Android 调用系统分享图片、视频等文件

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目录

• 序言
• 打开文件管理器
• 分享操作
• 文件Uri转化为String

序言

一般都会集成Umeng的分享，基本的分享都可以满足，但是要想分享文件，比如pdf、doc、ppt等类型时，umeng就不能满足需求了，此时可以考虑调用系统分享，其实称为手机中可打开此文件的软件更为合适；

打开文件管理器

打开手机文件管理器直接上代码：

 	Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
    intent.setType("*/*");//设置类型，这里设置任意类型，用*代替即可。
    intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
    startActivityForResult(intent, 1);

常用的打开指定类型的文件管理器：

分享操作

1、调用可以打开此文件的所有应用

 	/**
     * 调用系统应用打开文件（系统分享）
     *
     * @param context
     * @param filePath 文件路径
     */
    public void openFileThirdApp(Context context, String filePath) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) {
            ToastUtils.getInstance().showToast("文件不存在，请重新选择");
            return;
        }
        File file = new File(filePath);
        checkFileUriExposure();

        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.fromFile(file));  
        intent.setType("*/*");   //分享文件类型
        context.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "分享"));
    }

2、分享到指定应用：
主要是通过设置Intent的ComponentName来指定应用，比如分享至微信好友：new ComponentName(“com.tencent.mm”,“com.tencent.mm.ui.tools.ShareImgUI”);

	 /**
     * 分享至指定APP
     *
     * @param context
     * @param filePath 文件路径
     * @param appType  app的type
     */
    public void shareFileForWhichApp(Context context, String filePath, int appType) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) {
            ToastUtils.getInstance().showToast("文件不存在，请重新选择");
            return;
        }
        File file = new File(filePath);
        checkFileUriExposure();
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
        if (appType == WEICHAT) {
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.tencent.mm", "com.tencent.mm.ui.tools.ShareImgUI");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
        } else if (appType == WEICHAT_CIRCE) {
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.tencent.mm", "com.tencent.mm.ui.tools.ShareToTimeLineUI");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
        } else if (appType == QQ) {
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.tencent.mobileqq", "com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.JumpActivity");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
        } else if (appType == QQ_CIRCE) {
            ComponentName comp = new ComponentName("com.qzone", "com.qzonex.module.operation.ui.QZonePublishMoodActivity");
            intent.setComponent(comp);
        }
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.fromFile(file));  //传输图片或者文件 采用流的方式
        String type = "*/*";//根据文件后缀获取分享的文件类型
        for (int i = 0; i < MATCH_ARRAY.length; i++) {
            //判断文件的格式
            if (filePath.contains(MATCH_ARRAY[i][0])) {
                type = MATCH_ARRAY[i][1];
                break;
            }
        }
        intent.setType(type);
//        intent.setType("image/*");   //分享文件
        context.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "分享"));
    }

根据二维数组获取分享文件的类型：

 private static final String[][] MATCH_ARRAY = {
            //{后缀名，    文件类型}
            {".3gp", "video/3gpp"},
            {".apk", "application/vnd.android.package-archive"},
            {".asf", "video/x-ms-asf"},
            {".avi", "video/x-msvideo"},
            {".bin", "application/octet-stream"},
            {".bmp", "image/bmp"},
            {".c", "text/plain"},
            {".class", "application/octet-stream"},
            {".conf", "text/plain"},
            {".cpp", "text/plain"},
            {".doc", "application/msword"},
            {".exe", "application/octet-stream"},
            {".gif", "image/gif"},
            {".gtar", "application/x-gtar"},
            {".gz", "application/x-gzip"},
            {".h", "text/plain"},
            {".htm", "text/html"},
            {".html", "text/html"},
            {".jar", "application/java-archive"},
            {".java", "text/plain"},
            {".jpeg", "image/jpeg"},
            {".jpg", "image/jpeg"},
            {".js", "application/x-javascript"},
            {".log", "text/plain"},
            {".m3u", "audio/x-mpegurl"},
            {".m4a", "audio/mp4a-latm"},
            {".m4b", "audio/mp4a-latm"},
            {".m4p", "audio/mp4a-latm"},
            {".m4u", "video/vnd.mpegurl"},
            {".m4v", "video/x-m4v"},
            {".mov", "video/quicktime"},
            {".mp2", "audio/x-mpeg"},
            {".mp3", "audio/x-mpeg"},
            {".mp4", "video/mp4"},
            {".mpc", "application/vnd.mpohun.certificate"},
            {".mpe", "video/mpeg"},
            {".mpeg", "video/mpeg"},
            {".mpg", "video/mpeg"},
            {".mpg4", "video/mp4"},
            {".mpga", "audio/mpeg"},
            {".msg", "application/vnd.ms-outlook"},
            {".ogg", "audio/ogg"},
            {".pdf", "application/pdf"},
            {".png", "image/png"},
            {".pps", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},
            {".ppt", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},
            {".prop", "text/plain"},
            {".rar", "application/x-rar-compressed"},
            {".rc", "text/plain"},
            {".rmvb", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},
            {".rtf", "application/rtf"},
            {".sh", "text/plain"},
            {".tar", "application/x-tar"},
            {".tgz", "application/x-compressed"},
            {".txt", "text/plain"},
            {".wav", "audio/x-wav"},
            {".wma", "audio/x-ms-wma"},
            {".wmv", "audio/x-ms-wmv"},
            {".wps", "application/vnd.ms-works"},
            {".xml", "text/plain"},
            {".z", "application/x-compress"},
            {".zip", "application/zip"},
            {"", "*/*"}
    };

调用分享前必须执行下面的方法，否则会报如下说的错误

  /**
     * 分享前必须执行本代码，主要用于兼容SDK18以上的系统
     * 否则会报android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:///xxx.pdf exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()
     */
    private void checkFileUriExposure() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) {
            StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder builder = new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder();
            StrictMode.setVmPolicy(builder.build());
            builder.detectFileUriExposure();
        }
    }

文件Uri转化为String

我在使用过程中遇到，从微信下载的路径（内部存储/tencent/MicroMsg/Download）选择的pdf、doc文件时报java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: column ‘_data’ does not exist错误；
但是当我将文件移动位置（内部存储/tencent/MicroMsg/WeiXin）就不会报错，选择其他图片都没问题，暂时没找到原因

public String getPathFromUri(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
        final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
        // DocumentProvider
        if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
            // ExternalStorageProvider
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];
                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }
            }
            // DownloadsProvider
            else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {

                final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                        Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            }
            // MediaProvider
            else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                final String type = split[0];

                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }

                final String selection = "_id=?";
                final String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{
                        split[1]
                };

                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        }
        // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
            return uri.getPath();
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
     * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
     *
     * @param context       The context.
     * @param uri           The Uri to query.
     * @param selection     (Optional) Filter used in the query.
     * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
     * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
     */
    private String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                 String[] selectionArgs) {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        final String column = "_data";
        final String[] projection = {
                column
        };
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                    null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(column_index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    private boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    private boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    private boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

好了，使用以上方法可以进行文件分享了，可以愉快的去开发了。。。。

本文标签： 文件 系统 图片 视频 Android