admin 管理员组

文章数量: 887021

文章目录

    • 一、KALI介绍
    • 二、虚拟机下载
    • 三、KALI虚拟机版下载与安装
    • 四、KALI更新软件和系统
    • 五、KALI不更新某个特定软件的方法

一、KALI介绍

KALI Linux是一款区别于Windows和MacOS的Linux操作系统,其集成了众多渗透测试软件,例如:nmap(网络扫描器)、Wireshark(网络分析器)等。渗透测试将用到KALI系统及其集成的工具,但不仅限于此。

二、虚拟机下载

1、为什么要下载虚拟机?

首先,虚拟机方便。虚拟机可以在物理机上虚拟出网卡、内存、硬盘等,在虚拟机上即可安装操作系统,并且最新的KALI有虚拟机版本,可以说是一键安装,无需在实体机上安装双系统,省时省力。

其次,虚拟机安全。虚拟机有快照功能,即保存系统的当前状态。在渗透测试过程或者操作KALI等许多情况下,都使用root权限(最高权限),如若操作不当,将可能导致机器无法正常运行,此时,恢复快照至未出故障时的状态即可轻松解决,避免直接安装在物理机时故障后无法运行。

最后,许多渗透测试的环境都需要在虚拟机上运行,例如metasploitable(靶机)。

2、下载地址:

链接:https://pan.baidu/s/1LXzPZPwZ0T4830DeuMYAIA

提取码:nutr

(获取许可证:关注微信公众号 “经计体” ,并后台回复“许可证”)

三、KALI虚拟机版下载与安装

1、下载步骤:KALI下载官网:https://www.kali/get-kali/ —— 选择Virtual Machines —— 选择64-bit或者32-bit VMware进行下载,步骤如图:

2、安装:下载完成后解压,双击.vmx文件即可打开虚拟机运行。

3、其他版本的下载:历史版本:http://old.kali/kali-images/,另外,读者也可以自行探索其他版本,KALI有基于移动设备的版本,可以装在手机上,感兴趣可以尝试。

四、KALI更新软件和系统

1、配置KALI系统源
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list  

2、将下列代码复制进去,再保存即可(更多源请后台回复“源”)
# See https://www.kali/docs/general-use/kali-linux-sources-list-repositories/
deb http://http.kali/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free

# Additional line for source packages
deb-src http://http.kali/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
 
#清华大学
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
 
#浙大
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free

deb http:old.kali/kali sana main non-free contrib

deb http://http.kali/ moto main non-free contrib
deb-src http://http.kali/ moto main non-free contrib

deb http://security.kali/ moto/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.kali/ moto/updates main contrib non-free

#中科大kali源
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free

#新加坡kali源
deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib
deb http://security.kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free

#阿里云kali源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

#163 Kali源
deb http://mirrors.163/debian wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163/debian wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163/debian-security wheezy/updates main non-free contrib
#auto
deb http://http.kali/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

#中科大
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

#浙大
deb http://mirrors.zju.edu/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free

#东软大学
deb http://mirrors.neusoft.edu/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.neusoft.edu/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib

#重庆大学
deb http://http.kali/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://http.kali/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

#官方源
#deb http://http.kali/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://http.kali/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib

deb http://mirrors.aliyun/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
deb http://http.kali/kali kali-last-snapshot main non-free contrib

3、更新命令
apt-get update:检索新的包列表
apt-get upgrade:执行升级
apt-get disk-upgrade:版本升级

五、KALI不更新某个特定软件的方法

有时,我们需要对KALI的内核和软件进行全面更新,以更方便地使用。但是,更新的软件版本可能不稳定。因此,有必要对个别软件进行不更新设置。

┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# apt-mark hold nmap   #锁住nmap软件包不更新
nmap set on hold.
                                                                                                                       
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# dpkg --get-selections| grep hold   #查看已锁定的软件包
nmap                                            hold
                                                                                                                       
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# apt-mark unhold nmap   #解除锁定
Canceled hold on nmap.

(下一期预告:信息收集理论篇)

本文标签: 初学者 专题 kali