可数名词的复数变化

可数名词的复数变化

可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式，名词由单数变成复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两个大类。

1.名词复数的规则变化：

⑴绝大多数名词直接在词尾加s变成复数，如：cup—cups, bathroom-bathrooms

⑵以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词变复数要加es，如：class（班级）—classes, box（盒子）—boxes,

match（火柴）—matches, brush（刷子）—brushes

⑶以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，去f或fe再加ves。

f、fe结尾的顺口溜：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮月光。

按：顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。

注意:以f结尾的名词，一般把把f改为ves，但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的，如gulf（海湾）,

roof（屋顶）, chief（首领）, serf（农仆）, belief（信仰）, proof（证据）, handkerchief（手帕）。

编成口诀联想：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据定在手帕上。

⑷以y结尾的名词变复数时视以下两种情况而变：

① 元音+y：直接+s ,如：boy—boys, toy—toys, day--days

②辅音+y：变y为i，再+es ，如：study(书房)—studies, city(城市)—cities, party（晚会）-parties

⑸以o结尾的名词变复数时视以下三种情况而变：

O结尾的名词顺口溜

1）有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加es，凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时，词尾加s。

有生命：potato（土豆）-potatoes, tomato（西红杮）-tomatoes, hero（英雄）-heroes, Negro（黑人）--Negroes

如无生命：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）--bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）--tobaccos

2）两人两菜一水果。（+es）

小学-中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时，加es的只有Negro（黑人），hero（英雄），potato（土豆），tomato（西红杮），mango（芒果）这就是“两人两菜一水果”。

3）其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。

图景：你在“zoo”里，看见一要“bamboo”，上面挂着一张“photo”，所照的是一架“piano”，上面放着一台“radio”。

zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos, photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.

2.名词复数的不规则变化：

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⑴把oo变成ee，如：foot（脚）—feet, tooth（牙齿）—teeth, goose(鹅)--geese

⑵把词尾man变成men，如：woman(妇女)—women, policeman（警察）-policemen, fisherman（渔民）—fishermen, Frenchman（法国男人）—Frenchmen, Englishman（英国男人）—Englishmen,

注意:German（德国人）—Germans, human—humans, walkman—walkmans

表示民族的名词顺口溜

（1）“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。

（2）“英、法”联盟a变e。

（3）其他一律加s 即Chinese，Japanese单复数同形；Englishman，Frenchman的复数为Englishmen，Frenchmen；其他像German，American，Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。

⑶在词尾加en或ren变成复数，如：ox—oxen, child—children,

⑷单复数同形，如：sheep—sheep, deer—deer, Chinese—Chinese, Japanese—Japanese

means-means(方法，手段)

注意: fish的复数有两种：

①同种鱼，只表示鱼的数量多，不加es：There are nearly 500 fish in the pond.

② 强调有不同种类的鱼时要加es：There are all kinds of fishes in the pond.

⑸其它一些常见名词的不规则变化：mouse（老鼠）—mice ；basis—bases（基础）；oasis—oases(绿洲)，datum—data（数据）；medium-media(媒体)

<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep

<二>、选择填空

1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos

2. This kind of car made

in Shanghai.A. is B .are C .were D .has

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3. There are four and two in the group.

A. Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C. Japanese,German se,

Germans

4. That’s art book.A. an B. a C. the D are

5. The boys have got already（已经）.

A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of

bread

6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of

apple

C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples

7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D.

are ,fish

8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is

watches

9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths

teeth

come from different ______A. country ies C. a country D. countrys

11. How many _____do you see in the picture?s es tomato

12. They are______.

A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher

13. Would you like _______ ,please?

A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water

C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters

14. Most of ______ live in _______.

A. Germans, German B. German, Germen C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany

15. There are some ______ in these _______.…pencil-boxes …pencils-box …pencil-box …pencils-boxes

16. ______ like ______ by air.

A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel

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D. The Greens, traveling

A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples

三）.填入所给名词的正确形式

1. I have two_____ (knife)

2. There are many _____ here. (box)

3. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)

4. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy)

5. The _______ are playing football now. (child)

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