(完整版)英语发音规则(详细)

英语发音规则

一、 元音字母在重读音节中的读音

字母

a

读音

开音节中[eɪ]

闭音节中[æ]

开音节中 [i :]

闭音节中 [e]

开音节中 [ɑɪ]

i

闭音节中 [ı]

开音节中 [әu]

闭音节中 [D]

开音节中 [ju:]

闭音节中

[Λ]

例词

name plane Jane baby cake

bag dad hat map black

back

he these me Chinese

bed let pen desk yes

bike drive time nice kite

fish big drink sit milk

swim

those close go home no

clock not box shop sock

student excuse duty Tuesday

bus cup jump much lunch

e

o

u

【注意】在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

字母

a

e

i

读音

[ә]

[ɪ]

[ә]

[ɪ]

[ә]/[ı]

[aɪ]

[ә]

[әu]

u

[ә]

[ju:]

例词

China another woman breakfast

orange village cabbage

hundred student open weekend

chicken pocket begin

holiday beautiful family animal

exercise satellite

second tonight somebody

welcome

also zero photo

autumn difficult

popular congratulation January

o

【注意】动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[eɪ]音,例如:operate

u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July

influence February issue

二、 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

字母 读音

在[w]音后面读 [D]

a

quality

glass fast father

most old cold postcard

例词

want what watch wash

在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、after plant graph ask grasp

ss 、st 、th前读 [ɑ:]

在-nd、-ld和-gh前读[ɑɪ] find child light high

在-st、-ld前读[әu]

在m、n 、v 、th前读[Λ] come monkey love mother

字组

ar

读音

一般读[ɑ:]

在[w]后读[ɔ:]

or

一般读[ɔ:]

[з:]

sharp

warm quarter towards

forty morning short

certainly bird Thursday

例词

car farm dark

i

o

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

在[w]音后读 [з:] word worker worse

er、 ir、 ur

【注意】 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成 -r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音，例如: carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ә]音，例如:dollar teacher forget

Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

are

ere

ire

ore

ure

读 音

[eә]

[ɪә]

[ɑɪә]

[ɔ:]

[ju:ә]

例 词

care dare hare

here mere

fire hire wire

more score before shore

bore

pure cure

【注意】are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ә]音,例如:picture pleasure

重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音，例如: parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象，例如:orange very

American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ai/ay

air

al

au/aw

读音

[eɪ]

[eә]

[ɔ:l]

[ɑ:]

在f、m前[ɔ:l]

[ɔ:]

[i:]

ea [e]

[eɪ]

[ɪә]

ear

[eә]

[з:]

ee

eer

ei/ey

eu/ew

ie/ei

oa

oar/oor

oi/oy

[i:]

[ɪә]

[eɪ]

[i:]

[u:]

[i:]

[әu]

[ɔ:]

[ɔɪ]

play

例 词

afraid rain wait day

air hair chair pair repair

always also salt almost

half calm palm

small ball talk wall all

autumn daughter draw

teach easy cheap please

heavy bread sweater

weather

break great

hear dear near clear

year

bear pear wear

earth learn early

jeep week green three

pioneer deer beer

eight neighbour they

either key

flew brew

piece field receive

coat Joan boat goal

roar board door floor

noise point boy toilet

在j、l、r、s后 [ju:] new few newspaper

[u:]

oo

[u]

[ɑu]

ou/ow

[әu]

[Λ]

[u:]

[ɔ:]

our [ɑuә]

[з:]

ui

[u:]

broom food tooth school

book look cook foot

good

flower house count down

know row throw though

young country enough

group you soup

course your four

our hour

journey

juice fruit suit

ours

在j、l 、r、 s后[ju: ɪ] fluid suicide tuition

例 词

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组

读 音

[ɪ]

[әu]

[ә]/ [ɪ]。

[∫n]

在元音字母后 [n]

在s后 [t∫n]

[sn]

[sl]

[ʒә]

[t∫ә]

ai/ay 、ei/ey

ow

ou、ui

-sion、 -tion

-sion

-tion

-sten

-stle

-sure

-ture

Sunday foreign monkey

yellow sparrow

biscuit

impression nation

vision decision occasion

question suggestion

listen

whistle castle

pleasure measure

picture culture

tomorrow

neighbour serious famous

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如: everyday [eɪ] handbag [æ] blackboard [ɔ:]

有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如:

sun太阳 + day[eɪ]日子 > Sunday[ɪ] 星期天

break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[ә] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ә] 碗柜

九、辅音字组的读音

字母组

b

c

读 音

[b]

[/]

[k]

在 e前或在i/y前 [s]

[t∫]

ch [k]

[∫]

-ck

d

-dge

dr-

f

-ds

g

gh

gu-、-gue

h

j

k

kn-

l

m

[k]

[d]

[dʒ]

[dr]

[f]

[dz]

[g]

在e、i、y前 [d ]

[f]

[/]

在非重读音节中 [g]

[gw]

[h]

[/]

[dʒ ]

[k]

[n]

[l]

[m]

例 词

bike bus bag

bomb tomb

cake picture coat music

face decide cinema

much chick rich teacher

school headache chemistry

machine

cock pocket black

knock

doctor bread hand day

bridge fridge

children driver drink

five four breakfast

stands floods goods

bag gardon go

orange large German

cough enough

light daughter high

guess league dialogue

language anguish

hot head house hand

hour honest

jeep jar joke join July

kind bike skate make

knife know knock

life milk school tall

monkey come autumn

-mn

n

-ng

p

ph

q

qu-

r

s

sc-

sh

t

tch

th

tr-

ts

v

w

[m]

[n]

在[k]/ [g]音前 [ŋ]

[ŋ]

[p]

[f]

[k]

[kw]

[r]

在词首或清辅音前 [s]

[sk]

[s]

[∫]

通常情况下 [t]

[t∫]

在通常情况下[θ]

autumn column

not shine ten note

uncle thank hungry

morning young wrong

paper plane pig ship

pen

elephant photo telephone

Iraq

quality quite

red rubber ruler

sit sleep desk

Scarlet school

muscle science

she fish shirt wash

ten letter meet

Watch kitchen

thin thirty method

元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband

弱读字母ia 、ie、 io前 [∫] patient nation

冠词、代词、介词、连词[ð] the these with than

在词尾-the 、-ther中 [ð] Clothes father weather

[tr]

[ts]

[v]

[w]

[/]

tree train country truck

sports parts

very

voice love leave

week win wake sweetwait

white why

whole

exact

answer two

what when

who

box

write

yes yard yellow young

whose

wh-

x

wr-

y-

wh-在字母o前 [w]

[h]

重读元音前 [ks]

[gz]

[r]

[j]

text exercise

example exist

z

1、重读音节

[z] puzzle zero zoo

十、重读音节、开音节、闭音节

单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

2、开音节

①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。

【辅音+元音】例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret

②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

【辅音+元音+辅音（r除外）+不发音的e】例如:name these bike

home

3、闭音节

单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节

【元音+辅音】或【元音+辅音+辅音】例如: bag egg fish not cup

4、多音节词重读规则

①通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如: el-e-phant con-gra-tu-

la-tion

②词尾有-ic 或-tion , -sion的词,在-ic 或 -sion , -tion前的一个音节上重读。例如: sci-en-ti-fic im-pre-ssion na-tion