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2024年1月4日发(作者:marqueeboost价格走势)
英语作文表达对节目的看法【篇一:有关电视节目的英文表达】
【原创】有关电视节目的英文表达
美国人一般用television program或者television show,而英国人一般用television programme来表示‘电视节目’,包括人们通过电视观看的任何内容。有固定集(episode,在美国也可以叫show)数的连续播出的电视节目(television series)叫miniseries或者serial。miniseries总长度一般为三到十个小时。北美人也管一年以内播放完毕的叫season,而英国和爱尔兰人则叫series。在美国,连续节目一般包括6-26部分(installment),但在英国则没有固定长度限制。一次性播完(one-off broadcast)的电视节目在美国叫special,在英国则叫special episode。television movie(美国)或者television film(英国)是指首先为了在电视上播出的电影,也叫direct-to-video、straight-to-video、made-for-video或者straight-to-dvd。电视广告叫advertisement或者commercial,插播广告叫commercial interruption或者commercial break。infomercial是类似电视购物那种比较长的电视广告片。有些电视节目把广告巧妙融合在内容中,这种广告手法叫product placement。例如,剧中人物使用了某个品牌的化妆品。由于互连网上的电视片段叫internet video clip。trailer是电影广告片,目前某些电视节目也有这种广告片。电视剧(drama)通常包括演员(actors)、角色(characters)和情节(plot)。一般电视节目播出方式有固定时间(regular),如新闻;及系列播出(series和miniseries)。全套电视连续剧叫entire series或the complete run of a program。黄金时段叫prime-time。全天电视节目叫full-days-worth of
programming。television network是指一个中心运行商为许多电视台提供节目,如bbc。有线电视叫cable television,而有线电视网络叫cable network。卫星电视叫satellite television。debut是第一次上映。电视也叫the small screen,与电影对比。播出节目叫to air。电视播出机构是television broadcaster。观众一般叫viewer,总称是viewership。censorship指删除有害的、令人反感的、敏感的内容,即内容审查,主要包括道德(moral)、军事(military)、政治(political)、宗教(religious)、商业(corporate)等方面。
电视节目内容可以是事实性的(factual),如纪录片(documentary)、新闻(news)及实况节目(reality
television);也可以是想象性的(fictional),如喜剧(comedy)和戏剧(drama)。可以是主题性的(topical),也可以是历史性的(historical);可以是娱乐性的(entertaining),如情景喜剧(situation comedy或者简称sitcom)及益智竞赛(game
show),也可以是教育性的(instructional),还可以是利润驱动的(for income),如广告。
片头部分(title sequence)主要是指片名、主要演职员(cast and
production team)及opening credits,指显示主要制作人员的文字。而片尾的closing credits则显示其他演职员。现在某些美国电视省略了opening credits。片头部分常使用标志性的特别字体(typographic logo)。有的有器乐伴奏(instrumental musical
accompaniment)或者主题歌(song)。片头通常显示主要角色的片段(short clips of key characters),最后通常在角色定格画面(freeze frame)上叠加显示(superimpose)演员姓名。通常还会有一些镜头(footage)显示故事发生的主要地点(locale)和时代(era)。上世纪九十年代以后片头有了个新形式,叫cold open,即只有片名和广告;这种片头也叫teaser。
片头部分可能还有此前主要内容的回放(shots of highlights from
earlier episodes or shows)。这种回顾性的部分也叫recap,可使观众(viewer)了解故事背景(background)。一般是用蒙太奇方式(montage)回放重要片段(scenes),包括一些关键性对话(short bursts of dialogue)。这种回顾也叫previously,通常是为了配合‘下回分解’(to )这种结尾的。通常用旁白(voiceover)说明‘’、‘last time/week/season
on...’、‘’、‘on the last episode/’。这种旁白可以由某个主要角色(a main character)或者一个中立的讲述者(a neutral narrator)进行。
original run或first run指制片人完成节目制作后,在一个电视台(station)/电视网络(broadcast
network)播出该节目。该电视台/电视网已经支付费用或者购买了使用许可。syndication一般泛指节目的二次使用,包括在首映国家的重复播出,但也包括原始制片人不参与管理的国际销售。由其他公司、电视台或者个人来进行。在美国,电视系统是按照网络
(network)来组织的,这些网络拥有地方电视台(affiliate)。off-network syndication指销售已经在某些网络播放过的节目,也叫重播(rerun);public-broadcasting syndication指公共电视台的播放。free-to-air(fta)是指不需要订购即可随时随地接收的电视台或者电视节目,通常不加密。电视节目播放的资金来源一般有广告、电视许可证(tv licensing)及订购(subscription)三种。为了保证收入,订购类电视频道一般都采取加密(encrypted)方式确保只有付费用户(subscription payers)才能接受到解密编码(decryption codes)以便收到信号。例如,bbc是非商业性组织,在英国其电视节目是不允许插播广告的,但是在国外它有很多广告赞助的电视频道。它的收益主要来自电视收看许可证。
dubbing或者looping是指记录或者替换人物声音,通常翻译为配音。它既可以指重录演员声音,也可以指用其他演员声音替换原来演员的声音。subtitles指字幕,通常位于屏幕下方。television
teletext subtitles指隐藏的字幕,观众可以按照需要通过菜单或者特别页面选择,主要提供给听力障碍者。同种语言字幕也叫same
language captions。为听力障碍者准备的closed captioning不仅显示对话内容,同时还显示描述性内容,如叹息、关门声。注意在美国英语中,caption通常表示为听力障碍者准备的字幕;而在英国英语中subtitles通常也是这个含义,因为他们很少需要字幕翻译外语片。为了强调两者区别,可以将供听力障碍者使用的字幕称为hoh subtitles即hard-of-hearing subtitles。在英美,实时(realtime)、在线(online)或者现场(live)字幕越来越普遍,因为有关法律要求为听力障碍者提供此类服务,这几个单词含义接近。预先制作的字幕叫pre-prepared。lectoring是指一种旁白,由一个讲述者告诉观众演员在说什么,可以在背景里同时听见演员的声音。这种方式在俄罗斯、波兰等东欧国家比较普遍。
有脚本或者剧本的娱乐节目(scripted entertainment)包括电视系列剧(dramatic television series)或者电视喜剧(television
comedy)、动画电视连续剧(animated television series)、miniseries及电视电影(tv movie)及颁奖节目(award show)。没有脚本或者剧本的娱乐节目(unscripted entertainment)包括脱口秀(talk show)、实况节目 (reality show)和益智类节目(game show)。信息类节目(informational)包括新闻节目(news program)、纪录片(documentary)、电视新闻杂志(tv
news magazine)和电视广告片(infomercial)。注意不同类别可能会有重叠部分(overlapping)。
dramatic programming通常是英联邦国家用语,主要指有脚本的想象性的系列片和电视电影,但不包括情景戏剧与电视连续剧。
comedy-drama也叫dramedy或者dramatic comedy,在内容上,喜剧和严肃成份基本平分秋色。一般为长度在一个小时左右的含有强烈喜剧内容的片子,或者是半小时左右的情景喜剧。 serial在英国是美国所谓miniseries的同义词。往往每周播放一集。各集围绕一个共同主题逐步展开,以吸引住观众。一般开头使用recapping回顾前面内容,末尾使用cliffhanger来吊胃口。最后一集通常是整个节目的结束,但也可能有续集(sequel)出现。肥皂剧(soap
opera)是它的衍生形式,但是由于有明显固定的套路(paradigm),通常被看作一个单独的类型。 police procedural是神秘故事(mystery story)的一种,力图令人信服地描述警察调查犯罪的过程。它常将几个互不关联的犯罪调查放在同一个故事里。传统侦破小说(whodunit)往往在最后才揭露罪犯身份,而它往往一开始就挑明了谁是犯罪分子。内容涉及法医、解剖、收集证据及审讯等。类似节目还有恐怖片(horror/thriller show)。
science fiction也简化为sf或者sci-fi,往往涉及最新和未来科技。
soap opera是持续播放的、分集的节目,简称soap。早期此类广播节目经常插播pg(宝
洁)等香皂广告,因此得名。这类广播节目原本是为了让家庭主妇们在白天收听的,所以早期听众主要为女性。后来电视也借用了这个字眼儿。内容主要是罗曼蒂克的故事。故事一般需要几集才能讲完,每集都提示观众下一集还有新发展。它主要涉及家庭生活、人际关系、两性关系、情感及道德冲突等。故事主线(storyline)一般有关角色的日常生活和人际关系。其套路特点可以总结为偶遇(changce meeting)、意外巧合(coincidence)、擦肩而过(missed meeting)、突然转变(sudden conversion)、最后时刻救援(last-minute rescue)、启示(revelation)等。 在美国,它可以用来比喻讲述任何真实或者想象的充满感情的故事。如:her
life is one big soap opera。
situation comedy或者sitcom是最普遍、最成功的电视喜剧形式。有时候它是在一群现场观众面前表演的(performed before a live
audience)。laugh track、laughter soundtrack、laughter track、
canned laughter、laughing audience指背景中常出现的观众笑声,即使没有现场观众也可以通过录音播放作为节目的一个组成部分。
sketch comedy通常不像情景喜剧那样有反复出现的角色,有关时事并在角色发展方面强调讽刺。它包含一系列喜剧场景(scene/vignette/sketch),每个十分钟左右。
stand-up comedy也叫stand-up,一般是大型综艺节目或者脱口秀的一部分。improvational comedy指即时喜剧节目。
animated cartoon指短的、手绘或者计算机辅助制作的的动画片,有故事情节。而animation指动画,不一定有情节,但通常也可以做同义词使用。anime主要指来自日本的或者日本风格的动画片(animation),发音是/animay/或者/animu/。但是在日本,它是动画片的总称(blanket term),并不表示原产国(country of
origin)为日本。非日本原产的带有日本动画风格的叫anime-influenced animation。它偶尔也被称为japanimation,目前除日本之外一般很少使用,主要为上世纪七八十年代用法。但日本使用该词指日本动画片。manga指日本卡通连环画(comics);但在日本,该词包括动画片和卡通连环画。
miniseries和series或serial并无严格区别。它一般为四到六集,也有人定义为两集以上十三集以下。与肥皂剧和黄金时段系列剧相比,它有明确的开头、中间和结尾,可以让角色改变、成熟或者死亡。一般是小说的电视版本。英国几乎从不使用这个单词,而是用serial。 talk show(美国)/chat show(其它国家)指由主持人(host)提出各种题目,一个或者多个人进行讨论。有时候有嘉宾(a panel of guests),通常由与主题有关的专家组成。主持人一般是喜剧搞笑的高手。如果有不止一个主持人,那么这些主持人被称为co-hosts。现场接听电话的此类节目叫call-in show,所接电话为live phonecall。明星嘉宾叫celebrity guest,一般为影视音乐名人及公众人物(public figures)。
reality television一般涉及没有脚本的戏剧化或者喜剧场景、记录真实事件并以普通人为主(而非专业演员)。但不包括纪录片和新闻体育类节目。普通人在这类节目中会面对一些不同寻常的挑战,例如被警察逮捕和减肥(weight loss)。有些节目有关名人如何做日常事务,如体力活。它包括游戏(game)、智力测验(quiz)、窥视(voyeurism)及监视(surveillance)。纪录片形式的(documentary-style)也叫fly on the wall或factual television。
观众和摄像机只是被动观察者。经过剪辑,它也会有类似肥皂剧的情节,因此也被叫做docusoap或docudrama。它有时拍摄明星或者专业人士的日常活动。elimination/game show也叫reality-competition或reality game show。参与者(participants)通过竞争来赢得一个奖项。很多情况下,参与者逐渐被淘汰(remove/eliminate)直到最后剩下一个获胜。观众、参与者或者裁判团(a panel of judges)可能参与投票(vote)以便决出胜利者。self-improvement/makeover也是一种reality tv show,讲述一个人或者一群人如何改变生活状况。renovation是关于改变居住环境、工作环境或者车辆的节目。social experiment具有社会试验性质,如互换生活习惯。dating show是类似湖南卫视《玫瑰之约》的男女配对节
目。hidden camera指让随机的路人遭遇事先安排好的场景,目的是搞笑、惊吓等。hoax是恶作剧式的节目,比如让参与者相信自己已经赢得一个大奖或者即将进行太空旅行等。 game show指大众或者名人共同玩一个游戏,通过问答或者解决问题来赢取奖金或者奖品(money/prize)。竞争者(contestants)与其它游戏参与者(players)或者团队(team)进行竞争。但有时竞争者通过独自争取一个好结果(outcome)或者高分数(score)来获奖。回报(reward)通常是现金(cash)、物品及服务(goods and
services)或者旅行(trip)。 news program、news
programme、news show或newscast报道时事(current
events)。一般由主播(anchor)主持,包括直播(live)或录制(recorded)的现场记者采访(field reporter interview)、专家意见(expert opinion)、舆论调查(opinion poll),偶尔还包括编辑加入的(editorial)内容。在电视、广播及网络上负责新闻节目的主持人总称为news presenter,但业内人士通常使用描述性的、具有不同国家特色的词语,如newsreader、newscaster或news
anchor。在英国newscaster本身是记者,采集新闻并进行编辑。如果还表达个人观点,那么他也被称为commentator,即评论员。但是,bbc的新闻节目主持人叫newsreader,而itn的则叫newscaster。在美国和加拿大,新闻节目主持人叫news anchor、anchorperson、anchorman或anchorwoman,而不叫newscaster。他要负责实况播出(live presentation)的即时评论
(improvise commentary),有时候还要负责写作和编辑。这个词来自接力赛(relay race)的anchor leg(最后一棒)。
television news magazine与普通新闻杂志类似,用短的电视记录片来表现新闻故事。 variety show也叫variety entertainment是一种综艺节目,包括音乐表演(musical performance)、短喜剧演出(comedy skits)、魔术(magic)等,通常有主持人(compere/host)主持。官方或者私人舞台活动或者演出的主持人(host)也叫master/mistress of ceremonies、emcee(mc)、compere或microphone jockey(mj)。演艺人员一般叫entertainer或performer。 infomercial是和普通电视节目长度相似的广告片,也叫paid programming,欧洲叫teleshopping。一般在凌晨两点到六点之间播放,而不在高峰时段(peak hours)播出。长度一般为半小时或者一个小时。它一般指直效广告(direct
response television advertisement/drtv),替代了原来的电视台停播时间(sign-off/closedown)。在美国它一般指28.5分钟的广告片。有些公司甚至开发出带有新闻特点的广告片,叫video news
release。它现在也指任何推销观点的活动,在这个意义上,它是贬义词。
在电视节目制作方面,creator提出一个节目的主要成分,包括概念(concept)、角色(characters)、工作人员(crew)和演员(actors),包括大牌演员(big-name actors)。他向电视网络提供(offer/pitch)这一方案,看电视网络是否有可能订购一个试验片(pilot)原型(prototype)。如果采用了(pick up),电视网络可能采购a run of episodes。一般开始时订购13集。一般完整的系列品包括22集。这个creator通常也是执行制片人(executive
producer)。director即导演负责具体制作内容。完成的节目由电视网络分配(distribute)给下属电视台,在具体时段(timeslot)播出。
电视的不同社会视角(social aspects of television)指这种媒体(medium)对社会造成的影响(influence)在这方面通常有以下几方面需要考虑。
负面作用(negative effects):有人称电视是boob tube,即傻子的显像管,说它是无需思考的营生(mindless occupation)和填补空虚的东西(time filler)。司法界(justice system)如调查人员(investigator)和检察人员(prosecutor)指出受某些犯罪调查节
目的影响,陪审团(jury)在证据不完美的情况下更容易开释本该惩罚的人。某些节目对社会礼仪(social propriety)标准也有影响。由于电视无所不在(pervasive and ubiquitous),人们更容易因为耳濡目染而接受某些原来无法接受的语言和行为。电视也对其它媒体产生不良示范作用。有的科学家认为电视对大脑有影响,会给观众带来一些心理影响(psychological effects)。在身体影响
积极作用(positive effects):尽管大部分有关电视的讨论都集中在负面作用方面,也有人认为电视可以使观众接触到此前无法获得的很多信息。电视在教育方面有优势(educational advantages)。
在儿童社会化(socializing children)电视可以获得超过其文化水平(literary capabilities)的信息。儿童也可以获得成年人不希望他们知道的信息。一般很难监督(monitor)、控制(control)或限制(restrict)儿童通过电视获得的信息。但是目前已经有人在研究如何改变这种被动局面。
【篇二:英语电视节目 英语作文7】
american tv show is important to me
09级2班刘雅雯
have you ever seen a tv show called the big bang theory?
from the small group of people—sheldon, leonard, penny,
haward and raj, i learned a lot, i laughed at their stupid
behaviors and also i was touched by their friendship. my topic
is american tv show is important to me. some people may ask
“how important?” well, i chose to major in english because of
american tv show, and it gave me a chance to get to know a
new culture.
i began to watch american tv show at a very early age. i can
still remember the excited feeling when i watched the family
album usa. in the first episode, mr. stuart told elisadra papps
“hey, you. welcome to new york!” ow, believe me, it sounded
amazing. and i realized that english should be spoken like that
and how beautiful it was. at that time, i can only understand a
small part of their conversations, which did not frustrate me at
all. on the contrary, it made english a mysterious language.
when i grew up, i chose to major in english, because i could
not forget how amazing this language sounded when i watched
the family album usa.
next thing that i learned from american tv show is the
american culture. the tv show pretty little liars impressed me
most. this tv series is a teenager show. i realized that the
lifestyles of americans are different from chinese people. from
the leading actors, i got to know what is “standing on one’s
own feet”. chinese kids tend to rely on their parents and they
believe that it is the responsibility of the parents to take care of
them. but i can see from the tv show, things are really different
in the us. and i hope in the near future, i can say that “i pay for
everything i need in this world and i do not rely on anybody!
that’s cool.
sometimes, i wonder whether americans do the exact same
things as the actors do in the tv show. so i talked with my
foreign teachers. sometimes, they said, “no, of course not.
there is a huge difference between tv show and real life.” some
of them said “yes, we do things like that.” american tv series
gave me a good material to talk about with foreign friends, and
it is also interesting to talk about different cultures.
american tv series mean a lot to me. i regard it as my best
friend as well as an interesting teacher. because of american tv
show, i got the chance to study in this department and meet all
my dear classmates. if you have leisure time, if you are
interested in american lifestyle, and if you are impressed by
the american spirit, why don’t you take a look at the american
tv series?
【篇三:对圣诞节看法 英文作文】
chinese name:张凡
english name:angela
student number:1205020098
december 15, 2014
merry christmas
among many traditional western holidays, christmas is the
holiday i enjoy and like most. christmas is one of the most
beautiful holidays of all time. it is the day when god ’s son was
born on earth. hence, this day is sacred for all christians
around the world. due to the integration of eastern and western
culture, it has become a worldwide festival.
christmas celebrations can vary markedly from country to
country. for many christians, a religious service plays an
important part in there cognition of the season. the christmas
season gives rise to a number of christmas traditions that
come along such as preparing christmas cake, sending gifts to
loved ones, decorating the christmas tree, lighting up the
christmas candle, singing christmas carols, making of cribs,
making of cribs and distributing christmas candies. these are
celebrated with zest and enthusiasm worldwide for centuries.
secular processions, featuring santa claus and other seasonal
figures are often held. family reunions and the exchange of
gifts are a widespread feature of the season, and this is the
way chinese enjoy christmas. one of the dominant themes of
christmas is happiness, and that is why i like christmas most.
the memories about christmas for me was always full of
happiness. it occurs to me that the christmas i spent with my
family. almost every christmas, my parents would accompany
me and my brother to go out and eat fast food or at restaurants.
when i was a little girl, on christmas eve, my parents bought a
christmas hat to me, then we went to church and i got the
candies from santa claus. at that time, my parents held my
little hand, and we walked on the crowded street with twinkling
christmas lights. that was my first christmas, happy and
romantic. on christmas eve, the street shops front donned
beautiful christmas trees, playing christmas songs, and
supermarket employee also wore a lovely christmas hat.
snows time was more
attractive, and everywhere was fluttering the snowflake, fell on
people’s body. everyone on the streets were happy and excited
even crazy, smiling, praying. people, especially young man,
enjoyed themselves at the accompany of their families or
friends in this carnival. joy and peace of christmas were with
everyone. i always enjoyed this kind of romantic atmosphere
greatly.
if i had to say something i don’t like about christmas is that it
has become too commercialized and the true meaning of
christmas is gradually disappearing. with a highly
commercialized and non-religious affairs, lots of money is
spent annually on decoration, diners and gifts. some young
people have become disillusioned with how commercialized
christmas has become. while i do say, although greatly
commercialized, like the modern santa claus it still embodies
saint nicholas’ s generosity and love for children. and for some,
he still points to the nativity of the babe in the manger, and
reminds us of the reason we celebrate christmas. so like
someone said, christmas is only as commercial as you make it.
you choose what christmas means to you.
all in all, christmas is for gaiety, mirth, song, and for good and
wondrous gifts. but mostly, christmas is for love. to
understand the real meaning of christmas, to find the genuine
christmas spirit and to remember it is a season of families
getting together, giving, and good cheer. merry christmas.
(564 words)
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