Unit3GettingalongwithothersGrammarandUsageIntegrat

Unit 3 Getting along with others

Grammar and Usage & Integrated Skills 教学设计

科目：英语 课题：Grammar and Usage & Integrated Skills 课时：2课时

教学目标与核心素养：

知识目标：Students can understand the usage of restrictive attributive clauses and write

a dairy to express their own life.

能力目标：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.

情感目标：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.

教学重难点

教学重点：Understand the usage of restrictive attributive clauses and express the

quality of friends.

教学难点：Be able to flexibly use restrictive attributive clauses to describe people and

things in daily communication.

课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔

教学过程：

一、Pre-class

1. Greeting

2. Leading-in

教师活动：阅读第34页的文章，完成表格。

·A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.

·A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.

·A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the

world.

·Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the

meaning of friendship.

·Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.

·"Sharing" our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which

matter most to us.

·"Liking" our friends' photos online does not develop the connection which we share.

学生活动：完成课本活动Working out the rules。

A restrictive relative clause modifies a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. We

use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses.

We use (1)________for things, and (2) ________and whom for people. We can use

(3) ________ for both things and people. We use (4) ________to show possession.

Answer: which; who; that; whose

二、While-class

教师活动：详细介绍由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。

一、定语从句的定义

在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或者代词的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或者代词叫作先行词。它的基本构成为：先行词＋关系词十定语从句。连接先行词和定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词包括关系代词（that，which，who，whom，whose）和关系副词（when，where，why）两种。定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是不可缺少的部分，去掉后往往主句意思不明确；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉后不会影响主句的意思，与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。如：

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（限制性定语从句）

正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. （非限制性定语从句）

深爱着他的妈妈对他要求很严格。

二、定语从句中关系代词 that，which，who，whom，whose 的用法

定语从句中的关系代词的作用，是把定语从句和先行词连接在一起，所以对关系代词的掌握就显得格外重要。

关系代词

that

指代对象及在从句中所作的成分

既指人又指物；作主语或者宾语。

使用要点

只用于限制性定语从句中，介词后面不能跟that，当代替物时可以与

which通用。

which

指物；作主语或者宾语。 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which，不能用that。可用在介词之后。

who, whom

指人；who可作主语或者宾语，whom只能作宾语。

先行词必须为人。who可替代在从句中担任宾语的whom，若前面有介词，须用whom。

whose

既指人又指物；作定语。 表示“所属”关系。

The girl that is sitting under the tree is very good at playing the piano.

坐在树下的那个女孩非常擅长弹钢琴。

The new bike (that) she bought yesterday was lost.

昨天她买的新自行车丢了。

Beijing is a city which has a long history.

北京是一座有悠久历史的城市。

My mother worked in the factory (which) you visited yesterday.

我母亲曾在昨天你参观的工厂里工作过。

The woman who is standing near the lab is our physics teacher.

站在试验室附近的那位女士是我们的物理老师。

The tall man (who/whom) your father is talking to is our headmaster.

正在和你父亲谈话的那个高个男子是我们的校长。

This is the girl whose name is Li Mei.

这就是那个名叫李梅的女孩。

三、关系代词的确定

指人亦可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。

The girl that was crying just now is my best friend.

刚才哭的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。

The book (that) I borrowed yesterday is of great use.

我昨天借的书很有用。

指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。

China is a country which has a long history.

中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。

指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。

The man who was here yesterday is a painter.

昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。

The man (who) I saw is called Smith.

我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。

可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语，不可以省略。在定语从句中“whose+名词”可以转换为：“the+名词＋of

which/whom”的形式。

I live in a room whose windows face south.

我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。

This is the house whose window was broken last night. =This is the house, the

window of which was broken last night.

这就是昨晚窗户被打坏的那所房子。

四、that 和 which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词，可以充当主语或宾语，但是下列情况只能用that：

1.先行词为all，none，few，little，much，everything，anything，something，nothing等时。

All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.

你必须做的是每天练习。

2.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时。

The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.

我学的第一课将永远不会忘记。

This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

3.先行词被 no，all，any，every，few，little，some等限定词修饰时。

I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。

4.先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时

This is the very book that I want to read.

这正是我想要读的那一本书

5.当主句是以what或 which开头的特殊疑问句时。

What was it that you did last week?

你上周究竟做什么了？

6.先行词同时包含人和物时。

We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.

我们谈论了我们能记起的人和事。

7.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。

He isn't the boy that he used to be.

他不再是过去的老样子了。

五、在以下情况下用which不用 that：

1.关系词前有逗号，即构成非限制性定语从句时。

He has a walk every night, which does him good.

他每晚都散步，这对他有好处。

2.当关系代词前有介词时。

Here is the car about which I told you.

这就是我向你谈到过的那辆汽车。

3.当先行词本身是that时。

That which is well done is twice done.

一次做得好等于做两次。

4.当关系代词之后有插入成分时。

I have received your letter which, as I have told you, is badly needed by the press.

我已收到您的来信，这封信，正如我所告诉您的，是新闻界所急需的。

六、只能用who引导定语从句的情况：

1.先行词是指代人的不定代词时，如：those，one，anyone，all，nobody，anybody，none等。

The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.

你应该向其学习的是那位学习努力且成绩优异的学生。

2.在there be结构中，先行词指人时。

There is a young lady who asks for you.

教师活动：指导学生完成B1。

1. Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from rich ground.

Common interests provide rich ground (that/which) many friendships grow from.

Common interests provide rich ground from which many friendships grow.

2. When friends' communication is warm and open, friendships grow best.

Friendships grow best between friends whose communication is warm and open.

3. Friendships are like flowers. These flowers need to be taken good care of.

Friendships are like flowers (that/which) need to be taken good care of.

4. A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit. You can count on a true

friend.

A relationship, with a true friend (who/whom/that) you can count on will surely produce

fruit.

5. You have been helped by others. To make friends, you should help others in the same

way.

To make friends, you should help others the way (that/in which) you have been helped

by others.

学生活动：完成B2活动，并校对答案。

参考答案：(1) which/that (2) whose (3) who/that (4) which/that (5) which (6)

whom/that (7) who/that

教师活动：讲解写作——如何写日记。

日记是一种记事文体，就是把自己当天生活中所经历的有意义的事或所见所闻所想记录下来。

一、格式

一般是在左上角写上当天的日期、星期，右上角写上当天的天气情况。

（1）日期和星期。

①若年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年或日、月、年为顺序。

月份可以缩写，年份前用逗号隔。例如：Sept.8, 2019 或者8 September, 2019. 年份也可以省略不写。

②如果要写星期，星期要紧挨日期，它既可以放在日期前面，也可以放在日期后面，也可以省略不写。如：Sunday, Sept.8, 2019或Sept.8, 2019, Sunday.

（2）天气情况必不可少。描写各种天气的词汇：sunny，nice/fine，cloudy，rainy，snowy，windy，foggy，hot，warm，cool，cold等。

二、时态

日记中所记述的事情通常发生在过去，常用一般过去时；但当记述天气、描写景色或展望未来时，可以用一般现在时或一般将来时。

三、人称

日记多采用第一人称I或we来叙述当天所发生的事情。但在写作过程中，要根据实际情况使用不同的人称。

四、常用表达

1.必备词汇

wake up, get up, wash, brush teeth, get changed, have breakfast/lunch/supper, read

newspapers, have coffee, listen to the radio, watch TV, gather/meet at the gate, go to

work/school, by bike/bus/subway/car/ship, go shopping, have a rest, have meetings,

have classes, take part in, after-school activities, chat online, watch films, play

basketball/football/baseball/badminton/tennis, go to bed, sleep…

2.必备句型

（1）Usually, I get up at seven o'clock and it takes me about thirty minutes to get

dressed, wash and have breakfast.

（2）I am always the first person to get to the classroom.

（3）Attending classes and doing homework usually take up a large part of my day.

（4）I like taking part in various after-school activities.

（5）On Monday nights, I have dance classes, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the

gym.

（6）I take Tina, the dog, for a walk every evening.

学生活动：听A篇听力回答如下问题。

①Tim does not have enough time for his schoolwork.

②Tim is not sure what he wants to be in the future.

③Tim has found his Maths homework quite difficult recently.

④Time is unhappy because he has no friends who can help him.

⑤Tim does not understand some key points in his Chinese classes.

⑥Tim is having difficulty with the reading task his Chinese teacher has given him.

参考答案：1,3,5,6

教师活动：让学生再次听音频，完成A2的表格。

参考答案：(1) worry (2) make a timetable (3) his project (4) schoolwork (5) the

challenging parts (6) Compare notes (7) at the weekend

学生活动：学生思考教师提出的问题。

(1) What's the function of paragraph 1 of the diary entry?

It functions as an introduction to the whole diary entry.

(2) How are the rest of the three paragraphs organized?

The first sentence of each paragraph is used as a topic sentence, which is followed by

supporting details.

三、After-class

教师活动：给出书面表达练习，让学生思考并尝试写作。

假如你是李华，一周前参加了夏令营活动，结识了安静、喜欢读书的Lily和外向、幽默的Rose两位室友，并与她们成为好友，在一起愉快地度过了一周的时光。请你用英语写一篇周记，描述这一周的夏令营生活。注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Friday, 16 July, 2023

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学生活动：独立完成文章写作并与同伴互换检查。

教师活动：邀请几位同学展示他们的作品。

四、Summary

重点语法：归纳总结由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。

写作讲解：掌握日记的写作方法。

五、Homework

1. Completing after-school exercises.

2. Writing a dairy.