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2024年2月19日发(作者:sumifs嵌套or)
英语音标学习认识几个定义:
1、音素 英语语音中最小的发音单位。
2、元音 发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。
3、辅音 发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。
4、音节 说话时最小的语音片段。
一个可以为单个元音(如I/aɪ/),或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音(如tree /tri:/)。
单词可以根据音节数量分为:单音节词,双音节词和多音节词。
、
以不发音字母e结尾(如name, come等)。
5、开音节 以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节,即辅音+元音(如me, he等);或6、闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音,即元音+辅音(如it, pen, pick等)。
7、重读 在双音节或多音节单词中,有个音节必须读得特别强而重,而其它音节读得相对弱而轻,这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。
8、清音和浊音(辅音) 发音时声带不振动叫清辅音;声带振动叫浊辅音。
音标基础学习
一、英语共有48个音素,元音20个,辅音28个
元音
、
1. 长短:/i:/ /ɪ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/
2. 大小:/e/ /æ/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/
3. I组:/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/
4. U组:/əʊ/ /aʊ/
5. ə组:/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/
清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /mJuly June
k /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like
>
l
1.
2.
n
1.
2.
—
/l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play
/l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale
m /m/ am map my mouth milk
/n/ no know new hand
/ŋ/ thank think thing uncle swing
p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman
q /kw/ quite quilt quick
r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library
s
1.
2.
/s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass
/z/ nose those rose rulers season
t /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plant
v /v/ five very seven village live
'
w /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter with
x /ks/ box six fox relax
y
1.
2.
3.
/ai /my fly why bye
/ j / yes yellow young yesterday
/ i /happy baby very windy snowy study
z / z / zoo zero
三、常见字母组合
·
(一)元音组合
ai /ei/ wait paint
ay /ei/ may play day say
air /εə / air hair chair
al /ɔ:/ tall small ball
ar /α: / farther farm car arm
ea
①/i:/ meat please tea read
②/e/ head bread ready
③/iə/ theater
ear
①/ iə / ear hear near
②/εə/ bear
③/ə:/ earth
ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep
eir /εə/ their
er
①/ə/ worker teacher
② /ə:/ her
ere
①/iə/ here
②/εə/ where there
ew
①/ju: / new few
②/u: / flew grew
ight /ai / right high bright
ir /ə: / bird girl shirt thirty
oa /əu/ boat coat
ong /oŋ/ long song
oo
①/u/ book foot good
②/u:/ moon balloon
or
①/ɔ:/
short fork port
②/ə: / word world work
oor
/ɔ:/
door floor
ore
/ɔ:/
more store sore
ou /au/ out house mouth
our
①/ɔ:/
four your
② /auə/ our
ow
① /əu/ bowl window
② /au/ now cow flower
oy /oi/ boy toy
ur /ə: / turn
(二)辅音组合
th
①
/θ/ thank mouth
②
/ δ/ this that with
tr /tr/ tree train truck
dr /dr/ dress driver
sh /∫/ shirt wash short
ch
①/t∫/ child chair catch
②
/ k / school Christmas
dз/ sandwich
tw /tw/ two twin twenty
③
/
wh
① /w/ white wheel what
②
/h/ who whose whom
ts /ts/ jackets kites
ds /dz/ birds friends
(三)特殊组合
tion /∫n/ question nation
四、单词重音(word stress)
}
英语单词分为单音节词,双音节词和多音节词。
含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节,由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词,如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].
由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词,如funny ['fʌnɪ] ,famous ['feməs]
由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词,如delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs]
英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节,由符号“ ’”表示,如about [ə'baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音,一个是主重音,一个是次重音,或两个都是主重音,次重音用符号“,”表示,标在次重音的左下方。如anybody ['ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上,多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节,如documentary [,dɑkjə'mɛntərɪ],grandfather ['grænd,fɑðɚ]。
四.句子重音(sentence stress)
一个句子中,实词(名词,实义动词,数词,形容词,副词等)重读;虚词(冠词,介词)不重读。
;
-
英语音标练习题
一、口语练习
(一)读出下列单词:
1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/
^
/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/
bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will
/pæk/ /gæp/ /træʃ/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /′setl/
/di′pend/
pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend
2. /a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/
/ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /stɔ:m/ /nɔ:t/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/ /fa:/ /la:dʒ /
/ma:k/
mask past France storm naught fox sock far large mark
/θɔt/ /prɔmis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/
{
thought promise loose took mood through pull wood
3. /ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/
/dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/
dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck
/kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/
/pə′hæps/
curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps
4. /ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/
/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/
/sait/
)
kape great main propose motion stone over sight
/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/
rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster
5. /iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/
/viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/
/kə′lʌmbiə/
veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear
Colombia
6. /θ/ /ð/
/mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/
/ðəm′selvz/
}
month thief that than faith together thank themselves
(二)、绕口令:
1. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.
2. A mad man says that Amanda has captured a fat panda.
3. If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.
4. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.
5. If two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch which watch
Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch
6. She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is
sure.
]
二、笔头练习:(一). 找出画线部分读音不同的单词
( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach
( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map
( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party
( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good
( ) 5. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu
( ) 6. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot
( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly
( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over
( ) 9. A. mouth B. dangerous C. thousand D. about
( ) . too B.classroom C.broom D.afternoon
( ) 11. A. yellow B.brown C.window D.know
( ) 12. A.these B.they C.brother D.three
( ) 13. A.teacher B.seat C.sweater D.please
~
( ) 14. A. island B. small C. ask D. helps
(二).根据音标写单词:
[fa:] _______ [da:ns] _______ [mu:n] _______
[kait] _______ [′hæpinis ] _________ [′priti] _______
[′fæmili] _______ [tə′geðə] _______ [fɔks]
[tju:b] [flai] [flæg] _______
['mu:nkeik] _______ ['indiə] _______ ['djuəriŋ] _______
[snəu] _______ ['si:zn] _______ [di'liʃəs] _______
['jestədei] _______ [in'dʒɔi]_______ ['mid,ɔ:təm] _______
[tʃeindʒ] _______ ['deindʒə] ______ ['nɔizi] _______
[mju(:)'ziəm] _______
(三)根据音标写句子:
1. auə kla:s iz nɔt veri big . __________________________
2. bʌt its aiz a: nɔt big . __________________________
3. ðɛə a: siks kla:siz in greid wʌn .
______________________________________________________
4. wi: kæn si: it æt ðə zu: . ___________________________
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