2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解12:P字部(二)含答案

2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解

专题十二 P字部（二）

1. post

v.邮寄，寄出；n.邮递；邮件

动词用法：post sb. sth.=post sth. (off) to sb.给某人邮件某物：

Did you remember to post the card to my parents? 你记得给我父母寄那张卡片了吗？

名词用法：

1表示“邮政，邮递”，指邮政系统；post office邮局；by post通过邮寄方式。例如： ○The winners will be notified by post. 将以邮件形式通知获奖者。

2表示“邮件”，为不可数名词： ○Was there any post for me today? 今天有我的邮件吗？

词性转换：postal adj.邮政的，邮局的；poster n.海报；postage n.邮资，邮费

关联单词：postcard n.明信片；postman n.邮递员

（2019，安徽卷，阅读A）In Vanuatu, you'll find the world's only underwater post office in the capital, Port Villa.

2. practice

n.练习

用法：

1表示“实践；实际行动”，只作不可数名词，与“理论”相对。常用put sth. into practice结构。例如： ○She's decided to put her new ideas into practice. 她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。

2表示“训练，练习”，目的是提高技巧。例如： ○She does an hour's piano practice every day. 她每天练一小时钢琴。

词性转换：practise v.练习，实践：practise为英式拼写，在美式拼写中，动词形式也是practice；动词practise可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，常见搭配有practise (for) sth.，practise doing sth.等。例如：

Today we’re going to practise parking. 今天我们要练习停车。

（2019，浙江卷，词汇运用）

43. You'll forget the dancing skills easily ______________ (除非) you practice them often

3. prepare

v.准备，预备；调制，配制

用法：

1表示“准备，制备”，对象为食物、物品、文件或节目等，为及物动词。例如： ○When we got home, Mom was busy preparing dinner. 我们到家时妈妈正忙着准备晚餐。

2表示“（为……）做准备，筹备”，指制定计划或作出安排；后面可接for sth.或to do sth.结构。例如： ○Her parents were preparing for the holiday. 她的父母正在为度假做准备。

Her parents were preparing to go on holiday. 她的父母正在准备度假。

词性转换：preparation n. 准备，预备；调制，配制；prepared adj.有准备的；准备好的：常用be prepared for sth./to

do sth.结构。例如：

You have to be prepared to take risks in this kind of work. 做这种工作你必须准备好承担风险。

（2019，山东卷，完形）

You can ____13____ prepare some small gifts for the spouse (配偶) or kids of the host.

13. A. too B. also C. either

4. present

n.礼物；现在；adj.在场的，出席的

名词用法：

1表示“礼物，赠品”，birthday/Christmas/wedding presents 生日/圣诞节/结婚礼物；其后常接for sb.： ○I’m looking for a present for Mark. 我在找一份礼物送给马克。

2表示“现在，目前”，常用短语为at present现在，目前。例如： ○The future is all I have at present.

形容词用法：

1表示“出席的，到场的”，常接介词at/in： ○There were 200 people present at the meeting. 有200人出席会议。

2表示“现在的，当前的”： ○We do not have any more information at the present time. 目前我们没有进一步的消息。

词性转换：presence n.出席，参加

同义词：gift n.礼物

反义词：absent adj.缺席的，不在的

（2019，山东卷，完形）

Written Chinese has also become an important method to c 74 China’s present with its past.

5. prevent

v.阻止，防止，预防

用法：prevent为及物动词，常用结构为prevent sb./sth. (from doing sth.)：

The accident could have been prevented. 这次事故本来是可以防止的。

Nothing would prevent him from speaking out his idea. 没有什么能阻止他说出自己的意见。

词性转换：prevention n.预防，阻止，妨碍；preventive adj.预防的，防止的

（2019，北京卷，阅读D）

31 The ease of accessing information from the Internet ·.

A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

C. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

D. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

6. primary

adj.初等的，初级的；首要的，主要的

关联词组：primary school小学；primary education初等教育；primary goal首要目标

用法：

1表示“小学教育的，初级的”。例如：a primary teacher一名小学老师 ○2表示“首要的，主要的”，相当于main或most important；多用于名词前： ○Personal safety is of primary importance. 人身安全至关重要。

词性转换：primarily adv.首先；主要地，根本上

（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）

4. Last month the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the “Ten Years of Growth Ceremony” to celebrate

10th birthday together.

A. they B. their C. them D. theirs

7. prison

n.监狱，看守所

用法：常用搭配有in prison、send sb. to prison、put sb. in(to) prison等。例如：

He was sent to prison for five years. 他被关押了五年。

They’ll probably put him in prison for a long time. 他们很可能会让他在监狱里待很长时间。

关联单词：prisoner n.囚犯；imprison v.监禁；禁锢

（2019，湖北卷，句子填空）

75. The thieves _______ (偷) many things from the supermarket and were put into prison.

8. private

adj.私人的；私有的

关联词组：in private私下地；秘密地；private life私生活；private school私立学校；private car私人汽车

用法：

1表示“私有的，私用的,个人的”，通常置于名词前面。例如： ○The hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with private bathrooms. 这家旅馆有110间客房，各有独立卫生间。

2表示“私下的，秘密的”，例如： ○I need to have a private discussion with you. 我得和你私下讨论。

3表示“私立的，私营的”，与public相对。例如： ○private banks/companies/schools 私营银行/公司；私立学校

词性转换：privately adv.私下地；秘密地

（2019，安徽卷，完形）

They suggest trying _____35_____ things and practicing conversation.

35. A. new B. private C. awful D. heavy

9. prize

n.奖赏，奖品

关联词组：first prize一等奖；prize winner得奖者；the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖

用法：常搭配的介词为for，动词有award（授予），win等。例如：

He received a prize for excellence in mathematics.他因数学成绩优秀而获了奖。

She was awarded the Nobel Peace prize. 她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。

（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of weak radio sources, and

they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974.

10. produce

v.生产，制造；产生，引起，造成

用法：

1表示“生产，制造；创作”，相当于make。例如： ○a factory that produces toys玩具制造厂

2表示“引起，造成，产生”，相当于cause，bring about等。例如： ○As a policy, it did not produce the best result. 作为一项政策，它并未产生最好的结果。

词性转换：production n.生产；成果；productive adj.多产的；productivity n.生产力

（2019，北京卷，阅读D）The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（健康）depends upon, such as

food and energy, would produce terrible results.

11. progress

n.进度，进展，进步

关联词组：economic progress经济发展；social progress社会进步；in progress正在进行；scientific progress科学进展；technical progress技术进步

用法：不可数名词，表示“进步，进展，进程”，常用于make progress in的结构。例如：

We have made great progress in controlling population. 我们在控制人口方面取得了巨大进展。

词性转换：progressive adj.先进的，进步的；进行的progressively adv.渐进地

（2019，浙江卷，词汇运用）

39. At the meeting the boss ____________ (赞扬) John for the progress he made.

12. promise

n.&v.答应，承诺

关联词组：make a promise允诺；keep a promise遵守诺言；break a promise违反诺言

名词用法：表示“保证，承诺，诺言”，是可数名词；常用结构有promise of sth.；promise to sb.；promise to do sth.；promise that等。例如：

She made a promise to visit them once a month.她答应每个月去看他们一次。

动词用法：表示“许诺，保证，答应”，常见结构有promise sb. sth.=promise sth. to sb.许诺某人某事；promise (sb.) that承诺（某人）……；promise to do sth.承诺做某事。例如：

“Promise me you won’t do anything stupid.”-“I promise.” “答应我你不会做蠢事。” “我答应。”

She’s promised to do all she can to help. 她答应尽力帮忙。

词性转换：promising adj.有希望的，有前途的；promisingly adv.充满希望地

（2019，北京卷，短文阅读）

My plan wasn’t to make promises to do things I couldn’t ___14___ but to show my class why I wanted to be president.

14. A. compare B. remember C. manage D. repeat

13. proper

adj.恰当的，合适的

用法：

1表示“正确的，合适的，适当的，恰当的”，仅用于名词前。例如： ○Everything was in its proper place每样东西都放在恰当的位置。

2表示“合理的，得体的，合适的”，可用于it is proper (for sb.) to do sth.结构。例如： ○It is not proper for me to give you that information.我把那资料给你不合适。

词性转换：properly adv.适当地，恰当地

近义词：suitable adj.合适的，适当的

反义词：improper adj.不正确的；不适当的

（2019，江苏卷，阅读D）How are we ever going to win anything at the Inter-School Athletics without proper training?

14. protect

v.保护

用法：常用搭配有protect sb./sth. from sth.防止发生……；protect sb./sth. against sth.保护免受……等。例如：

The cover protects the machine from dust. 罩子可以防止灰尘落进机器。

Physical exercise can protect you against heart disease. 体育锻炼可以预防心脏病。

词性转换：protection n.保护，方位；protective adj.防护的；protector n.保护者，保护器

（2019，山东卷，动词应用）But in protecting himself, he lost control of the bus and a tragedy (悲剧) happened.

15. proud

adj.自豪的，骄傲的

用法：常用搭配有be proud of sth.以……为豪；因……感到骄傲；proud to do/be sth.为做/成为……感到自豪；proud+

that从句。例如：

Her parents are very proud of her. 她的父母深以她为荣。

I feel very proud to be a part of the team. 能成为队中的一员我感到十分荣幸。

She was proud that the magazine had agreed to publish her story. 那家杂志同意刊登她的小说，她很得意。

词性转换：proudly adv.傲慢地，自负地，洋洋得意地；pride n.骄傲，自豪（感）：take pride in sth.以……为豪。例如：She took great pride in her appearance. 她对自己的外貌引以为傲。

（2019，湖北卷，单项填空）

26. — She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition.

— I’m proud of her. I wish her a great .

A. speed B. method C. pressure D. success

（2019，北京，阅读B）When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.

16. prove

v.证明，证实

词形变化：过去式proved，过去分词proved或proven

用法：prove sth. to sb.向某人证明某事；prove+ that/wh-从句；prove sb. +adj.（比如wrong等）。例如：

I know he did it, but I can’t prove it to Mom. 我知道是他干的，不过我没法向妈妈证明。

This proves (that) I was right. 这证明我是对的。

They say I’m too old, but I’m going to prove them all wrong. 他们说我太老了，不过我要证明他们全都错了。

词性转换：proof n.证据

（2019，江苏卷，阅读C）

32. Why did the writer quote (引用) Jim Rohn's words in Paragraph 1?

A. To support the writer's opinion. B. To introduce the writer's best friend.

C. To show Jim Rohn's working ability. D. To prove Jim Rohn is a great person.

17. provide

v.提供，供应，供给

用法：provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物

We are here to provide a service for the public. 我们来这里是为公众服务。

We are here to provide the public with a service. 我们来这里是为公众服务。

词性转换：provision n.供应品；provider n.供应者

（2019，山东卷，单项填空）

17. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _________about 570 million children.

A. with B. for C. towards

18. public

n.公众；adj.公共的；公众的，大众的；公开的

名词用法：

1表示“民众，大众，公众”，常用the (general) public形式，如果做主语，其后的谓语动词一般用复数。例如： ○The palace is now open to the public. 这座宫殿现在向大众开放了。

The public have a right to know the truth. 民众有权了解真相。

2短语in public表示“公开地，当众”，与之相对的是in private。例如： ○Her husband was always nice to her in public. 她丈夫在公开场合总是对她很好。

形容词用法：

1表示“大众的，公众的”，仅用于名词前，泛指普通人。例如： ○Pollution from the factory may be a danger to public health. 工厂的污染可能危及大众的健康。

2表示“公共的，公用的”，仅用于名词前，指设施。例如： ○a public telephone 公用电话；a public library 公共图书馆

3表示“公开的”，与隐秘相对。例如： ○Details of the government report have not yet been made public. 政府报告的细节尚未公布。

词性转换：publicly adv.公然地；以公众名义；publicity n.宣传；公开；publiciz(s)e v.宣传，公开

反义词：private adj.私人的；私下的；私有的

（2019年，山东卷，单项填空）

3. As middle school students, we follow the public rules wherever we go．

A. would B. should C. might D. could

19. punish

v.惩罚，处罚

用法：常用的搭配有punish sb. for (doing) sth.因（做）某事惩罚某人；punish sb. by doing sth.以某种方式惩罚某人；punish sb. with sth.用……惩罚某人。例如：

It’s unfair to punish a whole class for the actions of one student. 因一个同学的行为而惩罚全班是不公平的。

My parents decided to punish me by keeping me out. 我的父母决定把我关在外面以示惩戒。

My father always punishes me with a sound beat.我父亲总是用一顿好打来惩罚我。

词性转换：punishment n.惩罚

（2019年，浙江卷，词汇运用）

（2）According to the present law, drunk driving must ________ (punish) seriously.