研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结

研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结

第一篇：研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结

研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

1、When Chou en-lai’s door opened they saw a slender

man of more than a average height with gleaming eyes and a

face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到一个身材修长的人，身高中等偏上，目光炯炯有神，面部轮廓分明，称得上清秀。

2、If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the

City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into

trouble , he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad is

well known.上周日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者若不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞送回布劳德街十号为妙。此君是谁，人尽皆知。

3、I have pinned a note on the notice board as reminder of

our meeting next week.（词类转换）

我在布告牌上别了个纸条用来提醒我们下周见面。

4、This essay is a proof of his capability of using the “right”

word at the right place.（词类转换）

这篇文章说明他把词用的很得体。

5、The complexity of the road map puzzled the truck driver.（词类转换）

交通图非常复杂，使卡车司机如坠迷雾。

6、Admission by Invitation Only.（词类转换）

非请莫入。

7、He loses no time in practicing English.（词类转换）

他抓紧一切时间学习英语。

8、I have read your articles ,I expected to meet an older man.（词类转换）

文章已拜读，没想到你这么年轻。

9、As fire tries gold , so does adversity try courage.正如火可以试炼金子，逆境也可以考验人的勇气。研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

10、Just as no two words are truly synonyms，so no two

different expressions ,or ways of expression can mean exactly the

same thing.正如没有两个词是完全的同义词一样，也没有两种表达法能表示完全相同的意思。

11、Success is often just an idea away.（增词法）

成功与否往往只在一念之差。

12、As you were out , I left a message.你不在，我就留了一张字条。

13、As long as green hills remain , there will never be a

shortage of firewood.留得青山在不愁没柴烧。

14、Modesty helps one to go forward , whereas conceit

makes one lag behind.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

15、I have glad to have received your writing.大作已收到，十分高兴。

16、Before you hand in your translation ,you have to read it

over and over again.交翻译作业前要多读几遍。

17、She always travels first class — expense is no object（不成问题）

她总是坐头等舱旅行。花费不在话下。

18、If I had known it would come to this , I would have acted

differently.早知今日悔不当初。

19、Once the principal contradiction is grasped , all

problems can be readily solved.抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就可以迎刃而解。20、We will try to make a painter of you.我们会让你成为一名画家的。

21、A mere glance at him and I realized that he was cheating.

我只朝他瞟了一眼就知道他在作弊。

Time is of no account with great thoughts , which are as fresh

today as when they first passed through their authors’ minds

ages ago.（拆分法）

时间和伟大的思想没有关系。那些思想至今仍然和当时在头脑中闪现时的情形一样，如 研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

此鲜活。

He is the man who I am told made a fortune out of the traffic

in arms when he was in the service of a certain general in the

Middl East and subsequently lost it in one night at a gambling

house in Monaco.（拆分法）

有人告诉我曾经有这么一个人：他在中东的一个将军手下做事的时候在军火交易上发了一笔大财，后来一夜之间在摩纳哥的一家赌场又把它输光。

Before the receipt has been signed ,the money must not be

paid.（肯定/否定转换）否定：收据尚未签字之前，不得付款。肯定：付款之前，收据应签字。

If you fail to settle the payment in two weeks , we will have

to pass the matter to our legal department.（肯定/否定转换）

如果你方两周内不付清贷款的话，我方将会把此事移交本公司法律部门处理。You have had one trouble after another since you

were a boy , the money we have spent on you would make a silver

statue bigger than you.从小儿三灾八难，花的银子也照样打出你这么个银人儿来。

He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility.据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。

Theory is something but practice is everything.理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。

Water shortages are a global problem ,especially in big cities.水荒是个全球性问题，在大城市更是如此。

You are free to go out and see and meet people , and

therefore you have control over loneliness :you are not its

prisoner.（增词/减词）

你可以出去走走，去会会别人，所以。你不是孤独的俘虏，你是主人。研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

He has long been held in cordial contempt by his colleagues:

now that contempt was no longer cordial.长期以来，他的同僚们虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感；现在，除了看不起之外，亲切感都没有了。

He is no more a writer than a painter.他既不是画家，也不是作家。

He once again imparted to us his great knowledge ,

experience and wisdom.我们又一次领受了他那广博的知识。丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。

Unfortunately ,we never found out the truth.不幸的是我们从未发现事实真相。

Evidently I am to blame for it.显然这事得怪我。

Applicants who had worked at a job would receive

preference over thos tho had not.有工作经验的优先录取。

当今一些经济大案，立案查处，成绩卓然，群众拍手称快。

Nowadays , the public is clapping their hands in applause for

the great achievement we have made in placing cases on file for

investigation and prosecution concerning some serious

economic cases.澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。（语序调整）

A shining pearl on the coast of South China , Macao attracts

the word’s attention for her charm, history of great events and

glory , especially for the unusual date of December 20 ,1999.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分

之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。（合并法）研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

China is large country with four-fifths of the population

engaged in agriculture , but only one tenth of the land is

farmland , the rest being mountains , forests and places for urban

and other uses.人们通常认为，幸福就是生活富足，衣食无忧。

Happiness is generally believed to be leading a rich life

without worrying about everyday needs

在当今这个社会人们天天在和时间赛跑。(直译)In today’s

society , every single day is a race against time for everybody.弄清供求关系，就抓住了市场的牛鼻子。（意译）

The essence of marketing lies in a clear understanding of the

relationship between supply and fact that the

average Englishman’s home has become his workshop is partly

because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because

he feels , for one reason or another that he must do for himself

many household jobs for which , some years ago , he would have

hired professional help.(化繁为简)

普通英国人的家已经成了自家的工场，一方面是因为他热衷于自己动手，另一方面是因为出于某种原因，他觉得许多家务活必须自己干，而这些活在几年前他会雇专人来干的。

A negative attitude towards divorce runs consistently

through the conscience of the Chinese who , traditionally and

morally attach much importance to marriage.（化整为零，拆分法）

中国人从传统上和道德上时看重婚姻的，所以他们对离婚一般是持反对态度的。

Displays in modern zoos try to recreate as accurately as

possible the natural environment in which an animal or group of

animals is found.现代动物园尽可能的替代动物营造天然环境，在那种环境下人们看到的动物跟野外没什么两样。研究生英语读与译课后

翻译例句

When I turned around ,John was

grinning ,expectant ,studying my face intently to see if he had

pleased me ,He had.（增补法）

我转过身，只见约翰正咧着嘴笑，满脸期待的神情；他热切的目光想从我的脸上探明他是否博得了我的欢心。他确实博得了我的欢心。

In reality , the lines of division between sciences are

becoming blurred , and science again approaching the “unity”

that it had two centuries ago —although the accumulated

knowledge is enormously greater now ,and no one person can

hope to comprehend more than a fraction of it.（结构调整）

虽然现在积累起来的知识要多得多，而且任何人也只可能了解其中的一小部分，但事实上，各学科之间的界限却变得模糊不清，科学将再次近似于200年前的“大统一”状态。

那个小伙被这夜景所吸引而流连忘返。

The young man who is enchanted by the night scene does

not want to go home.外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。

Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs.新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。

Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in

new China.打得赢就打，打不赢就走。

Fight when you can win;move away when you cannot win.不但在中国，就是在西洋，他们原来也有一句俗谚，遇着你说出不可能的事情，往往揶揄地说道：“你不如尝试飞上天吧。”

Not only in China , in the West ,people would say mockingly

to anyone attempting the impossible ,”You might just as well try

to fly.”

The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.与人同乐才是真乐。研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

There has been a tremendous expansion of kindergartens in

both town and villages.城市和农村的幼儿园都在大量发展。（名词转译动词）

He went to the shop for a bottle of wine.他去小店买了一瓶酒（介词转译为动词）

In fact , the abuse of drugs has become one of America’s

most serious social problem.事实上，滥用毒品已经成为美国最为严重的社会问题之一。（名词转译为动词）

The manager is grateful to the customers for their valuable

suggestions.经理感谢顾客们提出的宝贵意见。（形容词转译为动词）

A further continuing and thus far insurmountable problem

has been descending in technological innovation in the industry.技术改进的减少始终是今后继续存在、而且目前无法解决的一个问题。

It was an elderly woman ,tall and shapely still , though

withered by time , on whom his eys fell when he stopped and

turned.他站住，转过身来，定眼一看，是个年迈妇女，个子很高，依然一副好身材，虽然受岁月折磨而显得憔悴。

He has been wedded to translation.他和翻译结下不解之缘。

The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。

Constant technological advances in soil conservation and

livestock production will be required to keep pace with this ever-growing need.为了适应这种日益增长的需求，水土保持与畜牧生产的技术需要不断进步。

他的著作在英语国家中得到广泛阅读。研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

His works are widely read in the English-speaking countries.没有调查研究，就没有发言权。

He who makes no investigation has no right to have a say.近日来，医院的效率越来越高了。

Hospitals are getting more efficient these days.我怕他会输给

大公司。

I am afraid that he may lose out to larger firms.支持不得人心的法令的政治家完全是在冒险，他可能在下次大选中失败。

A politician supporting an un popular law is sticking his neck

out;he may lose out in the next was reluctant to

accept the position , and with reason.他不愿接受这个职位，他这样做是有理由的。（介词转动词）

The new treaty would be good for ten years.这一新条约的有效期为十年。（形容词转名词）、Heavy footsteps signaled the

teacher’s approach.沉重的脚步声显示老师已经近了。（名词转动词）

It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the

organization.官方宣布，他们就给该组织的回复达成了一致意见。（副词转为名词）

The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。（名词和介词分别转为动词）

Each time out was a continuation ,not a repetition.每次出游一次。都是上次的继续而不是重复。（副词转为动词）

This program was not popular with all of the troops.研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

并不是所有军方都喜爱这一方案。（形容词转动词）

They , not unexpectedly ,did not respond.（拆分法）他们没有答复，这完全是意料中的事。

They tried in vain to blame us for the breakdown of the talks.（拆分法）他们企图把谈判破裂的责任加在我们身上，但没有成功。

You cannot legally conclude an agreement with that

company.（拆分法）你们若单独同该公司签订协议，那就是不合法的。

With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership,

his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.（拆分法）

由于害怕有人阴谋推翻自己的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信。但

所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己想象出来的。

Follow his advice and you will surely make good

performance at the interview.如果你听从他的忠告，就一定会在面试中表现出色。

Come early or you may not find a good seat in the lecture

hall.早点来，否则找不到讲座教室里的好座位。

It is no surprise that the move that more financial aid be

provided to the country at war was rejected by the Congress.有动议要求对处于战时的该国增加资金援助，但该动议遭到众议院的拒绝，这一结果并不令人意外。

The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the

lack of tansport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the

information media.由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会与外界是隔绝的。而通讯工具的不足则使这种 研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

隔绝状态变得更加严重。

Not surprisingly , the decline of the dollar has not affected

the price-be-damned luxury car market.美元贬值并没有影响高档轿车的销售量，这并不奇怪。

Presumably , he needed to feel cornered so he would

outperform everyone ,almost as though he enjoyed overcoming

adversity and showing off his brilliance and subtlety.情况或许是这样：他需要感到被别人逼到绝境，这样才好背水一战，胜人一筹，就仿佛他乐于战胜逆境，以显示自己的聪明才智一般。

生产上去了，效益提高了，少数人也因此升官发财了，但数百名工人却被无缘无故地解雇了，真令人不可思议。

It is beyond our understanding that hundreds of workers

were dismissed without a sound reason in spite of the fact that

the production had been on a rise ,the profits enhanced and with

this a few had been promoted with a pay rise.他在国有企业当科

长，除了工资之外，可能还有点隐性收入，为什么辞职不干到外企去呢，我真弄不明白。

I really cannot understand why he should have resigned and

gone to a foreign business as he served as a section head in a

state-owned business , possibly with some under-the –table

were ready to be disposed of by their parents if

alive , or otherwise by their nearest relations.（增词）

如其父母健在，由父母领回。若父母已故，由其近亲代领。

In order to survive , to feed , clothe and shelter himself and

his children , man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。

妈妈已经退休，主要忙于家务，为全家准备可口的饭菜，营造舒适的生活环境。研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

Retired already , Mother is engaged mainly in housework by

cooking dishes and maintaining a confortable living environment

for learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products

for many years.据我们了解，贵公司经营中国产品已有很多年历史。

Vietnamese War is a serious drain on American resources。越南战争严重地消耗了美国的资源。

Is there a shop around where we can get fruit ? 附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗？

电脑的普及使办公室工作更加便捷。

The popularity of computers has made office work much

more simple and easier.新设备的引进大大提高了我们的工作效率。

The introduction of the new equipment has led to a much

higher efficiency in our work.你们取得的成就把你们带到人生的转折点上，我希望你们引以为荣。

I hope you are proud of the accomplishments that have

brought you to this important transition in your lives.（合译法）

过去向我们学习的人，现在反而超过了我们这对我们来说确实是个挑战。It was a real challenge that those who had learned from

us now excelled us.我去过一些地方，也遇到不少人。要谈起奇妙的事儿可多着呢。

There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I

visited and the people I met.绝对不许违反这个原则。

No violation of this principle can be tolerated.振兴科技和繁荣经济，必须坚持教育为本。研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

The vitality of science and technology and the prosperity of

economy must based on education.这种局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。

It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to

international security

近来忙于其他事务，未能早些复信，深感抱歉。

I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has

prevented me from sending an early reply to your

computer os popular for its good design and ease of use.这种计算机因设计巧妙、简单易用而广受欢迎。

了解过去有助于了解现在，了解现在有助于预知未来。

An acquaintance of the past is helpful to the acquaintance of

the present , which is in turn helpful to the prediction of the

future.他遭到无理解雇，这使我们大家都感到吃惊、His unfair

dismissal was a great surprise to us all.不遵守规则，就会被开除。

Failure to comply with the rules can result in expulsion.这一调查引发了一场关于怎么培养文明礼貌风尚问题的全国性讨论。

The survey has aroused a national discussion on the issue of

how we should cultivate good an age of plenty , we

feel spiritual hunger.（增词法）在物质丰富的年代，我们感受到精神上的饥渴。

United , we stand;divided , we fall.（减词法）合则存，分则亡。

研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

There is more to their life than political and social and

economic problems , more than transient everydayness.他们的生活远不止那些政治、社会和经济问题。远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。

If we donot get more money , community theater will cease

to exist here.如果筹不到更多的资金，这里的社区剧院就将不复存在。

Please keep the fire burning.（正说反译）别让火灭了。

Some men of insight actively discourage people from excess

consumption.（正说反译）一些有识之士积极劝阻人们不要过量消费。

她阅尽人间沧桑，似乎一切都尽显在她眼中，严肃、微妙、难以言表。（引申法）She has a vast heritage of experience , which

seems to brood in her eyes , too solemn and too subtle for

expression.她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。

Looking through the window , she suddenly spotted a boat

moored to it there was a boatman fast asleep.充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。

We should take advantage of non public-owned

economy ,including individual and privately owned economy , to

fulfill its significant effect on accelerating economic

improvement ,enlarging flourishing the market.小国人民敢于起来，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。The people of a small country can certainly

defeat aggression by a big country , if only they dare to rise in

struggle ,dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the

destiny of their own will have to be non-discriminatory and it will have to seek to be open rather than 研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

closed in its approach.亚太经合组织必须一视同仁，并且在态度

上必须是开放的而不是封闭的。

不管晴天还是下雨，比赛准时进行。Rain or shine , the match

will go on time.他是个活跃的学生，可他今天在课堂上无精打采，一反常态。

He is an active student , but he was uncharacteristically

listless in class today.汤姆森没有钱，不可能投资这么大的一个合资项目。（增词法）As he is not rich ,Thomson is unlikely to invest

in this big joint venture.清华大学的电视学者尹鸿说，没有任何一个电视节目能完整体现社会现状，他更喜欢《非诚勿扰》，他说这个节目更具争议性，冲突更激烈。

No TV show can fully reflect social reality , says YinHong ,a

Chinese television scholar at Beijing’s Tsinghua

prefers “If you are the one”(a match-making TV

ed by Jiangsu satellite TV)because it is more

controversial.我现在还清楚的记得第一次来北京时的情景。(减词法)I

still remember clearly the first time I came to admired

the president’s stated decision to fight for job.他对总统声明为保住职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。

In music , she will be found to have realized her friends’

fondest wishes.（被动语态转主动）

在音乐方面，她的造诣是不会辜负朋友们的殷切希望的。

She was seen to enter the building about the time.有人看到她在那时候进入了那栋大楼。

Children should be taught to speak the truth.研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

应该教育儿童讲真话

You have been told so many times not to mention this.已经告诉你多少遍，不要再提这件事。

Some things have been said here tonight , that ought not to

have spoken.今晚有人在此讲了一些不该讲的话。

So far ,nearly 1000 drop-out have been aided by the found.到目前为止，这个基金已经资助了上千名辍学儿童。

What we say here will not be long remembered but what we

do here can change the world.世人不会长久记住我们在此说的话，但我们在这所做的一切将改变世界。

Candidates are required to present themselves 15 minutes

before the examination begins.考生应于考试前15分钟进入考场。

The talk about raising the taxes was a red-flag to many voters.（引申法）关于增加税收的言论激怒了许多选民。

On behalf of all of your American guests ,I wish to thank you

for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are

justly famous through out the world.（拆分法）

我代表你所有的美国来客对你们的无与伦比的的盛情招待表示感谢。中国人民以这种热情闻名于世。

He was the late president’s alter ego ,and is a close and

influential friend of the president to be in office.（增补法）

他是已故总统的知己，现在是即将任职的新总统的一个极有影响力的密友。研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

It was equality clear that the Chinese agree on what is right

or wrong in most situation :in casual encounters with Benjamin

and other western children.（语序调整）在多数情况下，中国人对什么是对的什么是错的都有一致的看法，特别是在遇到本杰明和其他西方的孩子时这种现象就相当明显。

The newspaper accounts are far from being true.报纸的报道远非事实。

He allowed the father to be overruled by the

declared his own son guilty.（引申法）

他让法官的职责战胜了父子的亲情，判决他的儿子有罪。

We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of

our trust.（正反）我们相信年轻的一代将不会辜负我们的信任。

事实上，枪支暴力已经成为美国最严重的问题之一，据报道，每年死于枪击的美国人多达3万人以上，受伤者超过20万。（主被动转换）

In fact , gun-violence has become one of America’s most

serious social is reported that more than

30000Americans have been killed by more than 200000

Americans have been injured by guns every year.这些组件已加屏蔽，因此不受磁场的影响。（正反）

These elements have been shielded , so they are free from

effects of the magnetic field.我很荣幸的通知你，你赢得了一笔特别奖学金。

It’s my honor to inform you that you have won a special

scholarship.中国是一个发展中的沿海大国，中国高度重视海洋的开发与保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略之一。（合并）研究生英语读与译课后翻译例句

China is a big developing sea-side country , who puts high

value in the exploit and protect of the a developing power

with a long coastline ,China attaches great importance to the

exploitation and protection of marine resource and takes it as

one of the state strategies.他用辛辛苦苦积攒了五年的钱买一一架照相机，然后他带着他走遍全国，拍摄了许多祖国名胜古迹的照片。

With the money he had saved hard for five years he bought

a camera ,with which he then traveled around the country taking

numerous pictures of the scenic spots and places of historic

interest of our motherland.旧历新年快来了，这是一年中的第一件大事，除了那些负债过多的人以外，大家都热烈的欢迎这个佳节的到来。

The traditional New Year was soon approaching ,the first big

event of the everyone except those who owned heavy

debts , was enthusiastically looking forward to it.

第二篇：研究生英语期末考试翻译总结

以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的。You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for

obtaining the diploma,that is,out of sheer necessity.对于大自然的爱好，我是多方面的，我爱山，但更爱海。I love diverse aspects of

mother nature,but I love the sea more than mountain.读书的问题嘛，我愿说几句。I would like to say a few words about reading.这几天心理颇不宁静。I have felt quite upset recently.至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。As for the true facts,of course,I can remember

them.我们的城市在过去的十年里经历了翻天覆地的变化。The past

decade saw great changes of out city.希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。It is hoped that shanghai will establish

friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。It never occurred to her that he was a

dishonest man.我突然想到一个主意。An idea suddenly struck me.我给你打国际长途就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。An

international phone call to you is as easy as a call to sister li

downstairs.宗教不得干预政治。It is impermissible to interfere with

politics in the name of religion.汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role

in our history.我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：因为我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户消费方面的需求。The reason why

we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very

export commodities are for the use and consumption

of our foreign customers.笆，用竹子、柳条等变成的一种东西。Ba

is something made of bamboo or willow branches.我没注意到这个错误。The mistake escaped me.我一时记不起他的名字。His

name escapes me for a moment.五月一日会议开幕了。May Day

saw the opening of the meeting.这场运动首先在天津开始。Tianjin

first saw the rise of the movement.蹲在池塘边苇丛中的青蛙叫得更起劲了。The fogs that crouched among the reeds by the pond

were croaking more vigorously than before.上海港不断更新设备，这个港口的生产已经面目一新。Now work at this port has taken on

a new look,as the workers of Shanghai port has constantly

replaced old equipment with new.她喜形于色。She beamed with

joy.任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。New things always

have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow.他眼明手快。He is quick of eyes and deft of hand.这篇文章浅显易懂。This article is easy to read and understand.我对他敬而远之。I

stand aloof from him.插上一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.进口用于信息网络传播的音像制品，参照本版法第十四条规定办理。The

import of the audio and video products used for information

network dissemination shall be handled in reference to the

provisions of Article 14 of these measures.由于集装箱公司的平均处理费及处理量均有增长，集装箱公司在此期间的业绩令人鼓舞。As

a result of both increases in average handling fee and handling

capacity,the Container Company has achieved an encouraging

result in the period.电视通过无线电波发射和接收活动物体的图像。Television is the transmission and reception of moving objects

image by radio waves.他们片面地注重重工业，忽视农业和轻工业，因而市场上的货物不够，货币不稳定。Their lop_sided stress on

heavy industry to the neglect of agriculture and light industry

results in a shortage of goods on the market and a non_stable

currency.希望你表现更多一点幽默。You are expected to show a

little more good humour.许多老房子拆了，新房子就在原地盖起来了。Many old house were pulled down,and many new ones were

built in their place.那年偏又多雨，淅淅沥沥，打窗飘瓦，常常扰乱我看书的情绪。As it happened to be a rainy year,I was often

disturbed by the pitter_patter of rain beating down against the

window and roof.为了能进行核物理方面的研究，要求这些青年教师

读完两年研究生课程。In order to do research in nuclear

physics,the young teachers are required to complete a two_year

graduate course.自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。Since the first test of the atomic

bomb,the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power

can be used.有关原子能电站反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了。Much

has been said about the complication of the nuclear power

station reactor.船舶的外壳通常涂一层特殊的漆以抗腐蚀。The hull

of a ship is often protected against corrosion with a coat of

special paint.这里有一个科学和技术革命影响人类历史进程的明显例子。Here is a clear case of human history being affected by the

scientific and technological revolution.他们到达了旅行的目的地。They reached the goal of their journey.这些数据易于得到。These

data are readily available.你可以给我粗略地估计一下费用吗？can

you give me a rough estimate of the cost? 我们将会非常想念她。We shall miss her sorely.这咖啡太浓。The coffee is too strong.早饭吃饱，中午吃饭，晚饭吃少。At breakfast,eat like a

lunch,eat like a supper,eat like a pauper.1.他打开抽屉拿出词典来。He opened the drawer and took out a dictionary.2.他到车站发现火车已经开走了。Arriving at the station,he found that

the train had left.3.去年他去北京看朋友。Last year he went to

Beijing to visit his friends.4.他们跑过去欢迎众代表。They ran over

to welcome the delegates.5.他回家去取钥匙。He went home for

the key.6.她哼着曲子走进卧室去。Humming a tune she went into

the bedroom.7.游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗在街道上行进。The

paraders marched in the street,carrying flowers and banners in

their hands.8.我们应当起来捍卫和平。We should come forward in

defence of peace.9.医生劝他好好休息。The doctor advised him to

take a good rest.10.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps

one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.11.这

会使孩子们高兴的。That will please the children.12.她责备孩子迟迟不回家。She reproached her child for staying out late.13.黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。Pitch dark,I don’t know whether it is day or

night.14.裘人道：“一百年还记着呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember if I live to be a

hundred!”said Aroma, “I’m not like you , letting what I say go

in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night

by the next morning.”

15.生于忧患，死于安乐。One prospers in worries and

hardships and perishes in ease and comfort 16.你最好在月底之前把这台机器修好。You had better have this machine repaired by

the end of this month.17.那一趟可把我累坏了。That trip tired me

out.18.那年轻人把腰板一挺，不服输。The young man

straightened himself up and refused to admit defeat.19.他们把我们当做贵宾来款待。They treated us as distinguished guest.20.真把他没办法。He’s really a tough person to cope with.21.把电源插头插入220V交流电源插座，将电源开关按下。Connect the main

plug to AC 220V source socket and push power switch to turn on

the receiver.22.她把她的自行车借给我了我。She lent me her

bike.23.一本书就像一个大家庭，思想内容汇聚一堂。A book is like a

big family—a family of ideas 24.看书就像走亲访友，认识圈子不断增强。Reading books,like visiting relatives and friends,can

enlarge our ideological circle.25.每本书都是物与我的交融，每本书都是过去和未来的纽带。Generally,a book embodies a perfect

blend of the objective and subjective also forges a

strong link between the past and the future.26.随着节目越来越娱乐化，电视屏蔽了严肃的思考。With more picture than point ,TV

diverts to diverts ,screening out any real thinking.27.过去的人即便看书不多，也会修饰的不乏品味。People used to dress themselves

in aesthetic costumes of a good reader.28.现在的人却常常对书籍

不屑一顾。But now,many would easily turn up their noses at

books.29.他抢了我的饭碗。He’s taken the bread out of my

mouth.30.龙生龙，凤生凤。Like father ,like son.31.说曹操，曹操到。Talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear 32.血浓于水，台湾同胞是我们的手足兄弟。Blood is thicker than in Taiwan

are our brothers and sisters sharing the same blood.33.原乡人的血，必须流返原乡，才会停止沸腾。Only when the blood of the

native son flows back to his native place ,will it stop boiling.34.大陆和台湾同胞血脉相连，一条海峡不能把我们的骨肉隔断。The

Chinese people ,no matter living on the mainland or living on

Taiwan ,are linked together by flesh and strait that

separates us can never cut off such bonds of flesh and blood.35.燕子去了，有再来的时候，杨柳枯了，有在青的时候，桃花谢了，有再开的时候。Swallows may have gone ,but there is a time of

return,willow trees may have died back,but there is a time of

regreening,peach blossoms may have fallen,but they will bloom

again.36.然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。Friends are my give me things which it is beyond

my family to give to their fraternal love ,assistance

and encouragement,I have time and again been saved from

falling into an abyss while on its verge.37.于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去，吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去，默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。Thus the day flows away through the sink when

I wash my hands,vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my

meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when

I am lost in reverie.38.学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短。Art is

long ,but life is short.39.小火车在欢腾地疾驰。人们的心和火车一样，向家乡急奔。The little train and the hearts of all its

passengers ,together ,sped merrily homeward..40.那日，正是黄梅

时候，天气烦躁。王冕放牛倦了，在草地上坐着。One sultry day in

early summer ,tired after leading the buffalo to graze ,Wang Mian

sat down on the grassl

第三篇：研究生英语期末考试close总结

第一章

The web magazine From the Window contains poetry and

literature from well-know writes across the are

thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live

is even a piece from the Secretary General of United

States, Kofi may come as some surprise to find out that

the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy

the Window won Joy Nightingale the first prize

in the 1999 child net International and wireless are

given annually for the best use of the internet by and for young

they highlight one of the most welcoming aspects of

the virtual en have taken to the Internet as though

they are born s there is because adults have had

to change their understanding of technology while children

simply accept it as er the reason, children can be

found building web and E-mailing friends across the world while

adults are still asking: Tell me again –where exactly is cyberspace?

Of course there is growing concern about the fact that

children can travel far away from parental supervision in

response, many parents have installed software

packages which prevent access to violent or pornographic

en are taking a more positive web is a gateway

to a world of education and rapid growth in

Internet culture has led analysts to speculate that society will

soon be divided between the “information rich” and

“information poor”.For child net it is especially important that

children at the margins of society through poverty or disability

have the chance to take their place as equal citizens in the virtual

world.第五章

It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules

that summarize conveniently-not just qualitatively but

quantitatively-how the word might imagine a universe

in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary

particles that make up a universe like our own behave with utter

and uncompromising understand such a universe we

would need a brain at least as massive as the seems

unlikely that such a universe could have life and intelligence,

because beings and brains require some degree of internal

stability and even if in a much more random universe

there were such beings with an intelligence much greater than

our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or

ately for us, we live in a universe that has at least

important parts that are common-sense

experience and our evolutionary history have prepared us to

understand something of the workaday we go into

other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition

turn out to be highly unreliable is stunning that as we

go close to the speed of light, our mass increases indefinitely, we

shrink toward zero thickness in the direction of motion, and time

for us comes as near to stopping as we would people

think that this is silly, and every week or two I get a letter from

someone who complains to me about it is virtually certain

consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein‟s

brilliant analysis of space and time called the Theory of

does not matter that these effects seem

unreasonable to are not in the habit of traveling close to

the speed of testimony of our common sense is suspect

at high idea that the world places restrictions on

what humans might do is shouldn‟t we be able

to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can‟t we travel

faster than the speed of light? But so far as we can tell, this is the

way the universe is prohibitions not only press

us toward a little humility;they also make the world more

1988 began,East Africa should have been at its

most beautiful:normally the short rainy season ends in

December , the rivers subside , and the country sparkles;farmers

raise crops , animals graze , tourists go on this year

was rains were heavy and water spread out

for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia , cutting off village and

forcing herders to ctowd with their livestock onto a few patches

of dry quickly turned , cows , sheep , and

goats all started dying of violent people , too，began to get went temporarily blind ；others began

bleeding disease was Rift Valley fever，caused by an obscure mosquito borne pops up every few

years in Africa when standing water encourages mosquito eggs

to hatch--this year‟s huge floods brought a spectacular

ing to official estimates , at least 89，000 people

caught the hundred died，but then the disease is

not usually fatal to losses，however，were

almost certainly vast--owners reported losing up to 90 percent

of their catastrophic as the East African floods were，they had to jostle for the world„s attention with other cases of

strange weather---with unusual occurrences of droughts，fires，rains，cold snaps，and heat year brings its own

grab bag of such anomalies，but this year many of them could

be linked to a phenomenon in the empty expanses of the

equatorial Pacific--a change in the ocean currents and winds that

began in the early months of 1997 and that altered weather

patterns around the change in the weather was , of

course , the work of E1 the end of 1997 , E1 Nino had

already become a celebrity of 1998, however , E1 Nino's

effects on the world came into full helped make the year

the hottest ever addition to Rift Valley fever , E1 Nino

has been linked to an upsurge in diseases ranging from choler to

malaria to dengue fever ,in Kenya , Cambodia , Peru ,and other

countries scattered around the globe.第七章

I have always disliked being a man, The whole idea of

manhood in America is pitiful, a little like having to wear an ill-fitting coat for one‟s entire the expression “Be a man!”

strikes me as insulting and means: Be stupid, be

unfeeling, obedient and soldierly, and stop

means“manly”-how can one think“about men”without

considering the terrible ambition of manliness? And yet it is part

of every man‟s is a hideous and crippling lie;it not only

insists on difference and connives at superiority,It is also by its

very nature destructive-emotionally damaging and socially

youth who is subverted, as most are, into believing

in the masculine ideal is effectively separated from women –it is

the most savage tribal logic and he spends the rest of his life

finding women a riddle and a course, there is a

female version of this male begins with mothers

encouraging little girls to say(to other adults), “ Doyou like my

new dress?” In a sense, Girls are traditionally urged to please

adults with a kind of coquettishness, while boys are enjoined to

behave like monkeys toward each -9-year-old coquette

proceeds to become womanish in a subtle power game in which

she learns to be sexually indispensable, socially decorative and

always alert to a man‟s sense of nity-being

ladylike –implies needing a man as witness and seducer;but

masculinity celebrates the exclusive company of is why

it is so grotesque;and that is also why there is no manliness

without inadequacy –because it denies men the natural

friendship of is very hard to imagine any concept of

manliness that does not belittle women, and it begins very

an age when I wanted to meet girls –let‟s say the

treacherous years of 13 to 16-I was told to take up a sport , get

more fresh air, join the Boy Scouts, and I was urged not to read

so much

Late next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive

history of the PC,these last few years of high-octane growth may

actually be depicted as the Dark ians will marvel at

how we toiled in front of monolithic ,beige BUBs(big ugly

boxes),suffering under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes

while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers beneath our

may also mark 1999 as the start of the PC

renaissance ,when manufacturers finally started to get it :This

holiday season, computer shoppers will enjoy unprecedented

variety in shapes, sizes and colors-and not just in Apple‟s

groundbreaking line of translucent iMacs and

every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on

the way to market,from hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel

displays with all the processing innards packed into the

industrial designers,who still think the PC has a long

way before you‟ll want to display it on your mantle ,the only

question is ,what took so long? “The PC industry has ridiculed

design for a long time,”says Hartmut Esslinger ,founder of Frog

Design.“They have not respected their customers and have

underestimated their desires.”

PC makers are finally catching on-and it‟s partly out of

cturers used to sell computer by trumpeting

their techno bells and whistles,like processor speed and

since ever-faster chips have given us more power on

the desktop than we could ever possibly use, computer makers

have been competing on price-a strategy that has dropped most

units below $1000 and slashed week IBM limped from

the battlefield ,announcing it would pull its lagging Aptiva line

from store shelves and sell it only on the ing only on

price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick

Donatiello,president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.第九章

A symbol is not the same thing as a sign;that is a fact that

psychologists and philosophers often intelligent

animals use signs,So do them as well as to us sounds and

smells and motions are signs of good ,danger ,the presence of

other beings,or of rain or storm..Furthermore some animals not

only attend to signs but also produce them for the benefits of

bark at the door to be let in;rabbits thump to call

each other;the cooing of doves and the growl of wolf are

unequivocal signs of feelings and intention to be reckoned with

by other use signs just as animals do,though with

considerably more stop at red lights and go on

green;we answer calls and bells,watch the sky for coming

storms,read trouble or promise or anger in each other’s

is animal intelligence raised to the human

of us who are dog lovers can probably all tell wonderful stories

of how high our dogs have sometimes risen in the scale of clever

sign interpretation and sign using.A sign is anything that

announces the existence or the imminence of some events,the

presence of a thing or a person ,or a changes in the state of

are signs of the weather ,signs of danger,signs of

danger ,signs of future good or evil,signs of what the past

expected in is always a part of the situation to which

it refers ,though the reference may be remote in space and time.A

symbol differs from a sign in that it dose not announce the

presence of the object,the being ,condition,but merely brings this

thing to mind.A sign cause us to or act in face of the

signified,whereas a symbol causes us to think about the thing

symbolized.A sign is always embedded in reality,but a symbol

may be divorced from reality may refer to a mere

idea,or a dream.

第四篇：研究生英语期末考试考后总结

动物营养与饲料2010江佳伟2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理

2010-2011学年第1学期

英语精读

1.阅读简答

2.词汇文章中10个单词的英语含义，汉语意思。

文章为Unit SixText: Two Truths to Live By

3.翻译

（1）英译汉下册Unit Three 课后翻译A

上册Unit Four Text课文第7段

（2）汉译英上册Unit Five 课后翻译B第6个

下册Unit Three 课后翻译B第6个

4.作文奥运口号 更高，更快，更强。拉丁文与英文三个词，那组更好？

听力课本Unit 11 Part Ⅱ 口语部分 Exercise 3 问题1

英语听力

14Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1无选项，直接写句子。

15Part Ⅰ Section BExercise 1

04Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1

12Part Ⅲ Talk One

圣诞节

2010-2011学年第2学期

英语精读

1.阅读Unit Eleven Exercise A选择题

2.词汇文章中10个单词的英语含义，汉语意思。

文章为Unit Eleven Text: In Search of the Real Google

3.翻译

（1）英译汉

Unit Eleven课文第12段后半段

Here's how the system you're a company selling

sneakers, you can bid to have a

link to your website appear in the sponsored area whenever

someone does a Google search for, say, tennis or Michael Jordan

or sneakers or all of those and prominently your ad

will be displayed depends on how much you bid and how many

people click on your means you can’t just buy your way

to the top；your link also has to appeal to pay Google

for every click you receive.第14段后半段（删减了一句话）

The free food and laundry and the heavily subsidized

massages and haircuts all help, but

there also has to be enough creative work to go

came up with a formula to help

动物营养与饲料2010江佳伟2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理ensure San Francisco wi-fi initiative resulted from

someone's 10％ time；so did Google Talk, a free system for

instant and voice Google ever builds that space

elevator, it will no doubt be during 10％ time.（2）汉译英下册Unit Four 课后翻译B第6个

下册Unit Six 课后翻译B第6个

4.作文比较中美不同的教育制度，你认为孰优孰劣？

听力课本Unit 23 Part Ⅱ 口语部分 Exercise 1 问题1

英语听力

26Part Ⅲ Passage One无选项，直接写句子。

Unit 29Part Ⅲ Talk Two

27Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1

17Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1

22Part Ⅲ Report One

（是啥主题？我根本就没听，前面都没写完！）

总结：

精读试卷会选择上册课本中的一篇原文，题目为简答或选择，然后挑出10有难度的单

词（生词），要求写出英语含义，汉语意思。翻译为2道英译汉，2道汉译英（上下册各2道），是上册课文段落节选和上下册课后长翻译。作文为听力课本的口语部分问题，一般资老师班级听力课堂小作文也是写这个，不过课堂上写过的就不会出了，如想押作文题,可从15个单元中剔除写过的单元（可以找资老师班里的同学询问一下）。建议复习时可以将上册课文对照教师参考书上面的译文多看几遍，并看一下课后Exercise A。此外要将上册6个单元和下册3个单元以及Mini-Test的长翻译整理出来。

听力试卷就不要奢望会有选择题了！不过还是有规律可循的，试题中第1部分是听说

教程Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1的短对话（如果Part Ⅲ的篇章很短，则也是出题来源）；第2部分是Part Ⅰ的表格类题；第3部分是Part Ⅰ中较长的，要书写的内容较多；第4部分是Part Ⅲ的长篇章。第5部分是VOA的文章，将文中句子补充完整，录音会放3遍，

不过听力不是很好的同学建议放弃，此段时间用来弄前面几部分。注意考过的题也会再考，据我所知，美国节日的那题就已连续考过3届。听力试卷几乎全是简答，书写量大，一定要边听边写，因为全部录音放完后3-5分钟就交卷。注意听力考试时间只有一个小时！！

以下为废话，所谓的凑字数！呵呵。

精读的PPT,PDF和听力的PPT可以直接到出版社网上下载，也可以找我索要。qq 624202649

我就是资老师班上的，不过他的教学和出题模式令人不是很适应，俗称”很变态”。希

望我的这些总结对师弟师妹们的考试有些帮助，祝你们考试顺利通过！

第五篇：研究生英语课后翻译总结

1单元：一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。2单元：2一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴地发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。3单元：2在形成的初期，地球上很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。4.在20亿到30亿年前期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我

们称之为“生命”的东西。7.整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式(正如我们自己身体那样，既是由各种各样的有机部分构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水分所构成)。9同样，从全地球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林不会在总体上对地球生命构成威胁，但是这样做会对该地区的生态形式造成严重的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，因此引起地质结构的细微变化。11.如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都有好处。16目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。4单元：英语屈从美语的速度不断加快。新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。而美语的发展却像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源不断地产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词曾使他欣喜若狂一样。5单元：1.其目的是弄清世界的运行机制，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。2.世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”的性质，而试图做的解释总是脱离实验，甚至没有经过细心的比较观察。3.要透彻地领悟一件事物，哪怕是一桩小事——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也会经历一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。4.有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满信心地宣称，每一件值得弄清的事物将很快会为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热情已经衰退，取而代之的是一种被征服的怠惰，成了饮用发酵椰子

汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。8.如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个水晶的世界，我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点阵，呈一种有规律的交替结构——钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵结构详细地勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原子层的示意图。6单元：2杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的车撞坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。7单元：1.就在这同一天，我的车又坏了，电冰箱不制冷了；而且我还得知我的右后臼齿牙根管需要镶补。3.如果我们突然看到油漆又跃回旧楼房的墙面，我们准会感到有问题。如果我们看到一个鸡蛋自己拼凑在一起又跳回蛋壳，我们准会开怀大笑，就像看一组倒放的电影镜头那样。7.婚姻中很容易出现熵，当伴侣们过于忙于自己的事而忽视了弥补小小裂痕时，几乎可以肯定他们的婚姻要破裂。13.它朝背离冰箱方向运动的概率也是50％。但是如果数十亿个冷热空气分子混合在一起，那么所有冷空气分子朝冰箱方向运动，同时所有热空气分子背离冰箱运动的概率实际上是零。17.如果在厨房里只有十几个的空气分子，那么我等上一年左右，或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。但是，这一等式中的变量越多、参加这一游戏的角色越多，那么他们的路径井然有序地相互吻合的可能性就越小。

8单元：1.第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件，它与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代，圣何塞和旧金山地带的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算机生产出存储器硅芯片，于是便有了“硅谷”的名字。4.财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件，就像文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类，以及用于管理业务和计算机网络自身运行的“系统”软件。6但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命，与现在因特网上所发生的情况相比，其财富创

造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前，在日内瓦CERN研究中心工作的英国物理学家Tim BernersLee 发明了一种方案，用以连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据，这些数据贮存在各地各种不同的计算机内。网点的在线拍卖同样有利可图，因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受着重大的短期损失，证券市场投资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”中转为盈利。11尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将证明是站不住脚的，但到目前为之，它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是由技术公司股组成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。