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2023年12月22日发(作者:setvisible)

英语中所有动词短语和短语动词在英语中,有动词和小品词(up, down, in, out, on, off, over, away)构成的动词短语很多,有时很难猜出它们的意义,笔者收集了常见的动词短语, 通过分析小品词的意义,对这一类的短语进行分类,找出它们的规律,以便更好地掌握它们, 注意有些短语意义很接近, 这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。1. up1) 向上(toward or into a higher position)lift ~ 举起climb ~ 爬上come ~ 上升get ~ 起来stand ~ 站起来pick ~ 检起draw ~ 升起grow ~ 长大hand ~

拖起put ~ 举起send ~ 使上升rise ~ 升起look ~ 抬起头zip ~ 拉上hold ~

举起pile ~ 堆起dig ~挖出take ~ 拿起build ~ 树立set ~ 建立2) 完成,结束(expressing completeness and finality)

finish ~ 完成drink ~ 喝干eat ~ 吃光burn ~ 烧光wash ~ 洗净use ~ 用光fill ~ 装满pay ~ 付清settle ~ 解决lick ~ 甜净sum ~ 总结,open ~ 透露end ~ 结束let ~ 中止, 减少draw ~ 停止close ~ 停止,关闭swallow ~ 吞没beat ~ 痛打cover ~ 掩盖break ~ 结束,分解wind ~ 结束3) 离开,消灭(expressing separation and destroy)

break ~ 拆开,驱散cut ~ 切碎split ~ 分裂divide ~ 分割smash ~ 捣毁blow

~ 炸毁wither ~ 枯死tear ~ 撕碎give ~ 放弃fold ~ 垮台dry ~ 枯竭,干涸crack ~ 撞坏clutter ~ 使散乱litter ~ 乱丢杂物4) 增加,变强(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and

degree.

(1). mount ~ 增加pick ~ 振作,加快pluck ~ 振作turn ~ 开打,开大, 出现shake ~ 震惊steam ~ 使发怒stir ~ 激起,搅起ease ~ 放松warm ~ 兴奋speak ~ 大声说heat ~ 变热total ~ 加总tense ~ 紧张gather ~ 收集speed

~ 加速screw ~ 振作build ~ 增大show ~ 显现cheer ~ 振作起来stir ~ 刺激work ~ 激动,刺激(2). 用在带"-en"后缀的动词后(used after the verbs with suffix of -en)brighten ~ 发亮fatten ~ 发胖freshen ~使新鲜harden ~变硬sharpen ~ 变快smarten ~ 变精明strengthen ~ 加强sweeten ~ 变甜tighten ~ 使紧密toughen ~ 使强壮soften ~ 变软5). 变好,改善( as to be better and proper)bring ~ 抚育check ~ 核对clear ~

清理,晴天clean ~ 整理do ~ 整理patch ~ 修理polish ~ 擦亮, 改进light ~

点亮tune ~ 调整tidy ~ 整理rub ~ 擦亮train ~ 训练,培养make ~ 化装,

和解, 弥补buy ~ 囤积figure ~ 计算fix ~ 修理,整理take ~ 从事6) 关住,锁紧,固定住(firmly, tightly and closely)

shut ~ 关闭lock ~ 锁住tie ~ 栓住chain ~ 锁住nail ~ 钉住fasten ~ 系住pin ~ 钉住bind ~ 装订bar ~ 关住block ~ 堵塞choke ~ 堵塞save ~ 存起

来store ~ 贮藏stock ~ 储存cover ~ 掩盖wrap ~ 包住lay ~ 储存hold ~

延误keep ~ 坚持7) 向说话人的方向(to the place where the speaker is)go ~ run ~ rush ~ drive ~ walk ~ catch ~ swim ~ march ~ come ~

2. down1) 向下的位置(to or into a lower position)cast ~ 扔下cut ~砍倒get ~ 下来hand ~ 传下来knock ~ 撞倒lay ~ 放下let ~ 放下pour ~ 倾盆而下pull ~ 拉下set ~ 放下sit ~ 坐下step ~ 走下来throw ~ 扔下turn ~ 拆下take ~ 取下blow ~ 吹倒bring ~ 打倒hang ~ 垂下sink ~ 沉落slip ~ 失足squat ~ 蹲下swallow ~ 吞下stoop ~ 伏身splash ~ 飞溅而下touch ~ 降落bend ~ 弯下bow ~ 鞠躬kneel ~ 跪下lie ~

躺下strip ~ 脱下2) 减少(强度,量和体积)(a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk)

dwindle ~ 减少die ~ 变弱,逐渐停止go ~ 平静下来mark ~ 削减hold ~ 压低burn ~ (火)减弱, 烧坏slow ~ 慢下来burn ~ 烧掉wash ~ 冲淡clean ~ 弄干净rub ~ 擦干净bring ~ 降低keep ~ 缩减trim ~ 裁减water ~ 冲淡thin

~ 减少run ~ 用光衰弱wear ~ 削减,磨损come ~ 下跌knock ~ 降价3) 停止,减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power)

close ~ 关闭drop ~ 突然停止break ~ 坏了,中止run ~ 停止settle ~ 平静下来cool ~ 冷静下来turn ~ 拒绝die ~ 停止lay ~ 失望put ~ 镇压4) 紧紧地,牢牢地(firmly, tightly) fasten ~ 系牢chain ~ 链住,栓住clamp ~ 夹住nail ~ 钉住pin ~ 扣牢hammer ~ 钉上tie ~ 栓住bind ~ 捆绑draw ~ 停下来5) 写下,记下(on paper or in writing) write ~ 写下copy ~ 抄下note ~ 记下take ~ 记下put ~ 记下get ~ 记下have ~ 写下3 on1) 继续(continuously)

carry ~ drive ~ fight ~ hold ~ keep ~ live ~ sleep ~ sing ~ walk ~ go ~ hurry ~

move ~ read ~ follow ~ struggle ~ insist ~ 坚持2) 连上,固定住,(in or into a state of being connected)

act ~ 对…起作用catch ~ 抓牢come ~ 跟随count ~ 依赖draw ~ 带上,穿上fasten ~ 纠缠,抓牢fit ~ 固定get ~ 接近paste ~ 粘住turn ~ 打开switch

~ 打开pin ~ 钉住put ~ 穿上try ~ 试穿pull ~ 穿上hang ~ 不挂断build ~

建立于leave ~ 留住take ~ 穿下rely ~ 依靠depend ~ 依靠3) 向前,向上(forward, onward)

add ~ 加上mark ~ 标上paint ~ 漆上press ~ 向前pass ~ 传递send ~ 转送stamp ~ 盖章于get ~ 上车hand ~ 传送

4) 开始某活动(in or into an active operation)

work ~ 从事fall ~ 攻击hit ~ 突然向起bring ~ 引起get ~ 取得进展look ~

旁观, 观看call ~ 拜访figure ~ 打算,希望fix ~ 决心get ~ 进步, 友好相处pick ~ 批评plan ~ 打算decide ~ 决定reflect ~ 思考, 反思remark ~ 评论,议论settle ~ 决定spur ~ 鼓励urge ~ 督促4. off

1) 离开(indicating departure)blow ~ 吹掉drive ~ 击退get ~ 下车,动身lift

~ 离开地面make ~ 逃走move ~ 离去pack ~ 打发走see ~ 送行ship ~ 运往start ~ 动身send ~ 送行,解雇call ~ 叫走let ~ 放出take ~ 起飞touch

~ 发射give ~ 发出clear ~ 走开carry ~ 夺走2) 去掉,断开(indicating removal or disconnection)

cut ~ 切断tear ~ 扯掉take ~ 拿走chip ~ 切下come ~ 脱落cross ~ 除去drop ~ 跌落fall ~ 脱落flick ~ 弹掉peel ~ 剥掉pull ~ 撕开rub ~ 擦掉scrape ~ 挂去shave ~ 剃去wash ~ 洗掉shake ~ 抖落throw ~ 扔开rip ~

扯开turn ~ 关掉strip ~ 脱去switch ~ 关掉take ~ 脱掉shut ~ 关掉wear

~ 磨损go ~ 爆炸break ~ 中断3) 完成,停止(indicating completion)

finish ~ 结束pay ~ 付清break ~ 停止,中断send ~ 结束leave ~ 停止pass

~ 终止,停止sign ~ 停止播音wear ~ 消失,write ~ 注销,购销bring ~ 完成call ~ 取消lay ~ 停止, 解雇4) 着地(down to the ground)

fall ~ 落下jump ~ 跳下knock ~ 击倒slip ~ 滑倒5. in

1) 进入,向里(into, inside, indoors)

barge ~ 闯入beat ~ 打进break ~ 闯入,插嘴breathe ~ 吸入burst ~ 闯入,打断drop ~ 偶然拜访fall ~ 跌入get ~ 插入,收进knock ~ 打入lead ~ 导入let ~ 进入,嵌入move ~ 迁入step ~ 走进settle ~ 迁入smuggle ~ 偷偷运进cut ~ 插嘴call ~ 来访draw ~ (火车)进站intervene ~ 介入involve ~

卷入2) 包围,关闭(to be surrounded, or enclosed)

close ~ 包围,封闭lock ~ 禁闭shut ~ 关进wall ~ 围住3) 加入,记入(to be added, or included)

book ~ 登记check ~ 签到count ~ 记入fill ~ 填入hand ~ 交上take ~ 吸收send ~ 呈交6. out1) 向外(away from the inside, outside)keep ~ 使在外take ~ 拿出put ~ 放出,伸出come ~ 长出,bring ~拿出bar

~关在外breathe ~ 呼吸出eat ~ 出去吃get ~ 弄出go ~ 出去lay ~ 摆开,展示lock ~ 关在外面look ~ 向外看move ~ 搬出point ~指出pour ~ 诉说pull ~ 拉出ship ~ 运出stick ~伸出spit ~ 吐出beat ~ 敲出knock ~ 敲出

dine ~ 外出吃饭drive ~ 驾车外出leak ~ 漏出draw ~ 拉出see ~ 送出门去draw ~ 出站let ~ 放出, 释放2) 结束,消失,取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist)

burn ~ 烧尽,烧断clear ~ 清除dust ~ 清除fade ~ 消失put ~ 扑灭run ~ 用完use ~ 耗尽give ~ 耗尽comb ~ 淘汰kick ~ 逐出wipe ~ 消灭die ~ 灭绝rub ~ 擦掉blot ~ 除去blow ~ 吹熄bleach ~ 漂白carry ~ 完成,执行leave ~ 省去see ~ 完成go ~ 熄灭come ~ 罢工,结果cut ~ 删去,停止hold

~ 坚持到底sell ~ 买完tire ~ 筋疲力尽wear ~ 磨损3) 大声(in a loud voice, aloud)sing ~ cry ~ shout ~ call ~ ,喊,申斥spell ~ speak ~ scream ~ read ~ yell ~ sob

~ burst ~ 咆哮4) 分发,传开(to a number of people or in all directions)

give ~ 分发spread ~ 传开set ~ 出发hand ~ 分发share ~ 分配divide ~ 分配call ~ 出动start ~ 出发send ~ 发送break ~ 爆发,逃脱serve ~ 分发口粮drop ~ 离开,退出5) 搞清,弄明白(in or into notice and clearness)

find ~ 找出figure ~ 算出,解决make ~ 弄清count ~ 点清come ~ 出版,出现catch ~ 看出carry ~ 完成,bear ~ 证明bring ~ 发表,说出fill ~ 使完全,

添满write ~ 写出7. over1) 向下(downwards from an upright position)

knock ~ 撞倒turn ~ 翻转fall ~ 脸朝下跌倒trip ~ 拌倒bend ~ 伏身look ~

从…上面看2) 自始至终,通过, 重复(from beginning to end, through, again and again)

look ~ 调查think ~ 考虑see ~ 查看run ~ 匆匆看talk ~ 商量call ~ 点名read ~ 读一遍go ~ 复习do ~ 重复glance ~ 浏览skip ~ 略过ponder ~ 思考3) 向上,向外,(indicating motion upwards or outwards)

run ~ 溢出spill ~ 溢出boil ~ 因沸溢出throw ~ 呕吐所有短语动词look out (for)小心watch out (for)小心wear(sb)out 使疲劳;劳累leave out 省去;遗漏;忽略work out(well)很成功;结果是好的turn out 生产;证明是put out 扑灭;生产;出版;赶走take out 拿出pull out 拉出;掏出;拔出;抽出;取出;(车,船)驶出pick out 选出;领会;弄明白

pay out 付出;得到报应make out 看清;理解;断定keep out 把…挡在外边hold out 伸出;支撑;提出hand out 分发;施舍go out (灯、火)熄灭;(年、月)结束;(衣着)过时;倒塌;罢工carry out (the plan / the policy)实施;执行break out 爆发give out 发出(气味、热)等;分发;耗尽;疲劳check out 结账离开call out 大声叫喊drop out 辍学;掉落come out 出来;花开放;出版;得…名次get out (使)出去;逃脱;(消息等)泄露;说出;公布think out 想出let out 泄漏(机密);发出(喊叫)point out 指出blow up 告吹;发脾气;(风雨)等发生break up 破碎;结束;(士气)衰弱;(关系)破裂bring up 培养;养育;呕吐call up 给…打电话;使人想起come up 走近;发芽;提出来;出现(问题;建议);上楼cover up 掩盖;包庇cut up 切碎;使…难过get up 起床;起立;(风、浪、火)大起来;打扮;安排;组织check up=check through=check over 核对;检查give up 放弃;把…送交;使埋头于… go up 上升;涨价;修建;增长hang up / off 挂起;挂断电话hold up 举起;竖起;支撑;使停顿;使延误keep up 保持;继续(某活动)look up 抬头看;查阅;看望;(身体)好转make up 弥补;赔偿;编造;组成;虚构pull up 拔出;拔掉;使车停住;停车pick up 举起;拾起;(身体)好转;中途接入;(非正式)学会;偶然发现/买到/得知/养成习惯等wind up 上紧(钟表)发条;使紧张;兴奋;结束put up 举起;盖起;支起;张贴;投宿shut up 关门;关在里面;闭嘴show up=turn up 露面take up 着手;占有(时间,空间)turn up 出现;放大(灯光,收音机,煤气等)work up 激发(情感)wrap up 席卷而去;包起来

think up 想出use up 用完make up 化妆;编造save up 节省eat up 吃光stay up / sit up 熬夜不睡觉light up 照亮;(脸上)呈现高兴的情绪look up 抬头看;查找;好转blow off 吹掉;埋怨;炸掉break off 突然中断;停止;与…断绝关系call off 叫走;取消carry off 夺走;抢走;获得奖品;叼走come off 脱落;举行;结果cut off 切下;剪下;切断cross off/out 勾掉;划掉die off 相继死去fall off 跌落;减少;脱落;衰退knock off 撞落;撞倒get off 下来;下车;脱下(衣服);(飞机)起飞give off 发出;放出go off (to…)熄灭;动身去某地;炸锅hang off / back 忧郁;畏缩hold off 推迟;抵挡;不使…接近keep off 避开;防止;挡住leave off 停止;中断pay off 还清;偿还掉put off 推迟;延期shut off 关掉;切断电源take off 脱下;起飞turn off 关掉;切断;取消wipe off 擦掉;还清(债务)blow down 吹倒;吹落break down 出故障;失败;崩溃;分解bring down 使下降;使泄气come down 下来;下降cut down 减少开支;砍倒die down (风、雨、火、植物,浪)平息fall down 落下;跌到;倒塌;失败;证明是不行的go down (价格)下降;(日、月)落下;(风、浪)平静;(船)下沉;倒闭hand down 递给;传递下来;世代相传hold down 制止;控制;缩减put down 写下;记下;镇压;放下shut down (指工厂)关闭;停工

take down 记下来;取下来;拆除;咽下turn down 拒绝;关小;调低let sb down 使… 失望bring about 导致;产生;发生come about 产生;造成hang about/around 闲逛;逗留;徘徊check over 核对;检查come over 走过来take over 接管;接替;继承think over 仔细考虑;思考一下turn over 翻开;翻身;移交go over 越过;细看;复习;转向;被翻倒get over 爬过(山、墙);克服(困难、偏见)熬过;从…恢复过来;做完;览look over one‘s shoulder 看过去roll over 翻滚;翻身fall over 绊了一跤take away 拿走get away (from)逃脱;离开;出发;把…送走;寄走blow away 吹走;吹散break away from 脱离(政党)等;放弃;打破(陈规)carry away 运走;使失去自制力die away (风、声音)减弱give away 分发;赠送;出卖;放弃(机会)等go away 走开;离去;(岁月)流逝;死去keep away from… 使避开;使远离pass away 去世;消失;度过put away 把…收起来;存好;放置暂时不用run away 逃走;携带…逃走fade away 褪色;慢慢褪去wash away 洗掉;(洪水)冲垮stay away from 离… 远点shy away from 退出;躲避bring back 拿回;使…回想起call back / ring back 回电话turn back 回来get back 回来;恢复;要回;带回fight back 反击put back 放回原处;拨回时钟;延期推迟take back 收回kick back 踢回pay back 偿还write back 回信give back 归还;送回;恢复;后退浏

come back to life 恢复健康look back on… 回忆;回顾throw back 扔回去draw back 后退其他常用词组(to为介词)object to 反对attend to 办理;处理;注意听;照顾look forward to 期待;盼望be opposed to 反对devote… to 贡献给… stick to 坚持lead to 导致pay attention to 注意到be related to 与…有关be limited to 限制到… be applied to 应用于… see to 注意做到;务必做到;refer to 提到;指的是turn to 翻到;求助于… 负责


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