Sun) have joined to develop the Java Metadata Interface

(JMI) API. The JMI API permits the access and manipulation of metadata in Java with standard

metadata services. JMI is based on the Meta Object Facility (MOF) specification from the Object

Management Group (OMG). The MOF provides a model and a set of interfaces for the creation,

storage, access, and interchange of metadata and metamodels (higher-level abstractions of

metadata). Metamodel and metadata interchange is done via XML and uses the XML Metadata

Interchange (XMI) specification, also from the OMG. JMI leverages Java technology to create an

end-to-end data warehousing and business intelligence solutions framework.

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Enterprise JavaBeans

A key tool provided by J2EE is Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), an architecture for the

development of component-based distributed business applications. Applications written using

the EJB architecture are scalable, transactional, secure, and multi-user aware. These applications

may be written once and then deployed on any server platform that supports J2EE. The EJB

architecture makes it easy for developers to write components, since they do not need to

understand or deal with complex, system-level details such as thread management, resource

pooling, and transaction and security management. This allows for role-based development

where component assemblers, platform providers and application assemblers can focus on their

area of responsibility further simplifying application development.

EJB's in the Travel Industry

A case study from the travel industry helps to illustrate how such applications could

function. A travel company amasses a great deal of information about its operations in various

applications distributed throughout multiple departments. Flight, hotel, and automobile

reservation information is located in a database being accessed by travel agents worldwide.

Another application contains information that must be updated with credit and billing history

from a financial services company. Data is periodically extracted from the travel reservation

system databases to spreadsheets for use in future sales and marketing analysis.

Utilizing J2EE, the company could consolidate application development within an EJB

container, which can run on a variety of hardware and software platforms allowing existing

databases and applications to coexist with newly developed ones. EJBs can be developed to

model various data sets important to the travel reservation business including information about

customer, hotel, car rental agency, and other attributes.

Data Storage & Access

Data stored in existing applications can be accessed with specialized connectors. Integration

and interoperability of these data sources is further enabled by the metadata repository that

contains metamodels of the data contained in the sources, which then can be accessed and

interchanged uniformly via the JMI API. These metamodels capture the essential structure and

semantics of business components, allowing them to be accessed and queried via the JMI API or

to be interchanged via XML. Through all of these processes, the J2EE infrastructure ensures the

security and integrity of the data through transaction management and propagation and the

underlying security architecture.

To consolidate historical information for analysis of sales and marketing trends, a data

warehouse is often the best solution. In this example, data can be extracted from the operational

systems with a variety of Extract, Transform and Load tools (ETL). The metamodels allow EJBs

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designed for filtering, transformation, and consolidation of data to operate uniformly on data

from diverse data sources as the bean is able to query the metamodel to identify and extract the

pertinent fields. Queries and reports can be run against the data warehouse that contains

information from numerous sources in a consistent, enterprise-wide fashion through the use of

the JMI API (Mosher & Oh, 2007).

Java in Industrial Settings

Many people know Java only as a tool on the World Wide Web that enables sites to perform

some of their fancier functions such as interactivity and animation. However, the actual uses for

Java are much more widespread. Since Java is an object-oriented language like C++, the time

needed for application development is minimal. Java also encourages good software engineering

practices with clear separation of interfaces and implementations as well as easy exception

handling.

In addition, Java's automatic memory management and lack of pointers remove some

leading causes of programming errors. Most importantly, application developers do not need to

create different versions of the software for different platforms. The advantages available

through Java have even found their way into hardware. The emerging new Java devices are

streamlined systems that exploit network servers for much of their processing power, storage,

content, and administration.

Benefits of Java

The benefits of Java translate across many industries, and some are specific to the control

and automation environment. For example, many plant-floor applications use relatively simple

equipment; upgrading to PCs would be expensive and undesirable. Java's ability to run on any

platform enables the organization to make use of the existing equipment while enhancing the

application.

Integration

With few exceptions, applications running on the factory floor were never intended to

exchange information with systems in the executive office, but managers have recently

discovered the need for that type of information. Before Java, that often meant bringing together

data from systems written on different platforms in different languages at different times.

Integration was usually done on a piecemeal basis, resulting in a system that, once it worked,

was unique to the two applications it was tying together. Additional integration required

developing a brand new system from scratch, raising the cost of integration.

Java makes system integration relatively easy. Foxboro Controls Inc., for example, used

Java to make its dynamic-performance-monitor software package Internet-ready. This software

provides senior executives with strategic information about a plant's operation. The dynamic

performance monitor takes data from instruments throughout the plant and performs various

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mathematical and statistical calculations on them, resulting in information (usually financial) that

a manager can more readily absorb and use.

Scalability

Another benefit of Java in the industrial environment is its scalability. In a plant, embedded

applications such as automated data collection and machine diagnostics provide critical data

regarding production-line readiness or operation efficiency. These data form a critical ingredient

for applications that examine the health of a production line or run. Users of these devices can

take advantage of the benefits of Java without changing or upgrading hardware. For example,

operations and maintenance personnel could carry a handheld, wireless, embedded-Java device

anywhere in the plant to monitor production status or problems.

Even when internal compatibility is not an issue, companies often face difficulties when

suppliers with whom they share information have incompatible systems. This becomes more of a

problem as supply-chain management takes on a more critical role which requires manufacturers

to interact more with offshore suppliers and clients. The greatest efficiency comes when all

systems can communicate with each other and share information seamlessly. Since Java is so

ubiquitous, it often solves these problems (Paula, 1997).

Dynamic Web Page Development

Java has been used by both large and small organizations for a wide variety of applications

beyond consumer oriented websites. Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory of the U.S. Department

of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, has developed a unique Java application.

The lab was tasked with developing an enterprise-wide inventory tracking and equipment

maintenance system that provides dynamic Web pages. The developers selected Java Studio

Enterprise 7 for the project because of its Application Framework technology and Web Graphical

User Interface (GUI) components, which allow the system to be indexed by an expandable

catalog. The flexibility, scalability, and portability of Java helped to reduce development time

and costs (Garcia, 2004)

Issue

Java Security for E-Business Applications

To support the expansion of their computing boundaries, businesses have deployed Web

application servers (WAS). A WAS differs from a traditional Web server because it provides a

more flexible foundation for dynamic transactions and objects, partly through the exploitation of

Java technology. Traditional Web servers remain constrained to servicing standard HTTP

requests, returning the contents of static HTML pages and images or the output from executed

Common Gateway Interface (CGI ) scripts.

An administrator can configure a WAS with policies based on security specifications for

Java servlets and manage authentication and authorization with Java Authentication and

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Authorization Service (JAAS) modules. An authentication and authorization service can be

written in Java code or interface to an existing authentication or authorization infrastructure. For

a cryptography-based security infrastructure, the security server may exploit the Java

Cryptography Architecture (JCA) and Java Cryptography Extension (JCE). To present the user

with a usable interaction with the WAS environment, the Web server can readily employ a form

of "single sign-on" to avoid redundant authentication requests. A single sign-on preserves user

authentication across multiple HTTP requests so that the user is not prompted many times for

authentication data (i.e., user ID and password).

Based on the security policies, JAAS can be employed to handle the authentication process

with the identity of the Java client. After successful authentication, the WAS security

collaborator consults with the security server. The WAS environment authentication

requirements can be fairly complex. In a given deployment environment, all applications or

solutions may not originate from the same vendor. In addition, these applications may be running

on different operating systems. Although Java is often the language of choice for portability

between platforms, it needs to marry its security features with those of the containing

environment.

Authentication & Authorization

Authentication and authorization are key elements in any secure information handling

system. Since the inception of Java technology, much of the authentication and authorization

issues have been with respect to downloadable code running in Web browsers. In many ways,

this had been the correct set of issues to address, since the client's system needs to be protected

from mobile code obtained from arbitrary sites on the Internet. As Java technology moved from a

client-centric Web technology to a server-side scripting and integration technology, it required

additional authentication and authorization technologies.

The kind of proof required for authentication may depend on the security requirements of a

particular computing resource or specific enterprise security policies. To provide such flexibility,

the JAAS authentication framework is based on the concept of configurable authenticators. This

architecture allows system administrators to configure, or plug in, the appropriate authenticators

to meet the security requirements of the deployed application. The JAAS architecture also allows

applications to remain independent from underlying authentication mechanisms. So, as new

authenticators become available or as current authentication services are updated, system

administrators can easily replace authenticators without having to modify or recompile existing

applications.

At the end of a successful authentication, a request is associated with a user in the WAS user

registry. After a successful authentication, the WAS consults security policies to determine if the

user has the required permissions to complete the requested action on the servlet. This policy can

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be enforced using the WAS configuration (declarative security) or by the servlet itself

(programmatic security), or a combination of both.

The WAS environment pulls together many different technologies to service the enterprise.

Because of the heterogeneous nature of the client and server entities, Java technology is a good

choice for both administrators and developers. However, to service the diverse security needs of

these entities and their tasks, many Java security technologies must be used, not only at a

primary level between client and server entities, but also at a secondary level, from served

objects. By using a synergistic mix of the various Java security technologies, administrators and

developers can make not only their Web application servers secure, but their WAS environments

secure as well (Koved, 2001).

Conclusion

Open standards have driven the e-business revolution. As e-business continues to develop,

various computing technologies help to drive its evolution. The Java programming language and

platform have emerged as major technologies for performing e-business functions. Java

programming standards have enabled portability of applications and the reuse of application

components. Java uses many familiar concepts and constructs and allows portability by

providing a common interface through an external Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Today, you can

find Java technology in networks and devices that range from the Internet and scientific

supercomputers to laptops and cell phones, from Wall Street market simulators to home game

players and credit cards.

Java has found a place on some of the most popular websites in the world. Java applications

not only provide unique user interfaces, they also help to power the backend of websites. While

Java technology has been used extensively for client side access and in the presentation layer, it

is also emerging as a significant tool for developing scaleable server side programs.

Since Java is an object-oriented language like C++, the time needed for application

development is minimal. Java also encourages good software engineering practices with clear

separation of interfaces and implementations as well as easy exception handling. Java's

automatic memory management and lack of pointers remove some leading causes of

programming errors. The advantages available through Java have also found their way into

hardware. The emerging new Java devices are streamlined systems that exploit network servers

for much of their processing power, storage, content, and administration.

9

中文翻译:

标题：Java的商业应用。作者： Erbschloe，迈克尔，业务应用软件的发业务，2008年数据库：研究首发-商务Java的业务应用本文探讨越来越多地使用Java技术在商业应用软件。历史的简要回顾Java是一起影Java(XML)Java的开响开放标准上的增长，万维网。关键组成部分和概念的Java编程语言的解释，包括Java-研究首虚拟机。举例说明如何爪哇正在利用电子商务提供的领导人一起解释如何使用是还解释。发数据仓库，数据挖掘，和工业自动化应用。元数据的概念模型和使用可扩展标记语言关键词应用编程接口(API)的;企业JavaBeans(EJB组件);可扩展标记语言(XML) ;超文本标记语言(HTML );超文本传输协议(HTTP); Java认证和授权服务(JAAS的); Java平台企业版(J2EE )。商业资讯系统“业务应用程序的Java”/Internet协议(TCP 开放标准推动了电子商务革命。网络协议标准，如传输控制协议加密体系结构(JCA的); Java加密扩展(JCE的); Java编程语言， Java虚拟机(JVM); Java2/IP)，超文本传输协议(HTTP)和超文本标记语言(HTML)的Web标准，使普遍的通信通过因特网和万维网。随着电子商务的不断发展，各种电脑技术帮助，以推动其发展。Java编程语言和平台，已成为主要的技术表演的电子商务功能。使便携性的应用和再利用的应用组件的计算平台。然是一个强有力的基础，经济增长的建立Java技术Java技术是作为一种计算机编程工具中的一个小秘密努力，所谓的“绿色工程”在Sun Microsystems于1991年。绿色小组，配齐了人员离开办公室的一名匿名沙山道在门洛帕克，切断所有与设备独立的编程语言的代号为“橡树”的结果。为了证明这种新的语言能电力未来的数位装置，绿色团队开发一个互动，手持家庭娱乐设备控制器针对数字有线电视行业。但是，当时的想法是过于超前，时间和数字有线电视行业还没有准备好为飞跃的Java技术提供给他们。事实证明，互联网已经做好准备，1995年，该小组能够宣布，对Netscape Navigator互Java技术，并适时的首次公开介绍Java的应用Java的使用许多熟悉的编程概念和结构，使便携性提供了一个共同的接口通过外部10

Java编程的标准，Sun Microsystems的Java社区进程仍Java基础设施和语言标准。这一增长的开放标准创(史密斯，2001年)。造了新的机会的设计和开发的应用程序和服务13人，由詹姆斯戈斯林，锁定自己Sun定期通报，并全天候为18个月。他们最初的结论是，至少有一个显着的趋势是一致的数字控制消费电子设备和计算机。联网浏览器将包括Java技术(“了解Java” 2007)。

Java虚拟机(JVM)。虚拟机是一个自成一体的经营环境，所造成的软件层的行为，就好像它是一个单独的计算机。好处创造虚拟机包括更好地利用强大的计算资源和隔离的应用程序，以防止交叉腐败和提高安全性(Matlis，2006年)。Java应用程序，因为许多核心作为应用程序之间将JVM允许计算设备有限处理器或记忆体来处理更高级的应用程序通过调用软件指示内的JVM执行的大部分工作。这也减少了规模和复杂性的职能和处理指示，内置的虚拟机。其结果是，软件开发人员不再需要在每个操作系统上重新建立相同的应用程序。Java也提供了安全的指示互动应用的虚拟机，的障碍和核心制度，有效地保护系统不受恶意代码的影响。除其他外，Java是专门为日益增长的互联网，因为它更容易开发新的，动态的应用，可以充分发挥大多数互联网的力量和能力。源代码的壁垒，加快了发展进度。今天，你在网络和设备中可以找到Java技术的应用，从互联网和科学超级计算机到有超过300万JavaJava开发。此外，大多数笔记本电脑和手机以及来自华尔街的市场模拟器首页游戏卡和信用卡。开发者，现在有多个版本的代码。多数大型企业都在内部进行的主要软件供应商使用应用JAVA的万维网Java的一个地方发现的一些最流行的网站在世界上和使用Java的继续增长。Java应用程序不仅提供了独特的用户界面，它们还有助于功率后端的网站。两个电子商务巨头，每个人都可能是熟悉（eBay和亚马逊）的Java先锋已经在万维网上。易趣成立于1995年，易趣使电子商务在地方，国家和国际的基础上提供了一系列的网站，包括eBay的市场。贝宝，Skype公司和 ，这使得它每天有数以百万计的买家和卖家。你可以找到它在eBay上，即使你不知道它的存在。甚至有时候一天当中，超过100万件在eBay上列出了数以万计的类别的物品。最近的物品还包括隧道掘进机从Chunnel项目，一杯水，一旦属于猫王和大众的教宗本笃十六世之前，他拥有上升的Popemobile 。有一百多万件，可在任何特定时间，从大量的缩影，神奇的世俗，在易趣上;世界上最大的在线市场。易趣使用Java几乎无处不在。为了解决一些安全问题，易趣选择了Sun Microsystems的Java系统身份管理为平台，改进其身份管理系统。手头的任务是提供身份管理为超过12000名员工和承包商易趣。现在拥有了一千多易趣软件开发商与日常工作的趣硬盘爆炸性增长”，2007年)。亚马逊11

Java现在是一个开放的标准，也就是说，没有人人都可获得。Java能够打破开放一个单一的实体控制其发展的工具和编写程序的语言，Java的商业应用（拉扎里迪斯，2003年）。Java应用程序。 Java的固有的便携Java代码(“易性使得易趣转移到新的硬件以利用新技术包装，或更改价格，而不必重写

(大卖家的书籍，CD和其他产品)创建了一个Web服务应用程序，使用户可以浏览他们的产品目录和订货。 使用Java应用程序，搜索亚马逊图书目录主题匹配的用户选择的主题。显示10中的应用相匹配的图书选择的主题，显示了作者姓名、，2003年）。书名、定价、亚马逊的折扣价格以及覆盖图标。用户可以选择性地查看每一个审查显示标题，并作出购买决策（仕坦＆ GarishakurthiJava在数据仓库与挖掘虽然许多公司目前受益于数据仓库，以支持企业决策，新的商务智能的方法不断涌现，可以采用Java技术。应用如数据仓库，数据挖掘，企业信息门户统(可以包括所有的商业智能应用软件来的购买行为。这些应用不仅可以知道发生了什么事情，并且还能知道为什么和为怎么可能会发生某些业务提供条件，允许的“ what if ”的情况加以探讨。由于这种信息的增长，在各级人民内部的企业，以及供应商，客户和其他价值链中，非常渴望知道广大商店的信息，如结算，运输，库存信息，以帮助他们作出商业决策。虽然收集和储存大量的数据是一回事，利用和部署，数据在整个组织是另一回事。该技术所固有的挑战整合不同的数据格式，平台和应用程序是重大的。然而，新兴的标准，如应用编程接口(API)的说，包括Java平台，以及可扩展标记语言(XML)技术，可以便利交换数据和发展下一代数据仓库和商业智能应用。虽然Java技术已被广泛用于客户端访问，但是它正在迅速成为挑战表示层的一个重要工具以及发展中国家可伸缩的服务器端程序。在Java2平台企业版(J2EE)中提供了对象、交易和安全支持建立这种系统。元数据问题这里的关键问题之一是商业智能开发必须解决的是不相容的数据格式。元数据可以被界定为信息数据或简单的“关于数据的数据”。在实践中，元数据是大多数工具、数据库、应用程序和其他信息处理使用的定义，在他们自己的环境中涉及和操纵数据对象。它定义结构和管理数据对象的申请，以便知道如何达到应用程序要求或处理这些数据对象。开发者可以使用这个架构，为用户提供意见。另外，用户可以浏览架构，以更好地理解结构和功能的数据库表查询。为了解决元数据问题，一批公司(包括Unisys公司、Oracle、IBM、研究所的SAS、海波龙、内置软件和Sun)也加入到开发的Java元数据接口的API 。在杰米的API中提供了允许访问和操纵数据的Java标准的元数据服务。杰米是基于元对象设施规范的对象管理XML和使用XML元数据交换组(03)。财政部提供了一个模式和一套界面的创建、存储、访问和交换数据和metamodels(更高一级的抽象元)。元模型和元数据交换是通过企业JavaBeans

一个重要工具所提供的J2EE的企业级JavaBeans(EJB组件)，建筑的发展基于构件的分布式企业应用。编写的应用程序使用的EJB架构的可扩展性、事务性、安全和多用户的12

(入口的)和知识管理系)能够提供深入了解客户的保留，购买模式，甚至未(XMI信息)规范。杰米利用Java技术建立一个端到端的数据仓库和商业智能解决方案框架。

了解。这些应用程序可能会写入一次，然后部署在任何服务器平台，以支持J2EE中该EJB的架构让开发人员撰写的组成部分，因为他们不需要理解或处理复杂的、系统级的细节，例如线程管理，资源汇集，交易和安全管理。这就使基于角色的发展，而部分组装，平台供应商和应用装配就可以专注于他们的责任地区进一步简化应用开发。EJB组件的旅行业为例旅游业有助于说明这种应用可以功能。旅行公司amasses了大量的信息，其业务在各种应用中分布在多个部门。航班，酒店，汽车保留信息位于一个数据库，正在访问的旅行社全世界。另一个应用程序包含的信息必须更新信贷和结算的历史从一个金融服务公司。数据定期提取的旅行预订系统数据库，电子表格，用于未来的销售和市场分析。利用J2EE平台，该公司可以巩固应用开发EJB容器内，它可以运行在各种硬件和软EJBs可以制定不同的数据集模型重要件平台，允许现有的数据库和应用共存与新开发的。数据存储与访问数据存储在现有的应用程序可以利用专门的连接器。集成和互操作性，这些数据来源是进一步启用的元数据储存库，其中包含取互换一致通过杰米的能够获得和查询通过杰米metamodels的中包含的数据源，然后就可以获API。这些metamodels捕获的基本结构和语义的业务组件，使他们API或进行互换通过XML。通过所有这些进程，确保在J2EE基础的旅行预订业务，包括客户信息、酒店、汽车租赁机构以及其他属性。设施的安全和完整的数据通过交易管理和繁殖和基本安全结构。为了巩固历史资料分析的销售和市场营销的趋势，数据仓库往往是最好的解决办法。在这个例子中，数据可以被提取的业务系统与不同的抽取，转换和加载工具(ETL)。允许EJBs的metamodels设计的过滤，转化和巩固统一的数据操作的数据来自不同数据源的豆可以查询元模型，以确定和提取的有关领域。查询和报告都可以执行对数据仓库，其中包含许多来源的资料以一致的，企业级的方式通过使用杰米的Java在工业环境许多人都知道Java的不仅是一种工具，在万维网上，使网站以执行一些复杂的功能，如互动性和动画。然而，实际使用的Java更普遍。由于Java是一种面向对象的语言如+ ，所需要的时间是最少的应用开发。和实现以及容易例外处理。此外，Java的自动内存管理和缺乏指针删除一些重要原因编程错误。最重要的是，应用软件开发商不需要创建不同版本的软件，不同的平台。其优点可通过现自己的方式进入硬件。正在出现的新的分处理能力，存储，内容和管理。Java的优点带来的好处的Java应用在许多行业，有些是具体的控制和自动化环境。例如，许多植物层应用程序使用相对简单的设备;升级到个人电脑将是昂贵的，不可取的。 Java的能力运行在任何平台使本组织能够利用现有的设备，同时增强了应用程序的扩展性。13

API。C +

Java也鼓励良好的软件工程的做法，明确的接口Java的人甚至发Java设备的精简系统，利用网络服务器的大部

一体化除了少数例外，适用于工厂车间从未打算交流信息系统在执行办公室，但管理人员最近发现，需要这种类型的信息。在爪哇岛，这往往意味着汇集数据系统写在不同的平台上以不同的语言，在不同的时间。整合通常是做零碎的基础，导致系统，一旦它的工作，是独一无二的两项应用是搭在一起。额外的一体化需要开发一个全新的制度从无到有，提高成本效益的整合。Java使系统集成相对容易。福克斯波罗公司的控制。例如，使用的监测数据，文书考虑整个工厂，并执行各种数学和统计计算上，导致信息一个经理可以更容易吸收和利用。可扩展性另一个好处Java在工业环境是它的可扩展性。在一家工厂，嵌入式应用，如自动数据采集和机器的诊断提供重要的数据生产线准备或运行效率。这些数据形式的重要组成部分的应用，检查其健康状况的一条生产线或运行。这些设备的用户可以利用式Java的设备中的任何地方工厂的生产状况进行监测或问题。即使内部兼容性不是一个问题，企业往往面临困难时，供应商与他们共享信息的互不兼容的系统。这已成为更多的问题，因为供应链管理需要一个更加重要的作用，要求制造商更多的互动与海外供应商和客户。最大的效率来当所有的系统可以相互沟通和共享信息的无缝。由于Java是如此普遍，但往往解决了这些问题。动态网页开发Java的已被使用的大国和小组织的多种应用超出消费者导向的网站。桑迪亚，一个multiprogram实验室为美国能源部国家核安全管理局，形成了独特的发商选定的Sun Microsystems公司的项目，因为它的技术和应用框架的于减少开发时间和成本(加西亚，2004年)

问题Java安全性的电子商务应用支持扩大其计算的界限，企业已经部署了传统的Web服务器仍然限制服务标准的Web应用服务器(状态)。它是不同于传统的Java技术。HTML网页和图片Web服务器，因为它提供了更灵活的动态交易的基础和对象，部分是通过利用HTTP请求，返回的内容，静态的Java Servlets的输出或执行通用网关接口(CGI)脚本。管理员可以配置是与安全政策的基础上规范的和管理认证和授权的Java编写的代码或界Java认证和授权服务(JAAS)模块。一个身份验证和授权服务可以用Java应用程序。该Web图形用户界Java有助实验室的任务是制定一个企业范围的库存跟踪和设备维护的系统，能够提供动态网页。开面(GUI)组件，使该系统的索引可扩展目录。的灵活性，可扩展性和可移植性的Java的好处不改变或升级硬件。举例来说，操作和维修人员可以携带一个手持设备、无线通讯、嵌入Java使其动态性(通常是财务)，能监测软件包互联网就绪。该软件提供高级管理人员的战略信息，工厂的运作。动态性能面到现有的身份验证或授权的基础设施。一个加密的安全基础设施，安全的服务器可能利14

用Java加密体系结构(JCA)和Java加密扩展(JCE)提出一个可用的用户互动环境，网络服务器可随时使用的一种形式“单一登录”,以避免多余的身份验证请求。单次登录的用户(即用户ID和密码)。经过成功的验身份验证保存多个HTTP请求，使用户不提示多次验证数据基于安全政策， JAAS的Java客户端可以用来处理与验证程序的身份。证，它是安全的合作者协商的安全服务器。环境认证的要求可以相当复杂。部署在一个特定的环境，所有的应用程序或解决方案可能不来自同一个供应商。此外，这些应用程序可能运行在不同的操作系统。Java的语言平台之间的可移植性往往是我们经常我选择的，它需要强大的安全功能与那些特有的环境。认证与授权身份验证和授权的关键要素在任何安全的信息处理系统。成立以来，部分的认证和授权问题已经对下载的代码运行在 Java技术，大Web浏览器。从许多方面来说，这已得到但了正确的问题来处理，因为客户端的系统需要得到保护，免受移动代码从任意网站在互联网上。作为Java技术从一个客户端为中心的网络技术，服务器端脚本和集成技术，它需要更多的验证和授权技术。什么样的证据所需的身份验证可能取决于安全要求，特别是计算资源或特定企业的安全政策。提供这种灵活性， JAAS的认证框架概念的基础上配置的认证。这个架构允许系统管理员配置，或插入，适当的认证，以满足安全要求的部署应用。在JAAS的架构还允许应用程序将保持独立于底层的验证机制。所以，作为新的认证或提供认证服务作为当前的更新，系统管理员可以轻松取代认证而无需修改或重新编译现有的应用程序。在结束一个成功的认证，要求与用户在原价的用户注册表。在成功的身份验证，是安全政策磋商，以确定用户所必需的权限，以完成所要求的行动的使用原价配置(说明性安全)或servletservlet 。此策略可强迫的本身(方案安全)，或两者兼而有之。拉的是环境连同许多不同的技术服务的企业。由于性质各异的客户端和服务器实体，对管理员和开发者而言，Java技术是一个很好的选择。然而，考虑到服务的不同安全需求，这些实体和它们的任务，许多Java的安全技术必须使用，不仅是在初级客户端和服务器Java安全性的技术，管Web应用服务器安全，但他们是环境安全。之间的实体，而且在第二个层面服务对象。利用协同组合的各种理人员和开发人员不仅可以使他们的结论开放标准推动了电子商务革命。随着电子商务的不断发展，各种电脑技术帮助，以推动其发展。Java编程语言和平台，已成为主要的技术用以实现电子商务功能。的标准，提供了便携性的应用和再利用的应用组件。Java编程 Java使用许多熟悉的概念和结构，通过外部Java虚拟机(JVM)使便携性提供了一个共同的接口。今天，你可以在网络和设备、从互联网和科学超级计算机到笔记本电脑和手机、来自华尔街的市场模拟器首页游戏卡和信用卡中找到Java技术。Java成为了最受网站开发者欢迎的工具之一。界面，它们还有助于功率后端的网站。 Java应用程序不仅提供了独特的用户Java技术已被广泛用于客户端访问和在表现层，对15

发展中国家可伸缩的服务器端程序，它也正在成为重要的工具，由于Java是一种面向对象的语言如也鼓励良好的软件工程的做法，明确的接口和实现以及容易处理。理和缺乏指针删除一些重要编程错误。正在出现的新的服务器的大部分处理能力进行存储内容和管理。。 Java Java应用自动内存管C + + ，所需要的时间是最少的应用开发。Java设备的精简系统，利用网络16