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最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
Module 1 How to learn English
一.重点短语:
try
to
do
sth. 尝试做某事
a
piece
of
advice一条建议
make
a
mistake 犯错误
three
pieces
of
paper 三张纸
give
sb.
some
advice给某人一些建议
advise
sb.
to
do
sth. 建议某人去做某事
write
it
down写下,记下
this
term这学期
next
term下学期
二.固定结构:
ask
for
advice征求意见
basic
questions基本问题
the
meaning
of……的意思
talk
to
sb. 跟某人谈话
write
to
sb. 写信给某人
start
a
conversation开始一段谈话
talk
about
sth.
with
sb.跟某人谈论某事
as
much
/
many
as
possible尽可能多地
help
sb.(to) do /
with sth. 帮助某人做某事1. practise
doing
sth. 练习做某事
2. a
number
of +可数名词复数+V(复数)许多、很多
3. the
number
of+可数名词复数+V(单数)……的数量
9. one
or
two
days 一两天
三.重点句型:
else? 还有什么其它的?
2 It’s
a
good
idea
to
do
sth. 做…..是个好主意
10. a (good )
way
to
do
sth
to
do
sth.做某事的(好)方法
11. something
new/old/interesting
新/旧/有趣/的东西
12. What
about
doing=How
about
doing…?
做……怎么样?
3. It
is
adj. + (for
sb.) +
to
do
sth. (对某人来说)做某事怎么样
4. It
is +
adj. (形容词)+ (of
sb.)
to
do
sth.某人做某事某人怎么样.
It
is
very
kind
of
you
to
help
me.你能帮我你真好。
should
always
speak
English
in
class.我们应该在课堂上一直讲英语。
6.
Let’s
try
to
speak
English
as
much
as
possible.让我们尽可能多地说英语。
7.
We
are
going
to
talk
about
good
ways
to
learn
English.我们将谈论一些学英语的好方法。
8.
Why
not
write
down
our
mistakes
in
our
notebook?为什么不在笔记本上把错误写下来?
9.
It’s
a
good
idea
to
spell
and
pronounce
new
words
aloud
every
day. 每天拼写和大声读出新单词是个好
10.
You’d
better(not)do
sth. 你最好(不)做某事
11.
I
also
advise
you
to
talk
about
the
films
or
songs
with
your
friends. 我也建议你跟你的朋友谈论电影和歌曲
’s
natural
to
forget
new
words!忘记新单词是合乎情理的。
13.
I
suggest
you
write
four
or
five
words
a
day
on
pieces
of
paper. 我建议你每天在纸上写下四五个单词。
you
like
to
do
sth. ?你想要做……?
四.语法要点:
1.
时态复习:
1).一般现在时:用来描述经常发生事情或真理。注意:be动词的正确用法以及动词的三单式。
The earth goes around the sun. Does the sun rise in the east? The sun doesn`t rise in the west.
2).一般过去时:用来描述过去的动作或状态。注意:不规则动词的过去式。
I visited the my Three Gorges Dam last year.
Did you visit the Three Gorges Dam last year?
I didn`t visit the Three Gorges Dam last year.
3). 一般将来时:用于表述即将发生的事情或行为以及未来的状态。
动词的基本结构:will / shall + 动词原形 表示个人意愿或想法以及时间上的将来。
1
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
be going to + 动词原形 表示“计划、打算、预测”。
The train will arrive at 8:30. I will call you as soon as he arrives.
They are going to go abroad. It is going to rain.
4).
现在进行时:用来表述现在正在发生的事情或行为或者现阶段的情况。现在进行时也可用于表示为将来安排好的活动或事件。动词的基本结构:be + V.-ing
注意:动词的-ing的加法。
They are having meeting now.(目前正在进行)
Are you studying physics this term?
这个学期你们学习物理吗?(现阶段情况)
My uncle is coming tomorrow.(移位动词,安排好的活动)
2. spend,
pay,
cost, take的用法区别:spend和pay主语是人,cost主语是物,take主语是it,且只用于时间
1). 人(作主语)+
spend
on
sth.
2). 人(作主语)+
spend (in)
doing
sth.
某人花费时间做某事
3). 物(作主语)+
cost (花某人多少钱)
4).
人(作主语)+
pay
for(付钱、花钱)
5). It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.花某人多少时间去做某事
It
is
difficult
for
old
people
to
learn
English
well.对于老年人来说学习英语很难。
(以上动词不定式短语在句中作真正主语,It 是形式主语)
It
is
a
good
idea/way
to
do
sth.做某事是好主意/好方法
3. 当million,
billion,
thousand,hundred等前有具体数词修饰时,他们不加-s
和of,若表示不具体数目时则加-s 和of.
three
hundred 三百
hundreds
of 数以百计的
在several后面,可以加-s和of,也可以不加s和of, 如:several
millions
of
dollars ,several
million
dollars
4.
不定代词(Indefinite
pronouns):
some,any,one,each,all,every,no,none,both,none,much,many,nothing,either,neither,somebody…
形容词修饰不定代词时,放在不定代词后面:
如: something old, someone good
Module 2 My home town and my country.
一、重点短语:
travel
around
the
world环球旅行
one
day总有一天
stay
with
sb.跟某人呆在一起
put
on
take
off穿上
take
off起飞,脱下
the
price
of ……的价钱
fly
to
somewhere.飞到某地
on
the
coast 在沿海
most
days 大部分时间
the
population
of ……的人口
millions
of 数以百万的
as
…
as 和…..一样
二.固定结构:
be
famous
for 以……著名/闻名
be
famous
as 作为……出名/著名
bigger
and
busier 更大更繁华
much
wider 宽阔得多
many
other
cities 许多其他城市
how
respect
to
sb. 向某人表示尊敬
such
as 比如
in
fact 事实上
some
day 某一天
a
beautiful
city 一个美丽的城市
bring
sth.
with
sb. 某人随身携带某物
more
than=over 超过
sell
out卖光
e
+ 句子
I
was
late
this
morning
because
I
got
up
late. 今天早上我迟到了是因为我起迟了。
2
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
e
of +
n./名词短语
the
east/south/west/north
of 在….东/南/西/北(面)
+ 形容词/副词原级 +
as 和……一样
5.
not
as + 形容词/副词原级 +
as 不像……
6. have
a
population
of …表示“有……人口”。
三.重点句型:
1. It’s
taller
than
many
other
buildings.它比其他许多建筑物高。
2.----How
was
your
weekend? 你的周末怎么样?
-----Pretty
good! 相当好!
3.
It’s
getting
bigger
and
busier. 它变得更大更繁华。
4.
It’s
on
the
coast
near
Hong
Kong. 在靠近香港海岸线上。
5.
Some
day,it
will
become
as
busy
as
Hong
Kong.有一天,它会变得跟香港一样繁华。
6.
What’s
the
population
of
Shenzhen? 深圳的人口是多少?
The
population
of
Shenzhen
is
larger
than
that
of
many
other
cities
in
China.
深圳的人口要比中国其他城市的人口要大得多。
7.
My
home
town
is
especially
(尤其)
famous
for
it’s
university. 我的家乡尤其以它的大学而著名。
8.
Millions
of
tourists
visit
it
every
year
to
show
respect
to
President
Lincoln.
每年数以百万的旅游者来参观它是对林肯总统表示尊敬。
9.
There
are
lots
of
old
buildings
and
churches
to
visit.可以参观许多古老的建筑物和教堂。
10.
The
population
of
India
is
smaller
than
that
of
China
but
larger
than
that
of
Russia.
11. What
do
you
think
of…?
= How
do
you
like…? 你认为……怎么样?
四.语法要点:
1.
形容词和副词的比较级、最高级:
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:
1). 原级(不作比较),修饰词very,
so,
too,
pretty,
really;
as…(原级)as 与……一样……
not
as/so…as 不如
Liming
is
as
tall
as Jim. Jack
runs
as
fast
as Tom.
Lily
is
not
as/so
tall
as Lucy. = Lily
is
shorter
than
2). 比较级,表示“较……”或“更……”的意思(两者之间进行比较), 标志词than, A
or B,
of
the
two,
修饰词much,
a
lot,
a
little;
3). 最高级,表示“最……”的意思(三者或三者以上作比较),形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带in(of)短语来什么比较的范围。
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化:
构 成 方 法
单音
节词
和部
分双
音节
词
一般在词尾加-er或-est
原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
high
short
late
fine
hot
big
thin
fat
3
higher
shorter
later
finest
hotter
bigger
thinner
fatter
highest
shortest
latest
finest
hottest
biggest
thinnest
fattest
以字母e词尾的词,加-r或-st
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-est
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把“y”改为“i”,再加
-er或-est
多音节词和部分双音节词
在词前加more或most
funny
easy
early
funnier
easier
earlier
funniest
easiest
earliest
beautiful
athletic
outgoing
more
beautiful
more
athletic
more
outgoing
most
beautiful
most
athletic
most
outgoing
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:
2. population的用法: 是一个集合名词,常与定冠词the连用,作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数。例如:
The
world’s
population
is
increasing
faster
and
faster. 指人口的多少,用large或small。
Module 3 Sports
一、重点短语:
原 级
good/well
bad/badly
many/much
little
far
比较级
better
worse
more
less
farther(更远)
further(更深远)
best
worst
most
least
farthest (最远)
furthest(最深远)
最高级
be
pleased
with
sb./sth.对某人/某事感到满意/16.
高兴
17.
not …at
all 根本,
一点也不
18.
play
against 与…..对打/对抗
19.
train
hard 努力训练
1.
just
now刚才
2.
grow
up长大
show
sth.
to
sb.=show
sb.
sth.向某人展示某物
4.
be
called/named被叫做…
5.
play
tennis 打网球
6.
look
tired 看上去很累
3.
7.
on
TV
在电视上/ 通过电视
8.
a
minute
ago 一分钟前
9.
several
minutes
ago 几分钟前
10.
as
early
as
we
can 尽可能早
11.
beat
sb. 打败某人
12.
stay
at
home 呆在家
to
me
carefully
仔细认真地听我讲
up 热身(活动/运动)
22.
keep
fit 保持健康
23.
be
late
for 迟到
24. something
exciting 令人兴奋的事
19.
in
the
final
match 在决赛中
20.
have
a
good
chance
of
doing
sth.有机会做某事
21.
cheer
sb.
on 为某人喝彩欢呼
22.
feel (more)
confident
to
do
sth.做某事觉得(更)有信心
23.
all
the
same 仍然、还是
13. bad
luck 运气不佳
14. never
mind 别介意
15.
go
to
the
stadium 去体育馆
4
24. so
that以至于
25. be
ready
for 准备好
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
二.固定结构:
1.
less
and
less越来越少。
2. more
and
more
beautiful. 越来越漂亮。
3. enjoy
doing
sth. 喜欢做某事
4. plenty
of +可数名词复数/+不可数名词
=
a
lot
of/lots
of 许多、大量
三.重点句型:
1. ——What’s
the
score? 比分是多少?
——Spain
scored
a
minute
ago. 西班牙刚进一球。
2.
So
this
week’s
match
is
already
more
exciting. 那么这周的比赛已经更加令人兴奋了。
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What’s
the
matter
with
you? 你怎么了?
Watching
is
not
dangerous
and
it’s
more
relaxing
too! 观看(球赛)不危险而且更加令人放松。
Nothing
is
more
enjoyable
than
playing
tennis. 没有什么比打网球更令人愉快的了。
We
all
arrive
as
early
as
we
can
so
that
we
have
time
to
warm
up. 我们都尽早到达以便能有时间热身。
We
are
training
harder
than
usual
because
the
other
team
beat
us
last
year.
我们比平时训练更努力,因为去年另一个队打败了我们。
8.
It’s
more
difficult
to
practise
in
winter. 在冬天训练更加困难。
9. That
means
we
have
a
better
chance
of
winning. 那意味着我们赢的机会更大。
10.
They
cheer
us
on
loudly
and
we
feel
more
confident
to
win
the
game.他们大声为我们喝彩,而我们也更有信心赢得比赛。
11.
Table
tennis
is
more
exciting
than
tennis. 乒乓球比网球更令人兴奋。
practise
more
carefully
this
week
than
last
week. 他们这周比上周练习得更加仔细。
teacher
speaks
slowly
and
carefully.老师讲得又慢又仔细。
14. I
wish
you
more
and
more
beautiful.我祝愿你越来越漂亮。
15. ---Bad
buck! 运气不佳! ---
Never
mind. 没关系。
16.
The
water
in
the
pool
is
getting
less
and
less.池子里的水变得越来越少。
四.语法要点:
1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的特殊用法:
1). the +比较级,the + 比较级 越…..越…..
The
harder
you study,
the
better grades
you
will
get.你学习越努力,你取得的成绩越好。
2).比较级+比较级 越来越….. It`s hotter and hotter.天气越来越热了。
2. also,
too, as
well的用法区别:
also用于句中,too 用于句末,但有逗号,
as
well用于句末,但没有逗号
Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
一、重点短语:
1.
get
on
well
with
sb.与某人相处融洽
2.
in
fact事实上
3.
an
accident 一次事故
4.
how
often多久一次
5.
take
part
in 参加
6.
an
eight-year-old
boy 一个八岁的男孩
7.
have
to
do
sth.不得不去做某事
8.
get
home 到家
9.
take
the
/
a
bus
10.
by
bus 乘公共汽车
5
11.
take
a
taxi=
by
taxi 乘出租车
12.
close
to 靠近、接近
13.
book
the
ticket 订票
14.
far (away)
from 远离、离…..远
15.
much /
heavy
traffic 交通拥堵、拥挤
16.
except
sb. 除了某人
17.
as
much
as 与……一样多
18.
the
same
as 与…..一样
19.
be
different
from 与…..不同
20.
all
the
time 一只,总是
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
21.
have
a
nice
trip 旅途愉快
22.
most
of …… ……的大部分
二、固定结构:
23.
wait
for 等候
24.
how
far多远(提问路程多远)
1. walk
to =
go
to …on
foot 走路/步行
2.
how
soon多久以后(用in+一段时间提问,通常用于一般将来时
3.
second
cheapest
/
longest 第二便宜/长
4.
It
takes
/
took
sb.
some
timemoney
to
do
sth. 花费某人多长时间多少钱去做某事。
5.
because
of +名词(短语)、代词
6.
because +句子
三.重点句型:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
He
lives the farthest from school.
他住得离学校最远。
What
happened? 怎么了?
There
was
a
road
accident,
and
the
traffic
was
very
heavy. 路上发生了事故,交通很拥堵。
But
nobody
was
late,
except
me. 但除了我没有人迟到。
It’s
the
most
comfortable
way,
but
it’s
also
the
most
expensive. 这是最舒适的方式,但它也是最昂贵的。
How
long
does
the
journey
take
and
what
is
the
best
way
to
travel? 旅途花多长时间,最好的出行方式是什么?
The
more
information
,
the
better. 信息越多越好。
A
journey
by
train
is
more
relaxing
than
by
coach,
but
a
lot
more
expensive. 乘火车旅行比长途汽车更令人放松,但也贵得多。
9.
Book
your
ticket
before
you
book
your
hotel.在订房间之前先订票。
10.
It’s
better
to
go
to
Shanghai
first. 最好先去上海。
11.
Thanks
for
your
help. 感谢你的帮忙。
12.
Have
a
nice
trip! 祝你旅途快乐!
四. 语法要点:
1. 形容词和副词最高级:(见模块3《语法要点》)
2.反意疑问句:遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原则,另外反意疑问句必须换成主语的代词,谓语动词在时态和人称上要保持一致。隐形否定词即实际上表示否定意义的词:never
/
hardly
/
few
/
little
/
nothing
/
no
反问部分结构如下:
①
there
be→be
there? (be形式不同) ⑥ 一般现在时→do/does +主语?
⑦ 现在进行时→am/is/are +主语?
②
You’d
better→hadn’t
you?
⑧ 一般过去时→did +主语?
③
Let’s→shall
we?
⑨ 过去进行时→was/were+ 主语?
④
Let
us→will
you?
⑩ 情态动词→情态动词 +主语?
⑤ 祈使句→will
you?
注意:当句子里含有否定的意义时,则yes翻译成“不”,no翻译成“是”。
Module 5 Lao She Teahouse
一.重点短语:
1.
send
sb.
sth.=send
sth.
to
sb.发送某人某物
2.
think
of认为
3.
think
about考虑
4.
take
sth.
out
of 拿出
5.
take
away拿走带走
6.
get
up起床
6
7.
on
one’s
way
to …在某人去……的路上
8.
take
sb.
to
sw. 到某人到某地
9.
in
the
twentieth
century 在二十世纪
10.
after
finishing
school 毕业后
11.
be
named/called… 被称为……
12.
agree
to
do
sth.同意去做某事
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
13.
magic
show魔术表演
14.
traditional
food/festival传统食物/节日
15.
give
a
warm
welcome
to
sb.热烈欢迎(某人)
16.
all
over
the
world 全世界
二、固定结构:
17.
be
glad/happy
to
do
sth.高兴做某事
18.
offer
to
do
sth.主动提出去做某事
19.
agree
with
sb.同意某人
20.
plan
to
do
sth 计划做某事4.
in
the
end =
at
last=finnally 最后、最终
5.
one
of + 可数名词复数 …...之一
6.
one
of + 最高级+可数名词复数 最….之一
7.
buy
sb.
sth.=buy
sth.
for
sb. 为某人买某物1. every/each(每个)+V.单数
2. No
idea. =
I
have
no
idea. =
I
don’t
know.不知道
3.
make
sb.
do
sth. 使某人做某事
三.重点句型:
1.
I
want
to
see
the
Beijing
Opera. 我想去看京剧。
2.
So
Lingling
offered
to
take
me
there. 因此玲玲主动提出带我去那儿。
3.
It
was
difficult
to
understand
the
words. 理解台词很困难。
4.
It
describes
the
changes
in
Chinese
society. 它描述中国社会的变迁。
5.
I
hope
to
understand
more
next
time. 我希望下次能够理解更多。
6.
Teahouse
is
one
of
Lao
She’s
most
famous
plays. 《茶馆》是老舍最著名话剧之一。
7.
Lao
She
Teahouse
gives
a
warm
welcome
to
everyone
from
all
over
the
world.老舍茶馆热烈欢迎来自世界各地的人们。
8.
He
was
named “the
People’s
Artist”. 他被誉为“人民艺术家”。
9. ---Did
you
enjoy
it? 你喜欢它(京剧)吗?
---Well,
it
was
interesting.
That’s
the
main
thing.嗯,它(京剧)很有趣,那是重要的事。
10.--Who
is
Lao
She? 谁是老舍?
--No
idea. =
I
don’t
know. 我不知道。
11. Who
is
it
by? 由谁创作的?
四.语法要点:
1. 动词不定式(1):动词不定式属于非谓语动词,通常表示将来的行为(即尚未发生的动作),除了不能作谓语以外,其他成分均可作。
1.动词不定式作主语:To study English is easy.= It`s easy to study English.(it是形式主语,to study English是○真正主语)
2.动词不定式作宾语:及物动词后面的动词不定式即是宾语,如:
○I want to go. They need to learn something new.
2.双宾语:双宾语由直接宾语(是物)和间接宾语(是人)组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)。
Mom often gives me some money. = Mom often gives some money to me .(me是间接宾语,money是直接宾语)
Who teaches us maths? (us是间接宾语,maths是直接宾语)
Module 6 Animals in danger
一、重点短语:
1.
2.
3.
4.
get
close
to 接近, 靠近
be
interested
to
do
sth. 感兴趣去做某事
in
danger 处于危险中, 濒临灭绝
take
away 带走, 拿走
7
5.
6.
7.
8.
look
after 照顾、照管、看管、照料
find
out 找出、查明
protect
the
animals 保护动物
in
the
wild 在野外
最新外研版英语八年级上册知识点总结(精华版)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
二、固定结构:
1.
be/get/become
interested
in
sth./doing
sth对某事/做某事感兴趣
lose
their
home 失去家园
do
a
lot
of
research 做大量研究
in
order
to +do
sth. 为了做某事
set
up
natures
parks 设立自然公园
develop
plans 制定计划
go
back
to =return
to 回归、回到
work
hard 努力工作学习
be
worried
about =worry
about 担心
a
symbol
of … 的象征/标志
18.
raise
money 集资,筹款
19.
have
a
safe
place
to
live 有安全住处
20.
in
peace和平的
21.
hear
of
sth. 听说
22.
a
fan
of …的粉丝
23.
not
only…..but
also…..不但……而且……
24.
allow
sb.
to
do
sth. 允许某人做某事
25.
stop
sb.(from)doing
sth. 阻止某人做某事
26.
ask
sb. (not)
to
do
sth. 叫某人(不)做某事
2. I
don’t
believe
it! 我不相信它!
3. sure
of/about
sth. 对某事有把握、确信
4.
be
sure
to
do
sth. 确信去做某事
5.
What’s
your
favourite… ?你最喜欢的……是什么?
三.重点句子:
1.
I
am
more
interested
to
see
the
pandas
in
the
Wolong
Panda
Reserve. 我对看卧龙保护区的熊猫更加感兴趣。
2.
Because
it
allow
people
to
get
closer
to
them.因为它允许人们更加接近它们。
3.
It’s
sad
to
think
of
the
pandas
and
other
animals
in
danger. 想起熊猫和其他频危动物就令我伤心。
4.
Many
wild
animals
don’t
have
a
safe
place
to
live. 许多野生动物没有安全的栖身之所。
5.
I
think
we
need
to
help
animals
live
in
peace.我想我们需要帮助动物们和平地生活。
6.
Let’s
find
out
what
else
we
can
do
to
save
as
many
animals
as
possible. 让我们找找我们还能为保护尽可能多的动物做些什么别的事?
7.
The
WWF
is
working
hard
to
save
them. 世界自然基金会正努力挽救所有动物。
8.
There
are
only
about 1,600
pandas
living
in
the
wild
today.今天只剩下大约1,600只熊猫生活在野外。
9.
Each
panda
needs
to
eat
a
lot
of
bamboo
every
day. 每天每只熊猫要吃掉许多竹子。
10.
The
zoo
asks
us
not
to
feed
the
animals. 动物园要求我们不能投喂动物。
10. We
should
work
hard
to
stop
people
killing
tigers. 我们应该努力阻止人们杀戮老虎。
11. We
need
to
protect
them
better. 我们需要更好地保护它们。
四.语法要点:
1. 动词不定式(2)
1.动词不定式作宾语补足语:
○Mr Han told us not to make too much noise. (不定式的否定式:not to do)
His words made us laugh. (使役动词make,let,have以及感官动词, hear,see,feel等,后面的不定式要省去to)
2.动词不定式作目的状语:
○He studies hard to get better grades.
2.
interested
与interesting 的区别:interested用于修饰人(加-ed)表示对……感兴趣,interesting用于修饰物(加-ing)表示某事或某物本身有趣。
通常加-ed用于人,加-ing用于修饰物,如:
excited /
bored
/
relaxed/surprised修饰人,exciting/
boring /
relaxing
/
surprising 修饰物
Module 7 A famous story
8
一.重点短语:
1.
by
the
river在河边
2.
be
late晚的,迟的
3.
on
the
grass在草地上
4.
smile
at
sb.朝某人微笑
5.
fall
down=go
down摔落
6.
have
nothing
to
do无事可做
7.
run
by/
past 跑过
8.
have
a
tea
party 开茶会
9.
once
or
twice 一两次
10.
see
/
hear
sb.
do
sth. 看见、听见某人做某事
11.
think
about 考虑、思考
12.
too…to 太……而不能
13.
take
out
of 从…..拿出
14.
run
after 追赶、追逐
二. 固定结构
15.
one
day 有一天
16.
try
to
do
sth.
17.
try
one’s
best
to
do
sth.尽力去做某事
18.
hear
from=receive/get
a
letter
from收到某人来信
19.
thanks
for
sth. 感谢某人
20.
smile
at
everyone 对每个人微笑
21.
can’t
wait
to
do
sth.等不及去做某事
22.
wear
glasses戴眼镜
23.
at
first首先reach
sw.
24.
sound
like听起来像
25.
the
captain
of……的队长
26.
work
hard努力工作
27.
get/be
angry
with
sb. 对某人生气
28.
be
angry
at/about
sth. 对某事生气
29.
a
bit=a
little有点儿
1. a
girl
called
Alice 一个名字叫做爱丽丝的女孩
6. arrive
at+小地点
2. with
a
watch 带着一块手表
7. arrive
in +大地点
3. What’s
the
matter
with
you? 你怎么了?
8. what
for=why 为什么
9.
be
afraid+句子
=What’s
wrong
with
you?
4. in
a
tree (人或外来物)在树上
10. be
afraid
to
do
sth.害怕做某事
5.
(on
a
tree 水果) 在树上
11. be
afraid
of
doing
sth.
担心(害怕)会发生某事(是一种无意行为)
He was afraid to swim because she was afraid of drowning.他不敢游泳,因为他担心会被淹死
12. smell/look/taste/feel/sound/turn/get
(变得)/
become+adj.
三.重点句子:
1.
What’s
the
book
about? 这本书是关于什么的?
2.
It’s
about
a
girl
called
Alice. 它是关于一个叫作爱丽丝的女孩的故事。
3.
Alice
was
sitting
with
her
sister
by
the
river
and
she
saw
a
white
rabbit
with
a
watch. 爱丽丝正和她姐姐坐在河边,这时她看到一只带着手表的白兔。
4.
Alice
followed
it
and
fell
down
a
hole
in
the
ground. 爱丽丝跟着它,然后掉进地上的一个洞里。
1.
It
was
sitting
in
a
tree
and
smiling
at
everyone. 它坐在一棵树上并对每个人微笑。
2.
They
were
having
a
tea
party
in
the
garden. 他们正在花园里开茶会。
3.
She
was
playing
a
strange
game. 她在玩一个怪异的游戏。
4.
Alice
had
nothing
to
do. 爱丽丝无事可做。
5.
Once
or
twice
she
looked
into
her
sister’s
book. 偶尔她看一下姐姐的书。
6.
There
was
nothing
strange
about
that. 关于那个没有什么奇怪的。
7.
Alice
got
up
and
ran
across
the
field
after
it. 爱丽丝站起来后跟着它跑过田野。
8.
She
found
that
she
was
falling
down
a
very,
very
deep
hole. 她发现她掉进一个很深很深的洞里。
9.
It
was
too
dark
for
her
to
see
anything. 太黑了,她看不见任何东西。
四.语法要点:
1.过去进行时(1):表示过去某个时刻正在做某事。基本结构:主语+was
/
were
+
doing 表示过去进行时的时间短语有:at
that
time,
at
that
moment,
at
this
time
yesterday,
at…o’clock
yesterday,
from…to…last
night
9
When/While we were having supper at 6
o’
yesterday, the light went out.昨天下午6点钟我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭了.
2.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行或持续的动作;一般过去时表示过去的时间里所发生的动作,所表示的动作往往已经完成。如:
I was writing to my friend at 8 o`clock last night.昨晚八点我在给朋友写信。(信可能还没有写完)
I wrote to my friend last night.昨晚我给朋友写了一封信。(信已经写完)
Module 8 Accidents
一.重点短语:
1.
round
the
corner 在拐角处
2.
fall
off 从…..摔下来
3.
behind
the
fridge 在冰箱后
4.
in
time 及时
5.
on
time 按时、准时
6.
the
risk
of …..的危险、风险
7.
take
the
risk
of 冒…..的危险
8.
pay
attention 注意、专心
9.
a
few
days
earlier / ago几天前
10.
pick
up 捡起,拾起
11.
in
great
pain 剧痛中
12.
take
a
photo 照相
13.
take
a
photo
of … 给…..照相
三. 固定结构
14.
as
soon
as 一……就
15.
on
the
road 在路上
16.
send…
to … 送……到……
17.
show
sb.
sth
.=show
sth.
to
sb.给某人看(展示)某物
18.
the
map
of…..的地图
19.
hurt
badly 伤得很严重
20.
welcome
to… 欢迎到、来…..
21.
a
clear
day晴朗的一天
22.
get
off下车
get
on上车
23.
as
usual 象往常一样
24.
happen
to
do
sth. 恰巧做某事
25.
climb
out 爬出1. pay
attention
to +sth./doing
sth.
2.
as
you
know 正如你所知道的
3.
side
by
side=
shoulder
to
shoulder肩并肩地,并排地
4.
change
to
red 变成红色
三.重点句子:
5.
a
clear
day晴朗的一天
6.
get
worse 变得严重/糟糕
7.
over
there在那儿
8.
do
some
shopping=go
shopping
1.
While
the
lights
were
changing
to
red,
a
car
suddenly
appeared. 当交通灯正要变红时,一辆小车突然出现。
2.
I
was
waiting
to
cross
the
road. 我正等待过马路。
3.
And
the
driver
was
talking
on
his
mobile
phone. 司机正用他的手机打电话。
4.
So
when
you’re
on
your
bike,
think
about
the
risk
of
an
accident! 所以当你骑自行车时,考虑事故发生的危险。
5.
Don’t
ride
side
by
side
with
your
friends. 不要和你的朋友并排骑车。
6.
As
he
was
lying
there
in
great
pain. 他躺在那里,疼得厉害。
7.
The
car
stopped
just
in
time,
but
the
boy
fell
off
his
bike…..
汽车及时停了下来,但是男孩从自行车上摔了下来……
8.
Pay
attention,
stop
at
the
red
lights
and ……what
else? 注意,红灯处要停下来……还有什么?
9.
I
was
trying
to
pick
it
up
when
it
bit
me
again. 我正试图捡起它(那条蛇),突然它(蛇)又咬了我一口。
10.
I
threw
it
across
the
kitchen,
and
it
landed
on
a
table. 我把它(蛇)扔向厨房的另一面,它(蛇)掉落在桌子上。
3.--You
look
pale.
Are
you
all
right? 你看起来脸色苍白,你好吗?
---I’m
OK.
But
I
saw
an
accident. 我很好,但是我看见了一次事故。
13. I
was
walking
along
the
street
when
the
accident
happened. 当事故发生时,我正在街上走。
四.语法要点:
10
1.过去进行时(2):
when 与while从句与过去进行时连用的区别:
1). when所引导的时间状语从句即可以指时间点也可以指时间段,而while只指时间段。when即可以引导终止性单词也可以引导延续性动词;而while 只能引导延续性动词。如:
They arrived while we were having dinner.= They arrived when we were having dinner.我们吃饭的时候他们到了.
2). 由when所引导的时间状语从句,如主句用过去进行时、从句用一般过去时,则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作(突然)发生了,强调后一动作的突然性。如:
We were chatting when he came in.= While we were chatting , he came in.
我们正在聊天,他(突然)进来了。
3).当主句和从句动作都是延续性的或同时发生的,主句从句都用过去进行时的时候,则用while
引导。如:
I was doing my homework while mom was cooking.我在做作业的时候妈妈正在煮饭。
Module 9 Population
一.重点短语:
1.
prepare
for =get
ready
for 为…..做准备
2. an
eight-year-old
girl 一个8岁大的女孩
3.
growing
/increasing
population正在增长的人口
4.
one
fifth
of 五分之一的
9.
be
excited
to
do
sth.兴奋去做某事
10.
make /let/have
sb.
do
sth.使/让某人做某事
11.
have
no
place
to
live
in没有地方可住
12.
look
for寻找
fifths
of 五分之二的
6.
hang
on
a
minute=wait
a
minute
=wait
a
moment等一下
7.
in
danger处于危险中
8.
go
back返回
二.固定结构
13. find
out查清(通过研究找出结果)
14.
make
a
plan定一个计划
15.
not…any
more 不再…..
16. close
down 关闭;关停
17.
solve
a
problem 解决问题
much + 不可数名词 太多的
many + 可数名词复数
too+adj. 太......
too
heavy=too
heavy 太重
as没有逗号,后面一般加名词或者短语
三.重点句子:
6.
for
example一般有逗号,后面一般加句子
7.
fewer
and
fewer越来越少 + 可数名词
8. .
less
and
less 越来越少 +不可数名词
9. more
and
more越来越多 +可数、不可数名词
10.
adj. +
enough
to
do
sth.足够…..去做某事
1.
The
population
of
China
is
about 1.37
billion.中国人口大约是十三亿七千万。
2.
Beijing
is
a
huge
city
with
a
big
population. 北京是一个拥有众多人口的大城市。
3.
Population
increase
is
a
big
problem
in
many
countries. 人口增长问题在许多国家都是一个大问题。
4.
That
causes
a
lot
of
problems,
such
as
too
much
traffic
and
noise.那样会造成很多问题,例如交通拥堵和噪声太多。
5.
I
can’t
believe! 我简直无法相信!
6.
It
takes
an
hour
to
get
there
by
bus. 乘公共汽车去那里需要花一个小时。
7.
It
is
clear
that
Arnwick
needs
more
school. 显然,阿恩维克需要更多的学校。
8.
What’s
the
population
of
China?中国的人口是多少?
9.
That’s
almost
one
fifth
of
the
world’s
population.那几乎是世界人口的五分之一。
10.
Hang
on
a
minute!
I’ll
write
that
down
too! 等等!我要把这点也记下来!
四.语法要点:
1.冠词:(Article)是一种虚词,本身不能独立使用,只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,只有三个,一种是不定冠词(Indefinite Article) a,an,一种是定冠词(Definite Article) the, 此外也有些特定场合不用冠词,即通常所称的零冠词(Zero Article)
11
1). 不定冠词的用法:
A. ①泛指—类人或物。eg. This is a pencil case.
②指不具体的某个人或物。eg. I met an old man on my way home.
③用在序数词前,相当于another. eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.
④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every. eg. They have music lessons twice a week.
B. a与an的用法区别:a用于辅音(指的是音标,而不是辅音字母)开头的词前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
a boy, a university u是元音字母,但发音是/j/是辅音。
an hour ,an honor , h是辅音字母,但它不发音,它的音标是是元音。
2). 定冠词(the)的用法:
1. 世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙) The sun rises in the east.
2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Where is the teacher? Open the door.
3. 指前文提过的人或事物。 I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.
4. 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 Give me the book.
5. 用在方位名词前 in the south, in the west ,in the north
6. 用在序数词或形容词最高级前, The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.
He is the tallest one in our class.
7.
用于江河湖海,山脉等地理名词前以及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Alps,the Great Wall
8.
用于(西洋)乐器前面,如:play the guitar
9.用于姓氏前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇”,如:the Greens, the Wangs
10.用于固定短语,如:at the moment, in the morning
3). 零冠词:
A. 在球类活动、学科名称前以及月份星期前不用冠词。We have Chinese or English in the morning.
B.名称前面已经有指示代词、物主代词或数词等作定语时,则不用冠词。This book is mine.
C.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中不用冠词,如:by bus, at night, in trouble
注意:在某些词组在用与不用冠词分别代表不同意义:in class(在课堂上),in the class(在班上),
in hospital
(生病住院) ,
in the hospital(在医院里),at table(在吃饭),at the table(在桌子旁)
4. 数字的读法:
三位数读法:几百和几十几,用and连接百位与后面两位数 如: 365:three hundred and sixty five
多位数读法:由右向左每3位有一逗号,逆向第一个逗号读thousand;向左再推三位,第二个逗号读million;第三个逗号读billion (十亿);第四个逗号就是trillion(兆)。如:134582160读作:one hundred and thirty four million five
hundred and eighty two thousand one hundred and sixty
Module 10 The weather
一.重点短语:
1.
come
on 快点,加油,赶快
2.
quite
a
lot 相当多,非常多
3.
on
the
lake 在湖面上
4.
all
year
round 全年
5.
had
better(not)do
sth.最好(不)做某事
6.
compare
with 与……对比
7.
from
time
to
time 时不时地
8.
though/although虽然
12
9.
take
place发生
10.
the
story
of……的故事
11.
the
centre
of…..的中心
12.
pay…
for …为….付费(花费)
13.
so…
that 如此…..以至于
14.
take /bring
sb.
around
sw带某人到处参观
15.
the
best
place
to
do
sth. 做某事最好的地方
16.
the
best
time
to
do
sth. 做某事最好的时节
17.
play
a
joke
with
sb. 跟某人开玩笑
18.
between…and…在……和……之间
19.
from…to…从...到...
20.
quite
a
lot 很多
二. 固定结构
1.
heavy rain大雨
2.
strong wind大风
5. have
a
good
time=enjoy
oneself 玩得高兴/过得愉快
21.
from
time
to
time 经常
22.
turn
gold 变黄
23.
get
warm 变暖
24.
take
photos
of…… 给……拍照
You
are
welcome. /
That’s
all
right.=That’s
OK. 不用谢
6. be
born
in +地点./on+日期(具体某一天)
7.
one
of 最高级+可数名词复数+V.单数
must
be
joking!=You
can’t
be
serious.
三.重点句子:
1.
What’s
the
weather
like
in
America
in
winter,
Betty? 贝蒂,美国的冬天天气怎么样?
2. What’s
the
weather
like
today? =
How
is
the
weather
today?今天天气怎么样?
What
will
the
weather
be
like
tomorrow ? =How
will
the
weather
be
tomorrow? 明天天气将会是怎么样?
3.
You
can
go
to
Hainan
Island
if
you
like
sunny
weather. 如果你喜欢晴朗的天气,你可以去海南岛。
4.
Not
usually,
although
this
year
it
snowed
quite
a
lot. 这里不常下雪,虽然今年雪下得有点多。
5.
The
weather
gets
cooler,
and
the
leaves
start
to
turn
gold,
then
brown. 天气变得更凉爽,绿叶也开始变成金黄色,然后变成棕色。
6.
If
you
want
to
visit
Alaska,
you
had
better
go
in
summer. 如果你想去阿拉斯加,你最好在夏天去。
7.
There
are
storms
from
time
to
time
in
summer
and
autumn. 但是在夏天和秋天时常会有暴风雨。
8.
What’s
the
temperature? 气温是多少?
9. ---I
don’t
like
showers
or
windy
weather. 我不喜欢阵雨和刮风的天气。
---Me
neither. 我也不喜欢。
10.
When
is
the
best
time
to
visit
your
country? 参观你的国家的最好时节是什么时候?
11.
Come
on,
better
get
going! 好了,走吧!
四、 语法要点:
1.情态动词(1):
may/might表示 “可能”
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,虽然有一定词义,但不受主语人称和数的变化影响后面始终跟动词原形,否定式在情态动词后面加not.
表示可能发生某事时用may/might,might是may的过去式,might表示的可能性比may要小。
例如:He may be at home.
他可能在家。
Tom may not know about it.
汤姆可能不知道这件事。
I was afraid you might not agree with me.
我担心你可能不同意我的意见。
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.
他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。
除了may/might表示 “可能”以外,还可以用will以及表示 “可能”的形容词或副词来表达,常用的有:
It is possible to do sth. It is possible that … ,
主语+will probably/possibly + v.
例如:
Is possible to finish the task on time.按时完成任务有可能吗?
It is possible that it will rain.有可能会下雨。
It
will probably be hot.天气很可能会热。
2.不定代词(Indefinite
pronouns):
13
some,any,one,each,all,every,no,none,both,none,much,many,nothing,either,neither,somebody…
复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词要后置:somebody/adybody/nobody)+adj.(形容词)
Module 11 Way of life
一.重点短语:
1.
do
some
cleaning扫地
2.
tell
me
more说的更多点
3.
on
the
first
day
of 在第一天
4.
taste
great 尝起来美味
5.
get
to
know 认识
6.
something
interesting 有趣的事情
7.
for
the
first
time 初次,第一次
8.
have
afternoon
tea 喝下午茶
9.
a
light
meal 便餐
10.
not
just…but (also) 不仅……而且
三. 固定结构
11.
at
around 4
pm.四点钟左右
12.
take
it
away 带走
13.
drink
tea
with
milk 喝加油牛奶的茶
14.
stand/
wait
in
a
line 排队
the
age
of +数字 在…..岁时
16.
immediately=at
once=right
now 马上/立刻
17.
use
sth.
for
sth. 用什么做…..
18.
with
both
hands 用双手
19.
have
one’s
hair
cut 理发
20.
touch
sb.
on
the
shoulder
=
touch
one’s
shoulder碰某人肩膀
1. do
some
reading 看书
2. do
some
shopping 购物
3.
in
the
west 在西方
三.重点句子:
1.
What
a
surprise! 多么惊喜啊!
4. happy
birthday 生日快乐
5.
on
the
left-hand
side (of) 在左边
6. on
the
right-hand
side (of) 在右边
7.
for
example 例如
2.
And
you
mustn’t
break
anything .
It’s
bad
luck.而且,你千万别打破东西,这不吉利。
3.
And
you’d
better
not
cut
your
hair
during
the
Spring
Festival. 在春节期间你最好不要理发。
4.
For
example,
you
must
say
Mr
or
Mrs
when
you
meet
someone
for
the
first
time.
例如,初次与人见面时,你必须称呼先生或女士。
5.
Sometimes
people
are
slow
to
get
on
the
bus. 有时候人们慢慢上公共汽车。
6.
You
need
to
stand
in
line
and
wait
your
turn. 上公共汽车时, 你需要排队按顺序上。
7.
You
can’t
be
serious! 你不会是认真的吧!
8.
Afternoon
tea
is
not
a
drink
but
a
light
meal
at
around 4pm.下午茶不仅仅是喝茶,而且是下午4点左右的一顿便餐。
9.
Fish
and
chips
is
traditional
food
in
England. 炸鱼加炸薯条是英国的传统食物。
10.
You
can
take
it
away
and
eat
it
with
your
fingers!你可以把它带走,然后直接用手拿着吃。
四.语法要点
1.情态动词(2):must, can, need等的用法
1). must
a.表示义务意为“必须,一定要”,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。否定式是must not(缩写形式是mustn`t)表示“不能,禁止”
We must do everything step by step.
我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You mustn’t talk to her like that.
你不可能那样对她说话。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now?
我们现在就要交练习本吗?
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
不必。(这种情况下,一般不用mustn’t)
b.表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。
14
c. must与have to的区别:两者均表示“必须”,must强调说话者的主观看法,have to强调客观需要,有“不得不,被
迫”之意
2). can
a. 表示“能力”,否定式是
cannot或can`t. (以前学过)。如: He can speak English.他能说英语。
b.表示“可能”,否定式是
cannot或can`t. (以前学过)。如:
He
can’t
have
enough
money
for
a
new
house. 他不可能有足够的钱买新房子。
c.表示“许可,可以”,否定式是
cannot或can`t
表示“不能,不可以”,语气比must not(mustn`t)要弱。
Can
I
have
a
look
at
your
new
cellphone? 我可以看一看你的新手机吗?
You can`t put the milk in first.你不能先倒牛奶。(无禁止的含义)
3). need
need作情态动词表示“需要”主要用于疑问句和否定句,也可用于肯定句。否定式是
need not或needn`t表示“不需要”或“不必要”。
If you want anything, you need only ask.如果你需要什么,说一声就行了。
You needn`t wait for him.你不必等他。
4). must, can, need的一般疑问句的构成及回答
must开头的一般疑问句肯定回答用must,但否定回答不能用must来回答。如:
--Must I come tomorrow? --Yes, you must. --No, you needn`t / don`t have to.
can
开头的一般疑问句肯定回答用can来回答,否定句用can`t回答。如:
--Can I go now?
我现在能走了吗?
--Yes, you can. / No, you can`t.
可以 / 不行。
need开头的一般疑问句肯定回答用must来回答,但否定回答不能mustn`t, 而是用needn`t来回答。如:
--Need I report it to the headmaster?我要向校长报告这件事吗?
--Yes, you must.是的,你必须报告。(表示必须做)
--No, you needn`t.不,没必要。(表示没有必要)
Module 12 Help
一.重点短语:
1.
hang
on 等等/别挂断
2.
first
aid 急救
3.
stop
to
do
sth.停下来去做某事
4.
stop
doing
sth. 停下来正在做的事情
5.
first
of
all 首先,第一
6.
at
the
bottom
of 在…..的底部
7.
15.
let
sb.
do
sth.让某人做某事
16.
stay
out呆在外面
have
trouble/difficulty
doing
sth.做某事有困难/麻烦
8.
make
a
sound 出声、发出声音
9.
make
noise 制造噪音
10.
hear
sb.
doing
sth.听到某人正在做某事
11.
hear
sb.
do
sth. 听到某人做过某事.
12. catch/ have
a
cold感冒
13.
catch
a
bus赶公共汽车
14.
catch
up
with
sb./sth.追赶某人/某物
二.固定结构:
15
17. keep
calm 保持镇定、冷静
18.
jump
out
of 从…..跳出
19.
keep
clear
of 与…..不接触、不靠近
20.
a
part
of… …..的一部分
careful
of 小心 ,注意
22.
stay / move
away
from 离开,远离
23.
run
away
from 从……逃跑
24.
in
short 总之,简言之
a
beach 在海滩上
26.
warn
sb.
about
sth. 警告某人某事
27. shout
for
help 大声呼救
28.
lift
up 抬起,提起
1. a
few+可数名词复数: (表示肯定)
2.
a
little +不可数名词: (表示肯定)
3.
few+可数名词复数:几乎没有…..(表示否定)
4. little+不可数名词:几乎没有……(表示否定)
三.重点句子:
1.
But
he
could
have
trouble
hearing
you
or
speaking
to
you. 但是他有可能很难听到你说话或者和你说话。
2.
Make
him
comfortable. 让他觉得舒服。
3.
Make
sure
he
is
warm. 确保他不受凉。
4.
That’s
such
good
advice
that
you
could
be
a
doctor,
Betty! 那是个如此好的建议,以至于你都可以当医生了,贝蒂。
5.
In
the
mountains,
be
careful
of
falling
rocks.在山区,千万要小心滚石。
6.
Stay
away
from
windows
and
heavy
furniture. 远离窗户和很重的家具。
7.
Keep
calm,
especially
when
you’re
with
other
people. 保持头脑清醒,特别是和别人在一起的时候。
8.
In
short,
follow
what
you
learn
in
school.总之,要严格按你在学校学的去做。
9.
It
can’t /
couldn’t
be
the
headmaster.
He
has
gone
to
America. 这不可能是校长,校长去美国了。
10.
No
smoking! 禁止吸烟!
11.
Do
not
jump
out
of
high
buildings. 不要从高建筑物跳下。
12.
Leave
the
building
quickly
when
the
ground
stops
shaking,
but
do
not
use
the
lift. 当地面停止晃动时,赶快离开建筑物,但不要乘电梯。
13.
What
can
we
do
to
help
him? 我们能做些什么帮助他?
14.
What
to
do
in
an
earthquake? 在地震中需要做些什么?
15.
What
should
we
do
before
help
arrives? 在救援者到来之前我们应做些什么?
四.语法要点
1.祈使句:表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、命令或请求等。通常以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化。常见句型有:
1).
动词原形构成的祈使句
Don`t waste your money!别浪费钱了!
Make sure he is safe.确保他安全。
Never be late again!
别再迟到了! Please be quiet, kids!
孩子们,请安静!
2). let`s
构成的祈使句
Let`s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。
Let`s go shopping, shall we?我们去购物好吗?
3). let`s
无动词祈使句
Just a moment, please!
请稍等!
This way, please!
这边请!
2. can, could must,表示推测
1). can
和could表示“能力,可以”,还可表示对现在或将来的推测,意思是“会,可以,can表示推测时”,用于疑问句和否定句。用于疑问句时,can比could表示的“可能性”大;用于否定句时,can`t/ cannot表示“不可能”。如:You can`t be serious!你不是认真的吧!
could则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。如:
You could be in pain.
你可能很疼。
That could be useful.那可能有用。
Can/could it be true?
它有可能是真的吗?
2).情态动词must也可表示推测,表示“一定,准是”,但通常只用于肯定句。如:
Betty, you must know! 贝蒂,你肯定知道!
3. both 、either和
neither的用法区别
both(两者都)后面跟动词的复数形式,
either(两者中的任何一个)后面跟动词的单数形式,
neither(两者都不)后面跟动词的单数形式 。
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