新概念英语二册超详讲义笔记Lesson75SOS呼救信号

Lesson 75 SOS

呼救信号

【New words and expressions】（6）

thick

signal

stamp

adj. 厚的

n. 信号

v. 跺，踩

helicopter n. 直升飞机

scene

survivor

★thick

n. 现场

n. 幸存者

adj. 厚的

（1）厚的（反义词thin 薄的）

eg. This board is the thickest of all. 这块木板是最厚的。

a thick book 一本厚书

thick walls 厚墙壁

ice ten centimeters thick 10cm厚的冰

（2）粗的，粗大的（反义词thin 纤细的）

eg. a thick line 粗线

thick fingers 粗大的手指

（3）(液体，气体)浓的，浓厚的（反义词thin）

eg. This source is too thick. 这调味汁太浓了。

thick soup 浓汤

a thick fog 浓雾，大雾

（4）（树林，树叶，毛发等）密的，浓密的（反义词 thin）

eg. a thick forest 茂密的森林

thick hair 浓密的头发

 thicken v. 使…变厚(粗，浓)

thickness n. 厚度

thickheaded adj. 笨头笨脑的，傻里傻气的

★signal n. 信号

（1）n. 信号，暗号

eg. a distress signal 遇难信号

a danger signal 危险信号

（2）n. 信号器，交通信号

eg. The traffic signal wasn’t working. 交通信号失灵了。

（3）v. 发信号，以信号通知

eg. signal + n.

How can we signal that rowboat? 我们怎么发信号通知划船呢？

signal orders 以信号下达命令

signal a message 用信号发送消息

signal to + sb. + to do sth. 向…发信号示意要做…

signal to + sb. + that 向…发信号称…

He signaled to the band to start playing.

他向乐队作出手势开始演奏。

She signaled to the other girls that everything was all right.

她向其他女孩发信号说一切正常。

★stamp v. 跺，踩

(1) v. 跺（脚，地板等），跺脚

eg. He stamped his feet in anger. 他气得直跺脚。

= He stamped his feet with anger.

He stamped about the room impatiently.

他很不耐烦，在房间里踱着足来回走动。

He stamped upstairs.

她踏着重重的步子走上楼梯。

（2）v. 用力踩住，踩坏

eg. Don’t stamp on insects. 不要踩死昆虫。

The naughty boys stamped the grass flat.

那些顽皮的男孩踩坏了草坪。

（3）n. 邮票

eg. My hobby is collectings stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。

(4) n. 印章，戳记

eg. a rubber stamp 橡皮章

a date stamp 日期印

★helicopter n. 直升飞机（口语简称copter）

eg. A helicopter was flying above the school.

一架直升飞机在学校上空飞着。

★scene n. 现场

（1）现场，地点

eg. They rushed to the scene of the traffic accident.

他们冲到了交通事故的现场。

（2）[c]光景，景色，风景

eg. a beautiful scene from the top of the mountain

从山顶看到的美丽景色。

（3）（戏剧，小说等的）场面，舞台，地点

eg. The last scene of the play was very impressive.

这部戏的最后一个场面令人印象深刻。

 scenery [u] 风景（某地区的）

scenic adj. 风景如画的

eg. a scenic spot 风景胜地

★survivor n. 幸存者(指人)，生存者

 survive v. 经历（灾难等）之后还活着，由…中生还

eg. Only one baby survived the terrible car crash.

在那次可怕的撞车事故中只有一个婴儿生还。

 survival n. [u] 幸存，存活

【Text】

When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the

mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her

two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on

the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it

grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering

them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold.

The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into

the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes

passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea.

She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal

and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a

helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.

参考译文

不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。此时正值隆冬季节，地上积着厚厚的雪。这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。夜里，天冷得厉害。这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不知道怎样才能发个信号。后来她有了一个主意。她在雪地上踩出了“SOS”这3个字母。幸运得很，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。

【课文讲解】

sos 国际通用的呼救信号

（1） save our souls 整救我们的灵魂

（2） save our ship 整救我们的船只

（3） 莫尔斯电码符号（三点，三横，三点）

1、When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed

in the mountains and its pilot was killed.

 a light passenger plane 一架轻型客机

a cargo plane 一架货机

fighter plane 战斗机

civil aviation 民用航空

 off course 脱离轨道

fly off course 飞行偏离航线

fly from the country 逃亡国外

course 所经之路，方向，路线，航线，过程，进程，课程

eg. a southward course 向南的路线

Our course is directly north.

我们的路线是朝正北的。

He gave me some advice on my future course.

他就我未来的发展方向给了我一些忠告。

You can see the course of the river on the map.

你在地图上能看到河流的走向。

During the storm, the ship went off course.

 kill v. 杀（仅表示死了，不一定是人为的杀死,有可能是火灾等）

murder v. 谋杀（故意杀死）

2、The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were

unhurt.

 unhurt adj. 没有受伤

反义词：hurt adj. 受伤

hurt

（1）v. 使（身体）受伤

eg. I’m not hurt. I’m all right. 我没有受伤，我很好。

Be careful not to hurt yourself. 小心不要伤到自己。

= Be careful not to get hurt.

(2) v. 使（人，身体）疼痛

eg. These shoes are tight and hurt my feet.

这双鞋太紧了，夹得我脚疼。

My injured left leg still hurts.

我受伤的左腿还很疼。

3、It was the middle of winter.

 the middle of winter 隆冬

= midwinter

eg. midsummer 仲夏

midnight 午夜

midfield （足球场等的）中场

middle man 经销商，中间人

middle finger 中指

the Middle East 中东

middle class 中产阶级

middleaged 中年的

the middle of nowhere （口）偏远的某地

4、Snow lay thick on the ground.

 lay 是系动词（放置）, thick是形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或性质。

5、The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away.

 miles away 几英里之外（距离的表达方式）

6、When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the

children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.

 grow dark 变得黑了

grow 变得（系动词）

eg. He grew angry when I told him about it.

= He got angry when I told him about it.

当我告诉他这消息的时候，他变得十分生气。

turn 变得(turn通常表示颜色的变化)

eg. The leaves are turning yellow. 树叶变黄了。

= The leaves are getting yellow.

go 变得（go通常表示事物由好变坏）

eg. This apple has gone bad. 这个苹果变烂了。

get 变得（get最常用）

eg. Coal got scarce last winter. 去年冬天煤变得很缺乏。

e

eg. Everything you said came true. 你说的一切都成为真的了。

(e通常构成固定搭配：e true变成真的, e right变成正确了, e wrong变错了, e

loose变松了)

fall

eg. She fell ill while she was on holiday.

她度假的时候病倒了。

（fall 通常构成固定搭配， fall ill病倒了，fall asleep睡着了）

 turn…into… = change sth. into … 把……变成……

 covering them with all the clothes中的covering是现在分词短语作状语

cover… with… 用…覆盖

be covered with 被…覆盖

 she could find是个定语从句修饰clothes

7、During the night, it got terribly cold.

 it got terribly cold 天变得非常得冷

get 变得

terribly adv. 非常

eg. I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。

terrible adj. 可怕的

8、The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried

to get into the case herself, but it was too small.

 as…as sb. can/could = as…as possible 尽可能的……

eg. as near as she could 尽可能近

as quickly as possible 尽可能快

run as fast as you can 尽可能快跑

as many as possible 尽可能多

 near to = close to

9、Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered

how she could send a signal.

 wondered how she could send a signal中how引导宾语从句，从句为陈述句语序

 heard planes passing overhead 听到飞机从头顶飞过

hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事

overhead adv. 在头顶上，在上空，在楼上

eg. birds flying overhead 鸟在头顶飞翔

overhear 无意中听到，偶然听到

 wonder v. 疑惑，想知道（后常跟特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句）

= want to know

eg. I wonder what happened. 我想知道发生什么事了。

I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否会下雨。

8、Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow.

 have an idea 有主意了

pop up an idea 突然有主意了

form an idea of sth. 产生某种想法

give a person an idea of 使某人明白

What an idea! 多么荒唐！不像话！

 stamp out 踩出

out在这里为副词，表示“出现，显露”等

 in the snow 在雪地上

9、Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the

nearest town.

 by radio 通过广播，用无线电信号

eg. by cheque 用支票

by letter 用写信的方式

by telephone 用打 的方式

by working hard 凭着努力工作

10、It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue

the survivors of the plane crash.

 It was not long before + 从句 不久就……（指过去）

（before引导时间状语从句）

It will not be long before… 不久就……（将来可能发生的事）

 long before = long long ago 很久以前

before long 不久以后(可能指过去，也可能指将来)

eg. shortly before ……之前不久

shortly after ……之后立即

 on the scene 在现场（固定短语）

【Key structures】

一般过去时：

一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。

注意：一些常用动词的过去式的不规则变化。

【Special Difficulties】

可以表示“变成”的一些动词

grow，turn，bee, go，get，e，fall等动词均有“变成”的意思，但它们在用法上有时有差别。

grow表示“（逐渐）变得”，比get要正式些：

He has grown fat.

He has grown to like studying mathematics.

grow dark（变黑）

grow = get slowly慢慢变得

turn表示“把（状态、性质）改变（成）……”或“使变颜色”等

Leaves will turn yellow in autumn.

A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive.

His face turned red.

go表示“变成（某种状态）”，通常表示不好的变化：

Some foods go bad easily.

The milk went sour.

get在口语中使用较多，表示“成为（某种状态）”，强调的是变化的过程（一下子变得）。天气变化，一般用get，get cold(变冷)

Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.

e可表示“变成，成为，达到”等，与true连用时表示“实现”

Her dream to swim across the channel has e true.

e + true/right/loose

The dream es true. 梦想成真。

Take it easy. Everything will e right.

e loose 变松动

fall可表示“变成……的状态”

fall + asleep/ill 坠落梦乡/病倒了

You fell asleep while I was talking to you.

He fell ill last week, so he didn’t e to your wedding.

不定式：是一种非谓语动词，时间上表示将要

① 做主语

It is important to do sth.

② 做宾语

want to do

③ 做宾补

allow/expect sb. to do sth.

④ 做定语（放在被修饰词之后）

anything to do

⑤ 做状语：目的状语

⑥ 做表语

【Summary writing】

（1）A plane crashed in the mountains, but the only passengers, a young woman

and her two baby daughters, were not hurt. It was midwinter and extremely

cold, so the woman put the children in a case, covered them with clothes and

kept close to them all night. When she heard planes early next morning, she

stamped out SOS in the snow. This was seen by a pilot, who sent a radio

message, and they were soon rescued by a helicopter.

（2）When a plane crashed in the mountains, the only passengers, a young

woman and her two baby daughters, were not hurt. However, it was midwinter

and extremely cold. After putting the children in a case and covering them

with clothes, the woman kept close to them all night. On hearing planes

early next morning, the woman stamped out SOS in the snow, which was seen

by a pilot. A message was sent and they were soon rescued by a helicopter.