专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-9词汇及课后答案

Unit Nine

Parenting

Word Bank

(academy->Police Academy) academic: adj. of a school, especially of higher

learning; of scholarly (scholarship奖学金，助学金) performance学校的，学院的，学术的

affirm: v. to assert; confirm断言，证实，承认

(aggress->aggressor =invader) aggression (aggressive): n. the act of initiating

(hostile->) hostilities or invasion侵犯，侵略，挑衅

(anthropology->) anthropologist: n. the scholar who studies the origin, the

behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of human beings人类学家

complement: v. to make sth. Complete补充，补足

complementary: adj. completing; supplying mutual needs补充的，补足的

consequence: n. effect; the result to its cause结果，因果关系的

deprive (sb. of sth.): v. to take sth. away from拿走，抢夺

directive: adj. straightforward; serving to direct (->director导演)直接的，指导的

(obey->obedient->obedience<->disobey->disobedient) disobedience: n. refusal or

failure to obey不服从，不顺从，违抗

distinct: different; clear不同的，明显的

(diverse->) diversity: n. (vary->) variety or multiformity 变化，多样性

enforce(->reinforce): to compel obedience to强制服从或遵守

(exploit->) exploitation: n. the act of employing to the greatest possible advantage开发，开采，剥削

(expose to->) exposure: n. the act of exposing; influence暴露， 受影响

facilitate (=help->facility设备设施): v. to make easy or easier使容易，使便利

groom: v. to care for the appearance of; to make neat （tidy）and trim(vt./adj.)使整洁，打扮

hygiene: n. (=sanity) the promotion and preservation of health 卫生

interaction: n. the act or process of interacting相互作用

(intimate->) intimacy: n. the condition of being close in relation亲密

(muscle肌肉->masculine男性的->) masculinity: n. the quality and characteristic

of a male男子气，阳刚气

modify: v. to change; to alter变更， 修改

monster: n. an imaginary or legendary creature怪物

nurture: v. to nourish, to feed; to educate, to train给…营养，喂养，培养

(object->objective<->subjective) objectivity: n. the state of being objective 客观，客观性

(orient东方的) oriented: adj. directed导向性的

predatory: adj. living by preying on other organisms掠夺的，肉食的

(relate A to B->relation->) relational: adj. of kinship亲属关系的

roughhouse: v. to engage in rowdy behavior or play打闹，殴斗

sheer: adj. complete; absolute; pure 绝对的，完全的，纯粹的

1

sternly: adv. harshly; severely严厉地，严格地

(sym-=same; pathy=feeling) sympathy (sympathize with sb.): n. sharing the

feelings of another同情，同情心

tickle: v. to touch (the body) lightly so as to cause laughter (笑声) or twitching

movements; to tease or excite pleasurably使觉得痒，逗乐

(timid=shy->) timidity (timidate=frighten): n. lack of confidence; fear 胆怯，羞怯

verbally: adv. orally; literally口头上地，言辞地

wrestle: v. to contend by grappling and, attempting to throw摔跤

Phrases and Expressions

cope with: =deal with; to handle处理；应对

due to: owing to由于

have access (通道) to: to have the right to approach, or to make use of接近权；享用权

in terms (术语, 学期) of: in relation to; with reference to根据；按照；就……而言

settle (->settlement) down: to begin living a stable and orderly life; to become less

nervous or restless安顿下来；平静

Reading Comprehension

I. Choose the best for each of the following.

1. How can fathers and mothers provide good things to children that same-sex

caregivers cannot? ( D )

A. By being adults in their children's lives.

B. By depriving of the benefits found in mothers and fathers

C. By differing parenting styles among people.

D. By cooperating and complementing between mothers and fathers.

2. According to Eleanor Maccoby, ___A__.

A. fathers and mothers teach children differently in dealing with life

B. fathers will not provide warm, nurturing care for an infant

C. mothers teach children the difference between men and women

D. fathers have a distinct style of communication and interaction with children

3. Children who roughhouse with their fathers ( A )

A. learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable

B. learn self-control

C. are more physical and action oriented

D. need mom's softness

4. Which of the following can be categorized as "push limits"? ( D )

A. Expanding experiences and confidence.

2

B. Yelling "slow down, not so high, not so hard".

C. Causing disagreement between mom and dad.

D. Encouraging kids to climb higher, to ride faster.

5. Girls with involved "married fathers" ( A )

A. are more likely to have healthier relationships with males

B. build emotional security, and safety from other men and women

C. learn what masculinity is

D. cope with life differently

II. Complete the following (sum up求和-> summarize总结, 归纳) summary (小结)

of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been

given to you.

Children (1) benefit from a mother and father's differing (2) parenting styles.

Mothers and fathers bring to their children (3) different values. They are different in

their parenting styles, in the way they (4) play with children, and in their (5)

communication with children. Fathers (6) provide a look at the world of men; mothers,

the world of women. And by (7) cooperating together and complementing each other in

their differences they provide good things that same-sex caregivers cannot. Children

who have daily (8) access to the different and complementary ways of mothers and

fathers will have (9) confidence, independence, and security. They are more likely to

have a (10) healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood.

Vocabulary

I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.

1. She was ___A__ a normal childhood by the war.

A. deprived of B. taken away C. given up D. got out

2. Roses in a silver bowl ___B__ the handsome (beautiful) cherry table.

A. comparison B. complement

C. competition D. compensation

3. Charles Darwin saw in the ___C__ of species (物种) the principles of (evolve->)

evolution that operated to generate (=produce) the species: variation, competition and

selection.

A. (divide->) division

B. (diverse->) diversion

C. diversity

D. (vary->) variation

4. We (meet->) met on two __B___ occasions. One was an academic conference;

the other a party.

A. clear B. distinct (different)

3

C. likely(possible) D. notable (obvious)

5. The Internet, which covers the whole world, is increasing the __A___ of the

people on the planet.

A. interaction B. contract

C. interplay D. interchange

6. Most vegetables we buy in winter are __C___ in the greenhouse.

A. natured (born to be)

B. cultivated (->culture文化)

C. nurtured (养育)

D. nourished (提供营养)

7. The students protested in front of American consulate (领事馆). They had no

motives (动机) but those of ___B__ patriotism (爱国主义).

A. absolute(绝对的)

B. sheer (only纯粹的)

C. pure

D. complete

8. The children ___A__ while (they are) building forts (要塞) with toy bricks (砖).

A. roughhouse (fight)

B. handle

C. (pretense->)pretend

D. behave

9. The building is __D___ south and north.

A. allocated (assign分配)

B. guided (导游)

C. operated (操纵)

D. oriented (取…坐向)

10. His (fail->) failure in business is largely due to __A__.

A. timidity(胆怯)

B. quality(质量)

C. characteristics(特性特征)

D. behavior (行为)

II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where

necessary.

settle down facilitate

modify subtle

consequence verbally sympathy cope with

academic instinct

have/has access to sternly

aggression systematically

nurture

4

1. Chinese national troops are on the alert against any possible aggression.

2. This government has systematically taken actions to renew its economy.

3. Most people have sympathy for the old lady for her (lose->lost->lost->) loss of

the only son in the accident

4. He is a (journal=magazine->) journalist (新闻工作者->journalism新闻学)

whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind (heart) and

a demanding ethical (moral) sensibility (responsibility).

5. I was (amuse逗人乐->) amazed (surprised) at her ability to cope with the

difficult situation.

6. He is one of the few scientists in this military base who have access to the

restricted area.

7. By the age of two most children have begun to communicate verbally (=orally).

8. Modern devices such as micro-wave oven facilitate domestic work, and free (vt.

set sb. free) people to have more (entertain->) entertainments (娱乐).

9. This university is composed of five academic schools (department系).

10. The industrial revolution modified (alter<->) the whole structure of

English-speaking society.

Translation

Put the following paragraph into English.

在只有母亲或只有父亲的家庭里长大的孩子将会极大地缺乏自信、独立及安全感。这羊的孩子极易出现性别识别错误、性虐待，女孩还易受到其他男人的性侵犯。他们长大成人后，很难对男人或女人有健康认识和尊重。

参考译文:

Children growing up in mother-only or father-only homes will suffer deeply in

terms of lack of confidence, independence, and security. Such boys and girls will be at

greater risk for gender confusion, abuse and exploitation from other men. They are less

likely to have a healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood.

Exercise

Fill in the gaps in the following sentences by using appropriate relative pronouns

or adverbs.

1. The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred

(moved) to another plane.

2. The language through which this opposition (反对党) gained strength and

organization was the key one of freedom and unity, not of oppression.

3. This fighter who loses his cool the first time he is hit will end up flat on his back

on the canvas.

4. Science fiction emerges (appears) in this time when these two opposing groups

have met and exchanged ideas.

5

5. The reason why they now charge more is that prices have kept rising.

6. Conservation is the very value that needs to be added to the old values.

7. We must know such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements.

8. The researcher encourages us to reach a state where work is an extension of what

we naturally want to do.

9. There are very few but (except) admire his talents.

10. The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.

Exercise

Turn the following sentences into Chinese.

1. Everyone acknowledges that Newton was a great man; yet few have more than

the vaguest acquaintance with his living personality.

2. We don't deny that we lag far behind other advanced countries in science.

3. Not infrequently the primary meaning of a word dies away and the derivative

meaning

remains.

4. Deprived as he was of the fluency of speech, we did not feel his kindness less.

5. They desire nothing but to enjoy the present moment.

参考译文：

1. 大家承认牛顿是一位伟大的人物，但是很多人对他生前的为人只有一个大概的了解。

2. 我们并不否认我们在科学方面远远落后于其他先进国家。

3. 常常一个词的基本意义消失了，而其它派生意义仍保留。

4. 他虽然丧失了流利说话的能力，我们仍然感受到了他的亲切。

5. 他们只希望今朝有酒今朝醉。

Bonus

Below are some expressions about agriculture.

mechanized farming机械化耕作

ranch大农场，牧场

animal husbandry畜牧业

horticulture园艺

fruit growing果树栽培

organic fertilizer有机肥料

compound fertilizer复合肥料

cross-breeding杂交育种

agricultural tractor农用拖拉机

pest control害虫防治

6