ASTM--E165-2002

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Designation:E165–02

StandardTestMethodfor

LiquidPenetrantExamination

1

ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE165;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof

originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,rinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A

superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.

1.1Thistestmethod

2

coversproceduresforpenetrantex-

enondestructivetestingmeth-

odsfordetectingdiscontinuitiesthatareopentothesurface

suchascracks,seams,laps,coldshuts,laminations,through

leaks,orlackoffusionandareapplicabletoin-process,final,

nbeeffectivelyusedin

theexaminationofnonporous,metallicmaterials,bothferrous

andnonferrous,andofnonmetallicmaterialssuchasglazedor

fullydensifiedceramics,certainnonporousplastics,andglass.

1.2Thistestmethodalsoprovidesareference:

1.2.1Bywhichaliquidpenetrantexaminationprocess

recommendedorrequiredbyindividualorganizationscanbe

reviewedtoascertainitsapplicabilityandcompleteness.

1.2.2Foruseinthepreparationofprocessspecifications

dealingwiththeliquidpenetrantexaminationofmaterialsand

entbytheuserandthesupplierregarding

specifictechniquesisstronglyrecommended.

1.2.3Foruseintheorganizationofthefacilitiesand

personnelconcernedwiththeliquidpenetrantexamination.

1.3Thistestmethoddoesnotindicateorsuggestcriteriafor

ldbepointedout,

however,thatafterindicationshavebeenproduced,theymust

beinterpretedorclassifispurpose

theremustbeaseparatecodeorspecificationoraspecific

agreementtodefinethetype,size,location,anddirectionof

indicationsconsideredacceptable,andthoseconsideredunac-

ceptable.

1.4Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded

sareprovidedforinformationonly.

1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe

safetyconcerns,ifany,e

responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-

priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-

bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.

ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07on

NondestructiveTestingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.03on

LiquidPenetrantandMagneticParticleMethods.

CurrenteditionapprovedFebruary10,ally

publishedasE165–eviouseditionE165–95.

2

ForASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCodeapplicationsseerelatedRecom-

mendedTestMethodSE-165intheCode.

1

ncedDocuments

2.1ASTMStandards:

D129TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Gen-

eralBombMethod)

3

D516TestMethodforSulfateIoninWater

4

D808TestMethodforChlorineinNewandUsedPetro-

leumProducts(BombMethod)

3

D1193SpecificationforReagentWater

4

D1552TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts

(High-TemperatureMethod)

3

D4327TestMethodforAnionsinWaterbyChemically

SuppressedIonChromatography

4

E433ReferencePhotographsforLiquidPenetrantInspec-

tion

5

E543PracticeforEvaluatingAgenciesthatPerformNon-

destructiveTesting

5

E1208TestMethodforFluorescentLiquidPenetrantEx-

aminationUsingtheLipophilicPost-EmulsificationPro-

cess

5

E1209TestMethodforFluorescentLiquidPenetrantEx-

aminationUsingtheWater-WashableProcess

5

E1210TestMethodforFluorescentLiquidPenetrantEx-

aminationUsingtheHydrophilicPost-EmulsificationPro-

cess

5

E1219TestMethodforFluorescentLiquidPenetrantEx-

aminationUsingtheSolvent-RemovableProcess

5

E1220TestMethodforVisiblePenetrantExamination

UsingtheSolvent-RemovableProcess

5

E1316TerminologyforNondestructiveExaminations

5

E1418TestMethodforVisiblePenetrantExamination

UsingtheWater-WashableProcess

5

2.2ASNTDocument:

6

RecommendedPracticeSNT-TC-1AforNondestructive

TestingPersonnelQualificationandCertification

ANSI/ASNTCP-189StandardforQualificationandCerti-

ficationofNondestructiveTestingPersonnel

AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol05.01.

AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol11.01.

5

AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol03.03.

6

AvailablefromtheAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting,1711Arlin-

gateLane,Columbus,OH43228-0518.

4

3

Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.

1

2.3MilitaryStandard:

MIL-STD-410NondestructiveTestingPersonnelQualifica-

tionandCertification

7

2.4APHAStandard:

429MethodfortheExaminationofWaterandWastewater

8

2.5AIAStandard:

NAS-410CertificationandQualificationofNondestructive

TestPersonnel

6

ology

3.1Thedefinitionsrelatingtoliquidpenetrantexamination,

whichappearinTerminologyE1316,shallapplytotheterms

usedinthisstandard.

yofTestMethod

4.1Aliquidpenetrantwhichmaybeavisibleorafluores-

centmaterialisappliedevenlyoverthesurfacebeingexamined

suitable

dwelltime,-

operisappliedtodrawtheentrappedpenetrantoutofthe

tsurfaceisthen

examinedtodeterminethepresenceorabsenceofindications.

N

OTE

1—Thedevelopermaybeomittedbyagreementbetweenpur-

chaserandsupplier.

N

OTE

2—Caution:Fluorescentpenetrantexaminationshallnotfollow

avisiblepenetrantexaminationunlesstheprocedurehasbeenqualifiedin

accordancewith10.2,becausevisibledyesmaycausedeteriorationor

quenchingoffluorescentdyes.

4.2Processingparameters,suchassurfaceprecleaning,

penetrationtimeandexcesspenetrantremovalmethods,are

determinedbythespecificmaterialsused,thenatureofthepart

underexamination,(thatis,size,shape,surfacecondition,

alloy)andtypeofdiscontinuitiesexpected.

ficanceandUse

5.1Liquidpenetrantexaminationmethodsindicatethepres-

ence,locationand,toalimitedextent,thenatureandmagni-

thevarious

methodshasbeendesignedforspecificusessuchascritical

serviceitems,volumeofparts,portabilityorlocalizedareasof

hodselectedwilldependaccordinglyon

theservicerequirements.

ficationofPenetrationsandMethods

6.1Liquidpenetrantexaminationmethodsandtypesare

classifiedasshowninTable1.

6.2Fluorescentpenetrantexaminationutilizespenetrants

thatfluorescebrilliantlywhenexcitedbyblacklight(see

8.9.1.2).Thesensitivityoffluorescentpenetrantsdependson

theirabilitytoberetainedinthevarioussizediscontinuities

duringprocessing,thentobleedoutintothedevelopercoating

andproduceindicationsthatwillflscentindi-

7

AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700

RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.

8

AvailablefromAmericanPublicHealthAssociation,PublicationOffice,1015

FifteenthStreet,NW,Washington,DC20005.

TABLE1ClassificationofPenetrantExaminationTypesand

Methods

TypeI—FluorescentPenetrantExamination

MethodA—Water-washable(seeTestMethodE1209)

MethodB—Post-emulsifiable,lipophilic(seeTestMethodE1208)

MethodC—Solventremovable(seeTestMethodE1219)

MethodD—Post-emulsifiable,hydrophilic(seeTestMethodE1210)

TypeII—VisiblePenetrantExamination

MethodA—Water-washable(seeTestMethodE1418)

MethodC—Solventremovable(seeTestMethodE1220)

cationsaremanytimesbrighterthantheirsurroundingswhen

viewedunderblacklightillumination.

6.3Visiblepenetrantexaminationusesapenetrantthatcan

etrantisusuallyred,sothatthe

indicationsproduceadefinitecontrastwiththewhiteback-

iblepenetrantprocessdoesnot

r,visiblepenetrant

indicationsmustbeviewedunderadequatewhitelight(see

8.9.2.1).

fMaterials

7.1Liquidpenetrantexaminationmaterials(seeNotes3

and4)consistoffluorescentandvisiblepenetrants,emulsifiers

(oil-baseandwater-base),solventremoversanddevelopers.A

familyofliquidpenetrantexaminationmaterialsconsistsofthe

applicablepenetrantandemulsifierorremover,asrecom-

ixingofpenetrantsand

emulsifiersfromvariousmanufacturersisnotrecommended.

N

OTE

3—Referto9.1forspecialrequirementsforsulfur,halogenand

alkalimetalcontent.

N

OTE

4—Caution:Whileapprovedpenetrantmaterialswillnotad-

verselyaffectcommonmetallicmaterials,someplasticsorrubbersmaybe

swollenorstainedbycertainpenetrants.

7.2Penetrants:

7.2.1Post-EmulsifiablePenetrantsaredesignedtobein-

solubleinwaterandcannotberemovedwithwaterrinsing

edesignedtobeselectivelyremovedfromthe

surfaceusingaseparateemulsifilsifier,properly

appliedandgivenaproperemulsificationtime,combineswith

theexcesssurfacepenetranttoformawater-washablemixture,

whichcanberinsedfromthesurface,leavingthesurfacefree

offlemulsificationtimemustbe

experimentallyestablishedandmaintainedtoensurethat

over-emulsificationdoesnotoccur,resultinginlossofindica-

tions.

7.2.2Water-WashablePenetrantsaredesignedtobedi-

rectlywater-washablefromthesurfaceofthetestpart,aftera

etheemulsifieris“built-

in”tothewater-washablepenetrant,itisextremelyimportant

toexerciseproperprocesscontrolinremovalofexcesssurface

-washablepen-

etrantscanbewashedoutofdiscontinuitiesiftherinsingstep

netrantsarelessresistant

tooverwashingthanothers.

7.2.3Solvent-RemovablePenetrantsaredesignedsothat

excesssurfacepenetrantcanberemovedbywipinguntilmost

ainingtraces