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2024年2月19日发(作者:sumifs嵌套or)

英语音标学习认识几个定义:

1、音素 英语语音中最小的发音单位。

2、元音 发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。

3、辅音 发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。

4、音节 说话时最小的语音片段。

一个可以为单个元音(如I/aɪ/),或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音(如tree /tri:/)。

单词可以根据音节数量分为:单音节词,双音节词和多音节词。

以不发音字母e结尾(如name, come等)。

5、开音节 以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节,即辅音+元音(如me, he等);或6、闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音,即元音+辅音(如it, pen, pick等)。

7、重读 在双音节或多音节单词中,有个音节必须读得特别强而重,而其它音节读得相对弱而轻,这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。

8、清音和浊音(辅音) 发音时声带不振动叫清辅音;声带振动叫浊辅音。

音标基础学习

一、英语共有48个音素,元音20个,辅音28个

元音

1. 长短:/i:/ /ɪ/ /ɜ:/ /ə/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/ /U:/ /ʊ/

2. 大小:/e/ /æ/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/

3. I组:/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/

4. U组:/əʊ/ /aʊ/

5. ə组:/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/

清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/

浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ/ /dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ /r/ /mJuly June

k /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like

>

l

1.

2.

n

1.

2.

/l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play

/l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale

m /m/ am map my mouth milk

/n/ no know new hand

/ŋ/ thank think thing uncle swing

p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman

q /kw/ quite quilt quick

r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library

s

1.

2.

/s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass

/z/ nose those rose rulers season

t /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plant

v /v/ five very seven village live

'

w /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter with

x /ks/ box six fox relax

y

1.

2.

3.

/ai /my fly why bye

/ j / yes yellow young yesterday

/ i /happy baby very windy snowy study

z / z / zoo zero

三、常见字母组合

·

(一)元音组合

ai /ei/ wait paint

ay /ei/ may play day say

air /εə / air hair chair

al /ɔ:/ tall small ball

ar /α: / farther farm car arm

ea

①/i:/ meat please tea read

②/e/ head bread ready

③/iə/ theater

ear

①/ iə / ear hear near

②/εə/ bear

③/ə:/ earth

ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep

eir /εə/ their

er

①/ə/ worker teacher

② /ə:/ her

ere

①/iə/ here

②/εə/ where there

ew

①/ju: / new few

②/u: / flew grew

ight /ai / right high bright

ir /ə: / bird girl shirt thirty

oa /əu/ boat coat

ong /oŋ/ long song

oo

①/u/ book foot good

②/u:/ moon balloon

or

①/ɔ:/

short fork port

②/ə: / word world work

oor

/ɔ:/

door floor

ore

/ɔ:/

more store sore

ou /au/ out house mouth

our

①/ɔ:/

four your

② /auə/ our

ow

① /əu/ bowl window

② /au/ now cow flower

oy /oi/ boy toy

ur /ə: / turn

(二)辅音组合

th

/θ/ thank mouth

/ δ/ this that with

tr /tr/ tree train truck

dr /dr/ dress driver

sh /∫/ shirt wash short

ch

①/t∫/ child chair catch

/ k / school Christmas

dз/ sandwich

tw /tw/ two twin twenty

/

wh

① /w/ white wheel what

/h/ who whose whom

ts /ts/ jackets kites

ds /dz/ birds friends

(三)特殊组合

tion /∫n/ question nation

四、单词重音(word stress)

}

英语单词分为单音节词,双音节词和多音节词。

含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节,由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词,如bed[bɛd],dad[dæd].

由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词,如funny ['fʌnɪ] ,famous ['feməs]

由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词,如delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs]

英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节,由符号“ ’”表示,如about [ə'baut]。有的多音节词有两个重音,一个是主重音,一个是次重音,或两个都是主重音,次重音用符号“,”表示,标在次重音的左下方。如anybody ['ɛnɪ,bɑdɪ]。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上,多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节,如documentary [,dɑkjə'mɛntərɪ],grandfather ['grænd,fɑðɚ]。

四.句子重音(sentence stress)

一个句子中,实词(名词,实义动词,数词,形容词,副词等)重读;虚词(冠词,介词)不重读。

;

-

英语音标练习题

一、口语练习

(一)读出下列单词:

1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/

^

/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/

bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will

/pæk/ /gæp/ /træʃ/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /′setl/

/di′pend/

pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend

2. /a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/

/ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /stɔ:m/ /nɔ:t/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/ /fa:/ /la:dʒ /

/ma:k/

mask past France storm naught fox sock far large mark

/θɔt/ /prɔmis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/

{

thought promise loose took mood through pull wood

3. /ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/

/dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/

dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck

/kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/

/pə′hæps/

curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps

4. /ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/

/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/

/sait/

kape great main propose motion stone over sight

/raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/

rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster

5. /iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/

/viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/

/kə′lʌmbiə/

veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear

Colombia

6. /θ/ /ð/

/mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/

/ðəm′selvz/

}

month thief that than faith together thank themselves

(二)、绕口令:

1. A tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.

2. A mad man says that Amanda has captured a fat panda.

3. If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.

4. A big black bug bit a big black bear, made the big black bear bleed blood.

5. If two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch which watch

Which wristwatch is a Swiss wristwatch

6. She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is

sure.

]

二、笔头练习:(一). 找出画线部分读音不同的单词

( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach

( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map

( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party

( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good

( ) 5. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu

( ) 6. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot

( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly

( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over

( ) 9. A. mouth B. dangerous C. thousand D. about

( ) . too B.classroom C.broom D.afternoon

( ) 11. A. yellow B.brown C.window D.know

( ) 12. A.these B.they C.brother D.three

( ) 13. A.teacher B.seat C.sweater D.please

~

( ) 14. A. island B. small C. ask D. helps

(二).根据音标写单词:

[fa:] _______ [da:ns] _______ [mu:n] _______

[kait] _______ [′hæpinis ] _________ [′priti] _______

[′fæmili] _______ [tə′geðə] _______ [fɔks]

[tju:b] [flai] [flæg] _______

['mu:nkeik] _______ ['indiə] _______ ['djuəriŋ] _______

[snəu] _______ ['si:zn] _______ [di'liʃəs] _______

['jestədei] _______ [in'dʒɔi]_______ ['mid,ɔ:təm] _______

[tʃeindʒ] _______ ['deindʒə] ______ ['nɔizi] _______

[mju(:)'ziəm] _______

(三)根据音标写句子:

1. auə kla:s iz nɔt veri big . __________________________

2. bʌt its aiz a: nɔt big . __________________________

3. ðɛə a: siks kla:siz in greid wʌn .

______________________________________________________

4. wi: kæn si: it æt ðə zu: . ___________________________


本文标签: 音节 单词 元音 辅音 发音