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Windows系统默认值：
单DNS请求发起者-单网卡-单DNS服务器下：
The behavior is the following (tested on Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 8 clients with a single NIC):
| Time (seconds since start) | Action |
|---|---|
| 0 | Client queries the DNS server |
| 1 | If no response is received after 1 second, client queries again the DNS server |
| 2 | If no response is received after 1 more second, client queries again the DNS server |
| 4 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client queries again the DNS server |
| 8 | If no response is received after 4 more seconds, client queries again the DNS server |
| 10 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client stops querying |
Any Name Error response by the DNS server will cause the process to stop – client doesn’t retry if the response was negative.
In this scenario, the client is then trying to query the same DNS server 5 times before timing out.
- Example
Windows 8 Client with a single DNS servers configured, querying for Microsoft
Ipconfig on the client
IPv4 Address… … … . . : 10.0.0.31(Preferred)
DNS Servers … … … . . : 10.0.0.1
Network Monitor output
Time Time Offset TimeDelta Source Dest Details
6:23:33.8063812 0.0000000 0.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xA5B4, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:23:34.8026943 0.9963131 0.9963131 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xA5B4, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:23:35.8042696 1.9978884 1.0015753 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xA5B4, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:23:37.8184257 4.0120445 2.0141561 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xA5B4, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:23:41.8394589 8.0330777 4.0210332 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xA5B4, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
XP系统-双DNS服务器-单网卡：
What is the default behavior of a Windows XP DNS client when two DNS servers are configured on the NIC?
The behavior is the following (tested on Windows XP clients with a single NIC):
| Time (seconds since start) | Action |
|---|---|
| 0 | Client queries the first DNS server of the list |
| 1 | If no response is received after 1 second, client queries the second DNS server of the list and at the same time queries again the first DNS server |
| 3 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client queries again the first DNS server |
| 7 | If no response is received after 4 more seconds, client queries again the first DNS server |
| 9 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client stops querying |
Any Name Error response by any of the DNS servers will cause the process to stop – client doesn’t retry with the next server if the response was negative. Client tries new servers only if the previous are unreachable.
In this scenario, the client is then trying to query mostly the first DNS server, and the secondary just once.
- Example
Windows XP Client with two DNS servers configured querying for Microsoft
Ipconfig on the client
IPv4 Address… … … . . : 10.0.0.31(Preferred)
DNS Servers … … … . . : 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2
Network Monitor output
Time Time Offset TimeDelta Source Dest Details
6:39:09.8013750 0.0000000 0.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0x1960, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:39:10.8013750 1.0000000 1.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0x1960, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:39:10.8013750 1.0000000 0.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0x1960, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:39:12.8013750 3.0000000 2.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0x1960, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:39:16.8013750 7.0000000 4.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0x1960, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
Win7或Win8系统-2个DNS服务器-单网卡：
What is the default behavior of a Windows 7 or Windows 8 DNS client when two DNS servers are configured on the NIC?
The behavior is the following (tested on Windows 7 and Windows 8 clients with a single NIC):
| Time (seconds since start) | Action |
|---|---|
| 0 | Client queries the first DNS server of the list |
| 1 | If no response is received after 1 second, client queries the second DNS server of the list |
| 2 | If no response is received after 1 more second, client queries again the second DNS server of the list |
| 4 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client queries all the servers in the list at the same time |
| 8 | If no response is received after 4 more seconds, client queries all the servers in the list at the same time |
| 10 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client stops querying |
Any Name Error response by any of the DNS servers will cause the process to stop – client doesn’t retry with the next server if the response was negative. Client tries new servers only if the previous are unreachable.
Example
Windows 8 Client with two DNS servers configured querying for Microsoft
Ipconfig on the client
IPv4 Address… … … . . : 10.0.0.31(Preferred)
DNS Servers … … … . . : 10.0.0.1,10.0.0.2
Network Monitor output
Time Time Offset TimeDelta Source Dest Details
6:28:12.5060330 0.0000000 0.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0x7B1C, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:28:13.5129164 1.0068834 1.0068834 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0x7B1C, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:28:14.5124283 2.0063953 0.9995119 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0x7B1C, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:28:16.5288823 4.0228493 2.0164540 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0x7B1C, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:28:16.5289050 4.0228720 0.0000227 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0x7B1C, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:28:20.5582196 8.0521866 4.0293146 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0x7B1C, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
6:28:20.5582475 8.0522145 0.0000279 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0x7B1C, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
三台以上的DNS服务器状况：
What is the default behavior of a DNS client when three or more DNS servers are configured on the NIC?
How many of them are used and what are the timeouts?
The behavior is the following (tested on Windows XP, Windows 7 and Windows 8 clients with a single NIC):
| Time (seconds since start) | Action |
|---|---|
| 0 | Client queries the first DNS server of the list |
| 1 | If no response is received after 1 second, client queries the second DNS server of the list |
| 2 | If no response is received after 1 more second, client queries the third DNS server of the list |
| 4 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client queries all the servers in the list at the same time |
| 8 | If no response is received after 4 more seconds, client queries again all the servers in the list at the same time |
| 10 | If no response is received after 2 more seconds, client stops querying |
Any Name Error response by any of the DNS servers will cause the process to stop – client doesn’t retry with the next server if the response was negative. Client tries new servers only if the previous are unreachable.
If the only reachable server is in position 4 or higher, we have an expected delay of at least 4 seconds after the original query before actually trying it. This can cause issues if the application that has requested the DNS resolution has an application resolution timeout lower than this value. The only way to have this server queried earlier will be to set it in the first three positions.
Example
Client with 5 DNS servers configured querying for Microsoft
Ipconfig on the client
IPv4 Address… … … . . : 10.0.0.31(Preferred)
DNS Servers … … … . . : 10.0.0.1，10.0.0.2，10.0.0.3，10.0.0.4，10.0.0.5
- Network Monitor output
Time Time Offset TimeDelta Source Dest Details
9:50:19.4165728 0.0000000 0.0000000 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:20.4030068 0.9864340 0.9864340 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:21.4053190 1.9887462 1.0023122 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.3 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:23.4022371 3.9856643 1.9969181 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:23.4022575 3.9856847 0.0000204 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:23.4022646 3.9856918 0.0000071 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.3 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:23.4023130 3.9857402 0.0000484 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.4 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:23.4023347 3.9857619 0.0000217 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.5 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:27.4113578 7.9947850 4.0090231 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.1 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:27.4113788 7.9948060 0.0000210 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.2 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:27.4113860 7.9948132 0.0000072 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.3 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:27.4113932 7.9948204 0.0000072 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.4 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
9:50:27.4114034 7.9948306 0.0000102 10.0.0.31 10.0.0.5 DNS:QueryId = 0xE2A2, QUERY (Standard query), Query for microsoft of type Host Addr on class Internet
转载地址：https://support.microsoft/id-id/help/2834226/net-dns-dns-client-resolution-timeouts
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