升本词汇短语句型3

Lecture 3

Unit 5 Section A

Words

[mju:n] adj. 不受影响的；有免疫力的

巩固：Weareimmuneto(are not infected by)advertising.我们对广告是免疫的。

*Birds in outside cages developimmunity toairborne bacteria.养在户外笼子里的鸟对空气传播的病毒有免疫力。

se ['daɡnz] vt. 诊断

巩固：The soldierswerediagnosedwith (were discovered)flu.这些士兵被诊断为患了流感。

*The doctorwas outin hisdiagnosis.医生的诊断(n.)错了。

ent ['mplmnt] vt. 履行；实施；贯彻

巩固：We implement the principle of assuming responsibility for mistakes. 我们贯彻对错误承担责任的原则。

*implement(carry out) a policy落实一项政策 implement a promise履行诺言

*Very little has been achieved in theimplementation (n.)of the peace agreement.和平协议的执行鲜有进展。

辨析：apparatus器械；仪器instrument精密仪器；乐器device装置equipment成套设备tool工具implement原始工具；农具installation安装的小型仪器；装备appliance家用电器facilities基础设施

['kmbt] vt. 防止；与…..斗争；打击；格斗，博斗

巩固：Congress has criticized new government measures tocombatcrime. 国会批评了新政府防止(v.)犯罪的措施。

*The shipcombated (vi.) withthe wind and waves.这艘轮船与风浪搏斗。

*A reporterinterviewedthecombathero.记者访问了这位战斗英雄。

*It was the end of a longcombat(可数).那是一场长时间搏斗的结束。

*Yesterday saw hand-to-handcombat(不可数）in the city.昨天那座城里发生了肉搏战.

辨析：battle战斗war战争campaign战役struggle斗争；奋斗warfare战争状态；冲突fight打斗engagement交火

[d'fan] vt. 阐明;规定;限定;使明确

巩固：It's hard to define exactly what has changed. 很难解释清楚到底发生了什么变化。

*Wemaydefine alloftheseasourneeds.我们可将所有这一切都确定为必需品。

ish ['stbl] vt. 建立(联系、组织、规则);创立;设立；制定

巩固：We had alreadyestablishedcontact withthe museum.我们已经与那个博物馆建立了联系。

*That link is anestablishedmedical fact.那种联系是被证实了的医学事实。

辨析：1）build建造construct建构found创立；奠基erect使直立；高高建起set up搭建

2）prove证明certify证书证明demonstrate展示证明testify法庭作证establish证实

rate ['lstret] vt. (用例子、故事或图表)说明,阐明

巩固：Let me give another example toillustrate(show)this difficult point.让我举另一个例子来阐明这个难点。

*Here, by way ofillustration, are some extracts from our new catalog.这里，引为例证，是我们新目录的部分摘录。

* The book is beautifully illustrated（adj.）throughout. 这本书从头到尾都是配有精美插图的。

辨析：explain解释interpret诠释；口译illustrate例证；图示clarify澄清account for合理解释

less [rgɑ:dls] adv. 不管怎样;无论如何;不顾一切地

巩固：Get the money, regardless! 不管怎样，拿钱再说！

*

The club welcomes all new members regardless of age. 俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。

Phrases

llcarry outthisexperimentation,regardlessofwhathappen.不管发生什么，他们都将完成这个实验。

hisis nowatrisk.所有这些目前都处于危险中。

felt sick and dizzy and thenpassed out.他感觉恶心，眩晕，接着就昏倒了。

*After three drinks, the manpassed out.酒过三巡，他醉得不省人事。

*The exhibitors at the trade fairpassed outfree samples to stimulate interest.

参加交易会的展商免费分发样品以引起人们的兴趣。

*The late governorpassed onmuch of his fortune to his daughter.已故州长把财产的大部分传给了他的女儿。

*Hepassed onat the age of 72.他72岁时去世。

musicdistractedthe studentsfromtheir studies.音乐使学生们无法专心于学习。

*Weliveintheageofdistraction.我们生活在一个注意力分散的时代。

udents wouldsighupforthe talent show.很多人渴望参加那个才艺展示。

fulnottobeinfectedwithflu.警惕别熏染上流感。

*An unbornbabycanbeinfectedbythemother.未出生的婴儿有可能因其母亲而受到感染。

7. There should bea political solution toseek to this economic crisis.

lawas basicallymadeasacureforheadaches.可口可乐最早是被研制出来治疗头痛的。

Structures

1. 定语从句：注意三要素，即先行词，关系词和先行词在从句中的句法功能

1) I don't like the way (that) he teaches English.

2) An ,withwhomI hope to live,

3) The watch(that/which) I lost at the department store has been found.

4) I'll never forget the citywhereI spent my childhood with Mary.

5) He won a gold medal,which/aswas regarded as an unusual glory/honour by the whole family/

2. despite短语作状语，表示让步：注意其位置，标点符号和其后的词语形式

1)Despite his illness,he came to the meeting.

2)Despite a lot of difficulties,he managed to finish the work within three weeks.

3) ..., despite that he is old.

4) Despite bad weather, ...

5) ...despite his hard work.

Section B

Words

ce [k'mens] vt. 开始

巩固：Theycommenced(started) a systematic search.他们开始了系统的搜查。

拓展：commence /start/begin+v-ing可以；但是只有start/begin+to do

辨析：commerce正式开始；开展initiate发动；发起inaugurate开幕；加冕

2. intense [n'tens] adj. 强烈的;剧烈的;极度的

巩固：He was sweating from theintenseheat.由于剧烈的热量，他一直出汗。

拓展：The attack was anticipated but itsintensitycame as a shock.进攻是预料之中，但其激烈程度却令人震惊。

intense competition激烈的竞争intense emotion激情intense pain剧烈疼痛；剧痛

e [k'spl:(r)] vt. 在…探险;探测;勘察;考察

巩固：We've come to this country, let's explore! 我们已经来到这个国家，让我们好好考察一番吧！

拓展：I looked forward to theexploration (n.)of their theories.我期待着对他们的理论进行探讨。

辨析：hunt猎取；搜寻explore探索track跟踪；追踪seek探寻；追求

lly [nli] adv. 开始；最初

巩固：Initially, they were wary of Simon. 开始时，他们对西蒙小心提防。

firstly, originally, tialreaction has been excellent.最初的反应极好。

['dpt] vt. 采取；采纳；采用

巩固：Ifyouthinkoursuggestionsright,thenadopt(use)them.如果您认为我们的建议合适，那么就采用它们。

拓展：There are hundreds of people desperate toadopta child.有数以百计的人极其渴望收养小孩。

Somechildrenareadoptedandlivewiththeiradoptiveparents.一些孩子是收养的，跟他们的养父母生活在一起。

h ['tramf] n. (成功或获胜时的)极大的满足，狂喜，骄傲(不可数)

巩固：Her sense oftriumph(great success)was short-lived.她喜悦的感觉是短暂的。

拓展：1）Thiswasthetriumph(可数)ofJacksoniandemocracy.这是杰克逊式民主的胜利。

2）The workerstriumphed(vi.) overmany difficulties.工人们战胜了许多困难。 ？

辨析：victory胜利conquest征服triumph大胜；完胜

[spl] vt. (使)溢出;(使)泼出;(使)洒出

巩固：Don'tspill(pass out)thesoup.别把汤洒了。The soup is spilled.汤洒了。

拓展：Tears began tospill outof the boy's eyes.泪水开始从男孩的眼里涌出。

~ the beans露馅儿 ~one’s blood杀死；弄伤thrills and spills惊险刺激

[kwt] vt. 放弃，辞去(工作)

巩固：I'dquitexceptIneedthemoney.要不是我需要钱的话，我就辞职了。

拓展：I was trying to quit（give up）smoking at the time. 当时我正在努力戒烟。

辨析：cease渐息pause停顿stop停下来halt戛然而止(终止/中止)quit(失败/挫折)放弃；停止

Phrases

1.A deathprior to65 is considered to be a premature death.65岁以前的死亡被认为是过早死亡。

He claimed hehad no prior knowledge ofthe protest.他声称他对那次抗议事先一无所知。

. Ryanisconfidentofsuccess.瑞安先生对成功有信心。Ihave little confidence (n.) inhim.

ldnotthrowapetitionout to thepublicinhaste.我们不应该轻率抛出一份公开请愿书。

makes you want to watch the next episode tofind outwhat's going to happen.这使你想看下一集，以弄清接下来要发生什么。

Her face was so grave, I wondered for a moment if she'dfound me out.她表情严肃,我一时怀疑她是否识破了我。

assist someone in doing something帮助某人做某事

ctandnotshrinkforfear(that)ourmotivesbe misunderstood.让我们行动起来，不要退缩，以免我们的动机遭到误解。

Ifyouarea tearinmyeye,forfearoflosingyouIwould nevercry.

如果你是我眼里的一滴眼泪，我不会哭因为我害怕会失去你。

ompetewithplantingsforwaterandnutrients.杂草和植物争夺水分和养分。

rusthimintothe back of a jeep.他们把他猛推入吉普车的后部。

Two of the knifethrusts(可数）were fatal.猛刺的两刀是致命的。

Shethrusther wayintothe crowd.她挤进了人群。

Unit 6 Section A

Words

ine [nd'lan] vt. 在…下画线

巩固：Underlinethe following that apply to you.在以下适用于你的部分下面划线。

拓展：The reportunderlinedhis concern that standards were at risk.该报告强调了他对于标准被降低的担忧。

*Icame across(meet by chance) this book in an old bookstore in London.我在伦敦一家旧书店碰到了这本书。

rsary [n'v:sr] n. 周年纪念（日）

巩固：Today's our wedding anniversary. 今天是我们的结婚纪念日。

3. regard [r'ɡɑ:d] vt. 认为;把…看作

巩固：Regardeachfailureasastimulustofurtherefforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。

拓展：1）Regarding/Withregardto/As reagrds/money,that'snoproblem.至于钱嘛，那不成问题。

2）Germanyis notinnocentinthisregard.在这方面，德国并不是无辜的。

3）I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved.我非常钦佩他的为人和成就。

ity [kjr'st] n. 好奇心;求知欲

巩固：Ihaveacuriositytohearmyfortunetold.我很想听别人给我算算命。

拓展：have a strong curiosity about sth: 对......有强烈的好奇心

2）Stevewas intensely curious aboutthe world I came from.史蒂夫对我是从哪里来的有强烈的好奇心。

in [r'stren] vt. 克制(情绪);抑制（自己）

巩固：Shewassoangrythat she couldhardlyrestrainherself.她气得几乎难以自制。

拓展：Ican'trestrainthemfromgoingtheir ownway.我不能阻止他们走自己的路。

*The president is calling for spendingrestraints （n. 可数）in some areas.该总统要求在一些领域限制开支。

*They behaved with morerestraint（n.不可数）than I'd expected.他们表现了比我预想还多的克制。

辨析：restrain强行抑制check制止；阻止refrain抑制；克制bridle约束（感情欲望）

nd [sraund] vt. 围绕;环绕

巩固：The original builderssurroundedthe cityby[with]a wall.最初的建设者们在该城的周围修起了城墙。

拓展：Your surrounds are you surroundings. 你周围的事物就是你的环境。

辨析：enclose围住；封住encircle圈住 envelop笼罩；遮盖住fence用栅栏围住surround包围；环绕

erably [knsdrbli] adv. 相当，非常，颇

巩固：Their dinner parties had becomeconsiderablyless formal.他们的晚餐会已经远不如以前正式。

拓展：1）To be without Pearce would be aconsiderableblow失去皮尔斯将是一个巨大的打击

2）It's aninconsiderablequestion. 这是个不值得考虑的/不重要的问题。

sibility [rispnsbiliti] n. 责任;义务（不可数）

巩固：Bill refused totakeresponsibilityforthe accident.比尔拒绝对那次事故承担责任。

拓展：Don't worry. If anything goes wrong, I'lltakeresponsibilityforit.没关系，出了问题我兜着/承担过失。

How do you deal with family responsibilities（可数：职责任务=duties）你怎么处理家庭职责的？

As a doctor she has a responsibility to her fellow creatures.作为医生，她对自己的同胞负责。

Phrases

, I want 是的，我想和你共度/分享一生。

拓展：Thelion'sshareof the budget is living expenses.预算中的最大的一项是生活费用

s English Dictionarydefinesa workaholicas'a person obsessively addicted to work'.

《柯林斯英语词典》给“工作狂”一词定义为“一个过分沉溺于工作中的人”。

拓展：He was asked todefinehis concept of cool.他被要求/阐明自己关于“酷”的定义。

is planning todepartfromthe company he founded.利普顿打算离开他创立的那家公司。

拓展：Why is it in this country that we havedeparted fromgood educational sense？

为什么在这个国家我们背离了教育上明智的选择？

短语：depart from…for…离开某地到另一地 depart this life/world离开人世

我把你错当成卡洛斯了。

拓展：When hay fever first occurs itisoftenmistaken fora summer cold.花粉病初期常被误认为是风热感冒。

girls whorunawaytoLondon eventuallygo on the streets.很多逃到伦敦来的姑娘最后都沦为妓女。

拓展：Theresa Zabellran away withthe women's gold medal.特雷莎·扎贝尔轻松获得了女子金牌。

Knowing her father's opposition to Robin, she decided torun away withhim. 知道父亲反对罗宾，她决定和他私奔

6. I had torestrainmyself fromtellinghim what I thought of him.我不得不克制自己，不告诉他我对他的想法。

hoped that something mightsaveherfromhavingto make a decision.她希望有什么能使自己不必作决定。

*the last save(介词=except) one倒数第二

8.I have often thought 我常考虑这个问题。

辨析：Hethought ofanother way of getting out of the marriage.他又想到一个摆脱那桩婚姻的点子。

Structures

1. whoever让步状从，表强调;“无论谁”（注意位置和语序）

1)Whoeverhe is, I don't want to see him.

2)Whoeverowned the business, it'd be a success.

3) I'll take him to his parentswhoeverhas broken the window.

I'll find the person who did this,whoeverhe is.我要找出干这件事的人，不管他是谁。

拓展：

主从：Whoeverbreaks the school windowswill be in for trouble!无论谁打破了学校的窗子，都要受罚。

宾从：You can havewhoeveryou like to 你想要谁来拜访你都可以。

2. 助动词（do,does,did）表强调;(注意助动词的时态、单复数，以及其位置)

1) My colleagues and old schoolmatesdid feelhappy for me when I ...

2) Billdoes havesome problem with his math class

3) Shedid gonext door

4) These wordsdo conveyher feelings at the moment.

Section B

Words

[bust] vi. 吹嘘；炫耀；夸耀

巩固：Carolboastedabout(=~ of)卡萝尔炫耀着自己的穿着打扮。

拓展：He was asked about earlierboasts(可数n.)of a quick victory.有人质问他早先说过的那些速战速决的大话。

er ['redst(r)] vi. （表情）流露，显露，显出

巩固：Surprise againregisteredon Rodney's face.罗德尼的脸上再次流露出诧异的神情。

拓展：1）Workers stopped work toregistertheir protest.工人罢工以表示抗议。

2）Weregisteredhis birth.我们给他进行了出生登记。

3）He signed the register at the hotel.他在酒店的登记簿上签了名。

opher [filsf] n. 哲学家，哲人；思想家，学者；豁达的人

巩固：Thephilosopherspeculated about time and space.这位哲学家在思索时间和空间问题。

ist [knmst] n. 经济学家，经济专家

巩固：He's aneconomistwho thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

辨析：aneconomicquestion一个经济学问题 aneconomicallady一位节俭的女士

ment n. 雇佣；职业

拓展：be in ~有工作, 有职业be out of ~解雇, 失业blind alley ~没有前途的工作[职业]？

get ~找到工作, 就业lose ~失业take sb. into ~雇用某人

te ['ɡrdt] vi. 毕业，授予…学位（或毕业文凭）

巩固：Shegraduatedin English and DramafromManchester University.她毕业于曼彻斯特大学的英语和戏剧专业。

拓展：In 1973, the first Open Universitygraduatesgot their 年，首批开放大学的毕业生获得了学位。

y [frkli] adv. 直率地（说），坦诚地；真诚地；坦白地；平心而论

巩固：Franklyspeaking (To be frank/To speak frankly),I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说，我不反对改革。

t [r'tri:t] vi. 退缩；作罢

巩固：Some peopleretreatintopositions of hard irony and cynicism.有些人遇事就退缩，采取冷嘲热讽的态度。

拓展：1）You cannotretreatfromyour responsibility in this affair.你不能回避/放弃在这一事件中的责任。

2）He spent yesterday hidden away in his country retreat. 他昨天躲在了他乡下的静养地/隐居地。

辨析：retire退休；退役；辞职retreat（被迫）退隐；后退 withdraw部队撤回；撤离；收回；退出

***civilize 使开化；教化 civilized文明的；有教养的 civilization文明 civilizing教化人的；有启发的

Phrases

one’s rounds n.复数，巡视；回合；一连串；一阵

Thedoctors attheminemake/gotheirroundsofvisits every day.矿上医生每天巡诊。 (到各处去；巡回拜访)

拓展：a round of applause/drinks/golf/events一阵掌声/一巡饮料/一轮高尔夫比赛/一连串事件

with伴随；与…相伴而生

For many women, the status whichgoes withbeing a wife is important.对很多女性而言，为人之妻的名分很重要。

拓展：go with sb. 和某人一起去；和某人谈恋爱

down on 小看；俯瞰

巩固：Don'tlookdownonpeople!别小看人！

the sound of 一听到……的声音

Thebirds scatteredatthesoundofthegun.一听到枪响，群鸟(应声)受惊飞散。

for

巩固：Your plan willcallfora lot of money.你的计划需要/呼吁许多钱。？

拓展：I shall becalling foryou at seven o'点钟我来接你。

contrary to

巩固：The resultiscontrarytoexpectation.结果跟预料恰好相反。

Contrarytoour expectations, he was eliminated in the first round.我们怎么也想不到，他在第一轮就被淘汰了。

mpathyfor

巩固：Even state-controlled mediahavesympathyforthecoal bosses.就连国有媒体也对煤老板们表示同情。

拓展：Several hundred workers struckinsympathywiththeir colleagues.几百名工人罢工以声援他们的同事。

辨析：have sympathy for …对……抱以同情 have sympathy with sb./idea支持sb或某观点

巩固：I had planned tostayatthis job for only two days.这个工作我原计划只需干两天。