2019年江苏高考英语阅读理解结构分析

2019年江苏高考英语阅读理解真题结构分析

A

Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly

memorable.

不论你年龄多大也不管你有什么兴趣爱好，在Buxton总有你可看的东西或者可做的事情，而这定会让你的旅程变得令人难忘。

结构分析：这句是个复合句，Whatever your age

or interests是由Whatever引导的让步状语从句，interests后省略了are.

High energy（高能）

If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse

riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest

adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole's

Cavern. And don't forget: we are surrounded by a natural

playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and

cycling.

如果你想进行体育活动，你可选择游泳或者骑马。你可以通过Go Ape，也就是空中绳索森林冒险计划进行登高活动，也可以开启普尔洞穴的地下之旅。请不要忘了：我们四周就是一个天然的游乐场，非常适合散步，洞穴探险，攀爬和蹬脚踏车。

High minded（情操升华）

Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you' ll find much to suit all tastes with

art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and

Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become

involved, including workshops and events.

Buxton有理由为它的自然生态而感到自豪，在Buxton Opera House、Pavilion Arts

Centre

和Green Man Gallery，你会发现这里非常适合拥有艺术，音乐，歌剧和表演艺术修养的各色人。创意人士有机会参与其中，包括研讨会和各种活动。

结构分析：justifiably adv.

无可非议地; become involved使参与…

Keeping the kids happy（让孩子们快乐）

Children love the small train and playgrounds in the

Pavilion Gardens and there’s plenty more to explore at

the Buxton Museum. There's a new indoor play

centre, plus the special events and workshops, and

others during school holiday periods

孩子们喜欢Pavilion Gardens里的小火车和游乐场，在Buxton博物馆可以尽情探索。这里有一个新的室内游戏中心，以及一些特别活动项目、提高动手能力的工作坊和学校假期期间的其他活动内容。

56. If you want to take an undergounld journey, which place is the best choice?

A. Pole's Caven.

C. Buxton Museum.

B. Pavilion Gardens.

D. Green Man Gallery.

分析：第二段的beneath the earth和undergounld意思一致，所以选择A。

57. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.

A. rides in small trains

B. courses in modcm arts

C. artistic and cultural activities

D. basic courses in horse riding

分析：正文最后一段出现了special一词，指的是a new indoor play centre，而不是Buxton Open

House & Pavilion Arts Centre，这点需要注意。B选项有一定迷惑性，注意这两个场所并不提供现代艺术课程，仅仅是组织艺术和文化活动，所以选择C。

B

【本文讲述的是关于美国黄石国家公园的火山的话题。如果考生去过或者听说过黄石公园，那么对于读懂这篇文章是有很大的帮助的。】

1、In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob

Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：2、he couldn't find the park's volcano. 3、It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was

volcanic in nature

— that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. 4、But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.

20世纪60年代，Bob Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山活动的历史时，碰到了一件非常奇怪的事情，这件事情让他非常迷惑，而这之前从来都没人被此困扰过：他根本找不到公园里的火山在何处。长期以来人们一直认为黄石这个地方是火山地质---这也就是为什么

这里有很多的温泉和蒸汽的原因。但是Christiansen根本找不到黄石里的火山在哪里。

结构分析：第一句while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park是while引导的时间状语从句，这个句子的主语和主句的主语相同，所以被省略了。主句中有个定语从句that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before。这个句子不算很长，只要抓住主句Bob

Christiansen became puzzled about something，然后在前面加上while引导的时间状语从句（省略主语）和在后面加上that引导的定语从句，那么正确理解这句话应该不难。有的同学不认识volcanic这个词，但看到后面有volcano，那么应该能猜出volcanic是volcano的形容词。第三句里的Yellowstone was volcanic in nature是主语从句，因为比较长所以用形式主语it代替放在了句首。破折号—后面的that指代的是It had been known for a long time that

Yellowstone was volcanic in nature。what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy

features是表语从句，这个从句中what是主语。account for是一个非常重要的短语，意思是：说明（原因、理由等）;

导致，引起;

（在数量、比例上）占;

对…负责。在不同的应用场合，其意思有不同的解释。

1、Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of

a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magmapiles up. 2、These can form

（岩浆）remarkably quickly. 3、In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small

part of his land. 4、In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.5、Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile

across. 6、Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few

hundred of them extinct. 7、There is，however，a second less known type of volcano that doesn't

involve mountain building. 8、These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big

crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. 9、Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.

说到火山，我们大部分人脑海中都会浮现出富士山和乞力马扎罗山那种典型的圆锥体结构，喷发的岩浆堆积形成了这种结构。这些圆锥体结构能快速成型。1943年，一个墨西哥农场主惊奇地发现他的农场里的一小块地上冒出浓烟。一周之后，他就糊里糊涂地成为了一个500英尺高圆锥体的主人。两年之内，这个圆锥体就高出地面几乎1400英尺并且绵延半英里远。地球上这样的圆锥体火山总共大概有1万个，但只有数百个还在活动。然而，还有一种不被人知的火山，这种火山不会生长。它们非常容易爆炸，并且会从一个巨大的裂口中喷发，从而留下一个巨大的洞，这个洞就叫做火山喷口。黄石公园的火山很明显就是第二种类型，但是Christiansen却怎么也找不到这个火山喷口在哪里。

结构分析：第一句里包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定

语从句，在这个定语从句中还包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。主句其实很简单：Most of us think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro。看清楚句子结构后，就能正确理解本句话。第二句话These can form remarkably quickly.中的主语these指代的是the classic cone shapes。第一个副词remarkably修饰第二个副词quickly，加强了语气，凸显了圆锥体结构形成的速度令人感到瞠目结舌。第五句top out是个非常形象的短语，意思是高度超出地面。请仔细体会一下，如果只有top这个词，形象就会大打折扣，多加一个out，就有一个向上的趋势。across这个单词有意思，它既可以做介词也可以做副词，在本句做副词，意思是：横过，越过。我们在学习across这个单词的时候往往主要介绍其做介词的用法，所以大部分考生对介词across并不陌生，可是在本句中across是副词，因为其后并没有出现宾语。所以，对于简单词汇的陌生词性在日常学习的过程中一定要多加注意。第六句话很简单，一看就懂。但是要注意这里的some。some这个词很常见，可是它的词性（或用法）大部分考生未必清楚。它常见的词性是限定词和代词，比如some books（限定词），some…the others（代词）。本句中的some既不是限定词也不是代词，而是副词。请大家记住，当some用在数词前的时候是副词。比如本句some ten thousand of these volcanoes，意思是：大约，差不多，和approximately意思相近。all but a few hundred of them extinct这个结构非常简单，之所以称之为结构而不是句子，是因为它是真正的独立主格结构。在本句中没有系动词are，只有一个逻辑主语all和一个逻辑表语extinct。中间的but a few hundred of them可以独立出来，剩下all extinct，也就是说所有都熄灭（不活动了），只有几百个火山例外（还在活动）。有的考生非常马虎，他们认为大部分火山都在活动，只有少数几百个已经不在活动。所以在阅读的时候一定要小心谨慎，否则会得出完全相反的结论。第七句包含了一个There is，however，a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain

引导的限制性定语从句。很多考生不理解involve mountain building指的是什么意思，甚至把building看成了大楼或建筑物;把mountain building理解成在山上盖楼，这都是大错特错的。前面说到第一种火山是靠岩浆不断堆积形成火山，就是在building mountain造山。而本句中强调还有一种火山，它形成的过程跟第一种完全不同，它不是通过mountain

building形成的，而是另外一种形式。第八句有个重要的句型so…that… that引导了一个结果状语从句they burst open in a single big crack. leaving behind a vast hole是伴随状语，the

caldera做a vast hole的同位语。第九句非常简单，一看就懂。可是这句里有个非常重要的句型就是：be+of+名词。这里的名词可以有两种不同的性质和意义，它们完全不同。第一种：be of

后可接value, importance, use, help, significance, interest, benefit

等一些抽象词，这样的结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义。在这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词，如: great, little, some, any, no, not much等来修饰抽象名词，用以说明程度。举例：1、

They are of great help to learners of English.他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。2、The book will be

of great value to students of history.这本书对学历史的学生将很有用。第二种：be of +名词，还可用来说明句子主语在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征。这类名词有colour, age, size,

height, weight, shape, type，kind, quality等。在这类名词前常用different, all, the same，this,

that, a(n) +

形容词等词来修饰或说明。举例：1、Coins may be of different sizes, weights,

shapes, and of different metals.

货币可能在大小、重量、形状和铸造的金属方面都有所不同。2、These pens are of many different colours.这些笔有许多不同的颜色。本文中出现的就是第二种用法。通过上面的介绍，考生对be+of+名词这种句型应该是了然于胸了。

1、Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking

photographs of Yellowstone. 2、A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park

authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors'

centers.3、 As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the

caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. 4、The explosion had left a hole

more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. 5、At

some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of

anything known to humans.

NASA决定给黄石公园拍照片以便对一些能在高海拔工作的新款相机进行测恰在此时，试。一个心思缜密的官员把一部分照片拷贝送给了公园的管理部门，他认为这些照片可以放大以便游客中心使用。当Christiansen看到这些照片，他意识到了为什么一直找不到火山喷口的位置，因为整个占地220万英亩的公园本身就是个火山喷口。爆炸在地面上形成了一个占地40英里的大洞---整个洞实在是太大了，以至于在地面上从任何位置都看不到它。在过去某段时间，黄石公园一定发生了剧烈的爆炸，它的规模超过了目前人类所知道的任何一种爆炸的威力。

结构分析：第一句Just at this time“恰在此时”，指的是Christiansen无论如何都找不到黄石的火山喷口的时候。altitude“高度，海拔高度”，还有两个单词很容易混淆：attitude“态度，看法”，latitude“纬度”，请注意区分这三个单词。第二句是个复合句，包含了一个同位语从句that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers，注意that是连词，在同位语从句中不做成分，但不能丢。blow-up“照片(或图画、图案等)的放大”，这个单词根据字面意思可以进行猜测：向上吹。究竟“向上吹”和“放大的图片”如何联系起来，需要考生具备一定的推理和想象能力。第三句包含了as soon as引导的时间状语从句和why引导的宾语从句。spot the caldera“发现火山喷口”，spot做动词用，意思是“认出，发现”。

Christiansen一直找不到黄石的火山喷口确切的地点，NASA拍摄的高空图片帮助他解开了

谜题，原来黄石的火山喷口比他想象的要大的多，整个黄石公园都坐落在这个火山喷口上。这恰好印证了那句话：不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。第四句破折号后面是进一步解释。注意too…to…句型“太…以至于不能…”,包含了否定的意思。注意本句中又出现了副词across，因为其后面并没有名词性的成分做宾语，所以不能看成介词。第五句虽然有点长，但是个简单句。本句出现了短语动词blow up，注意中间没有破折号，意思是“爆炸，吹起”。far beyond“远远超过”，后面接宾语the scale of anything known to humans。单词scale“规模，级别”。黄石在过去曾经发生过剧烈的爆炸，其烈度远远超过人们已知的任何爆炸的规模。

总结一下，本文其实难度不算大，叙述的思路也非常清晰。主要讲述了有两种火山形式，黄石公园的火山是第二种。它是爆炸产生的，由于爆炸很强烈，所以找不到火山喷口的具体位置。后来NASA拍摄的照片帮了大忙，终于找到了黄石火山口的确切位置。

58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？

Christiansen在研究黄石的时候是什么让他困惑不已？

A. Its complicated geographical features.它复杂的地质特点

B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.它对旅游业的持久的影响

C. The mysterious history of the park.公园神秘的历史

D. The exact location of the volcano.火山的确切位置

分析：很显然Christiansen一直找不到黄石国家公园的火山的位置，这令Christiansen感到非常迷惑。A,B,C选项文中都没有提及。

59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？

第二段主要讲了什么？

A. The shapes of volcanoes.火山形状

B. The impacts of volcanoes.火山影响

C. The activities of volcanoes.火山活动

D. The heights of volcanoes.火山高度

分析：这四个选项在文中似乎都有提及。不过最主要还是在谈论火山的形状，因为文中出现了“圆锥体”和“洞”这两个词。文中提到有两类火山，一种是容易堆积并且高度会生长的火山，另外一种就是会爆炸，然后只会在地面上留下大洞的火山。综上，只有A符合题意。

60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean？

A. Hot-air balloon.

C. Big photograph.

B. Digital camera.

D. Bird's view.

分析：热气球文中没有提到，数字相机虽然提及，但给公园的是照片拷贝而不是相机，D

选项非常具有迷惑性，制作鸟瞰图似乎非常合情合理，很多考生选择该项，然而blow-up确实只是放大的照片的意思。

C

1、Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than

the washing machine? 2、Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent

changes?

谁会关心人们是否会错误地认为因特网比洗衣机的影响力更大呢？为什么人们对最近的变化印象更深刻这一点很重要？

结构分析：第一句是个复合句，包含if引导的宾语从句，而这宾语从句本身也是个复合句，包含了一个that引导的宾语从句。所以本句是一个比较复杂的复合句，它的结构是主从从。我不认为这里的if引导的是条件状语从句，因为从形式上看它不满足条件状语从句的一般特点。不过，把它看成条件状语从句也并不影响对文章的理解。很多考生在读完这句话时不明白作者究竟想说什么，关键就是这句话里包含了单词wrongly，究竟互联网比洗衣机重要是对的还是错的呢？我们来到第二句就可以看到人们往往对新的事物影响更为深刻。互联网肯定是新生事物，所以人们就会认为互联网比洗衣机更重要。本句是个复合句，that引导的是一个主语从句，it是形式主语。matter这个词往往做名词，在本句做动词，而且是个不及物动词。有人误认为that引导的是宾语从句做matter宾语，这是不对的。很多简单的单词，我们平时接触多了，就不以为意。但在某些场合，它的词性会发生变化，那么其用法也会不同，这样就会对某些考生造成干扰，从而影响对作者观点的判断。

1、It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. 2、However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.

如果这些误判仅仅是人们的主观意愿那也不要紧。然而，误判却产生了实实在在的影响，因为这导致了对稀缺资源的错误使用。

结构分析：第一句是复合句，包含了if引导的条件状与从句。本句中matter出现了两次，第一个matter是及物动词：要紧，重要;有重大影响; 有重要性。第二个matter是名词：事件; 问题。第二句是复合句，包含了as引导的原因状语从句。result in“导致”。注意however这个词非常重要，它往往揭示了作者的真实观点，这提醒考生要把关注的重点放在however等这些表示转折意味的词上。

1、The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution,

represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is

so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. 2、This belief in "post-industrial society" has

led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for

their economies.

对以互联网为代表的信息和通信技术革命的痴迷使得富裕的国家错误地得出结论，认为制造业已是昨日黄花，因此它们应该努力依靠思想生活。这种对“后工业化社会”的信仰导致这些国家忽视其制造业，从而对其经济产生了负面的影响。

结构分析：第一句看起来非常复杂，实际上主句：The fascination has made some rich

countries wrongly conclude…,这个句子是复合句，conclude后面接宾语从句that making things

is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas，这个宾语从句包含句型：so…that…，that引导的是结果状语从句。represented by the Internet,是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰revolution。有考生把represented看成了谓语，这是不对的，如果看到了by这个词就不会做出错误的判断。make sth.这是基础又重要的句型，所有考生都务必牢牢掌握。yesterday是副词，加上引号是为了强调人们对于制造业不重视的程度，认为制造业的时代已经过去了。本句话的意思是有些人认为随着互联网的出现和信息时代的到来，以前传统的以制造业为标志的产业已经没落，取而代之的是新的观念和思想。第二句话也很长，不过确是个简单句，理解起来并不困难。只是需要说明的是，简单句不一定简单，复合句不一定复杂。不管一句话有多长，只要是由基本句型构成的就是简单句；相反，不管一句话有多长，只要是包含了从句就是复合句。复合句不一定复杂。post-industrial society后工业化社会，究竟什么是后工业化社会，这里给出英文定义，感兴趣的考生可以参考一下：A post-industrial society is a

stage in a society's evolution when the economy shifts from producing and providing goods

and products to one that mainly offers services. A manufacturing society is comprised of

people working in construction, textiles, mills and production workers whereas, in the service

sector, people work as teachers, doctors, lawyers, and retail workers. In a post-industrial

society, technology, information, and services are more important than manufacturing actual

goods.简单总结一句话就是：工业化社会提供产品，后工业化社会提供服务。这段作者的观点很明确：很多迷恋信息和服务的国家都忽视的制造业的重要性，从而对它们的经济产生了伤害。换言之，作者不同意在后工业化社会里忽略生产。

1、Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has

moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries

and the poor countries. 2、This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing

countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. 3、The question, however, is whether

this is what the developing countries need the most. 4、Perhaps giving money for those less

fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more

affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives more than giving every child a

laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things

are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without

carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.

更令人担忧的是，富裕国家的人们对互联网的迷恋已经让国际社会开始担心富国与穷国之间产生的“数字鸿沟”。这导致公司和个人向发展中国家捐款购买计算机设备和互联网设施。然而，问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。或许把钱用于那些不太时髦的东西比如挖井、扩建电网、制造更人们能买得起的洗衣机等会比给每个孩子一台笔记本电脑或在农村建立互联网中心更能改善人们的生活，我并不是说这些事情肯定更重要，但许多捐赠者在没有仔细评估资金替代使用的相对长期成本和收益的情况下，就匆忙进入了一些花哨的项目。

结构分析：第一句是超长的简单句，看懂它需要一定的语言功底。找出它的主句：the

fascination has moved the international community… ，找到这个主干就好了。even这个副词修饰比较级more worryingly，with the Internet by people in rich countries是对fascination的补充说明：富裕国家人们对因特网的迷恋。international community有的考生不知道是什么，还有人说是“国际社区”。如果考生关注英语广播的话，就能经常听到主持人或者嘉宾提到international community这个词，它的意思的是“国际社会”。 to worry about the "digital divide"

between the rich countries and the poor countries是宾补，和international communit构成复合宾语。本句的核心关键词汇有：worryingly，worry about，digital divide。抓住这几个关键词是读懂文章，了解作者观点的重点。第二句：本句是简单句，意思也很简单。发达国家的公司和个人捐助者以为发展中国家的人们和他们一样需要计算机设备和互联网设施。其实，相对这些而言，穷国更需要面包。第三句The question, however, is whether this is what the

developing countries need the most.这个是简单的复合句。需要关注however这个词，往往伴随着作者真实观点的诞生。whether引导的是表语从句，表语从句中还有一个what引导的表语从句。第四句上半句是一句异常复杂的简单句。找到句子的主干部分：giving money and

making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives。在弄懂基本观点后然后再把剩余的句子辅助成分逐步添加上去。给钱做什么用？挖井，建设电网，生产人们买得起的洗衣机。这些才是穷国的人当前最需要的，而不仅仅是给这些国家的孩子购买手提电脑和建设可以上网的场所。注意more than这个词，它不是对后面的否定，而是进一步说明前面观点的重要性。这句你出现和几个动名词短语：digging wells, extending electricity

networks,making more affordable washing machines,giving every child a laptop computer ,setting

up Internet centres.这些动名词短语的运用增强了作者观点的说服力，使文章更为生动有趣。下半句I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have

rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits

of alternative uses of their money.这句话很长，不过搞清楚它包含了句型not…but…就好办了。I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important是包含that引导的宾语从句的复合句。but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the

relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.先去掉without carefully

assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money看得更清楚。fancy“精致的; 花哨的; 昂贵的; 异常复杂的; 豪华的”，在本句是形容词。捐助者的资金进入了花哨的项目，并没有评估长期的成本和收益。without是个介词，后面的宾语很长。alternative“替代的; 备选的; 其他的; 另类的”，也就是说这些人的资金没有做充分的评估就盲目地进入了他们觉得花哨的行业。本段有很多很长的复合句和简单句。这是考验考生解析长难句水平真正的战场，功力不够深厚的考生很可能会吃亏。所以，把基本句法搞清和多研究长难句是破解考场应试的主要的和有效的手段。

1、In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent

changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now

we live in a "borderless world". 2、As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have

come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological

progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. 3、Believing in such a

world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on

cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.

再举一个例子，对新事物的迷恋让人们相信通信和交通技术的最新进展如此具有革命意义，以至于我们现在生活在一个“无国界的世界”里。结果，在过去的二十年左右的时间许多人开始相信，无论今天发生什么变化都是伟大的技术进步的结果，反对这个就是等于试图把钟往回拨。人们相信在这样世界里，多国政府已经废除了一些非常必要的关于资本、劳动力和货物跨境流动的条例，但收效甚微。

结构分析：第一句也是异常复杂，这是一个包含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句。 在这个宾语从句中有一个so…that…句型，that引导的是结果状语从句。这是一个典型的大句套小句，小句再套小小句的复杂句型。虽然结构复杂，但理解上并不会存在很大障碍，对中等以上阅读水平的考生来说问题不大。第二句是非常漂亮的句子，对考生的基本功提出了很高的要求。前半句是复合句，包含了that 引导的宾语从句，在此宾语从句中包含了whatever

引导的主语从句。whatever这个词很关键，它有两种用法：1、引导名词性从句，一般是主语从句和宾语从句；2、引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what.本句是whatever 引导的主语从句。需要格外注意的是虽然whatever 既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句，但no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。当whatever 引导名词性从句的时候，有两种

用法：1、做限定词，用来修饰其他名词；2、做代词，它相当于anything that或者everything

that.比如本句中whatever change中的whatever就是做限定词，用来修饰change,不要把它看成代词。当然，本句中的whatever也可以用what代替，但其强调的意味就大打折扣了。总之，关于疑问副词或疑问代词+ever这样的词还有很多，用法也比较复杂，考生可以参考专门的语法书籍，这里不再赘述。很多考生看不懂going against which will be like trying to turn

the clock back 这句话，以至于对文章的理解产生误差。有人说which引导的是宾语从句，如果这样，句子就变得非常令人费解；本人认为这里的which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，which是关系代词，先行词是great technological progress，做going against的宾语。而going against which在这个定语从句中做主语。这看起来有点怪，但事实就是这样。我们不妨这样结构分析一下：going against great technological progress will be like trying to turn the

clock back.这样改写过后就能看得非常明白。由于这个句子前面已经出现了great

technological progress，属于重复，现在把这个句子里的great technological progress用关系代词which代替，前面的great technological progress就变成先行词，这样原文就非常清楚了。不得不说这样的非限制性定语从句确实很少见，考生不妨把它记下来。第三句话Believing in

such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on

cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.本句是个简单句。短语put an

end to是关键，它把主语和宾语联系起来。on这个介词是讲述具体在哪些方面终止了这些必要的条例。

1、Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic

policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at

the individual level. 2、However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what

has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.

站在国家和国际两个层面上看，了解技术发展趋势对于正确制定经济政策、做出正确个人职业选择是非常重要的。然而，我们对最新事物的迷恋，以及我们对已经变得普遍的事物的低估，会而且已经引导我们走上了错误的方向。

结构分析：第一句是简单句，主干是Understanding technological trends is very important

for…and for….当然只有主干信息是不完整的。关键是两个for引出的宾语，给出了主要的信息，中间再用and连接。注意，两个for后面接的都是动名词短语。第二句是复合句，what引导的宾语从句做of的宾语。主干是：fascination and valuation can,and has,led us…

本文作者的观点还是非常明确的：作者不否认当今是信息技术的时代，但他认为尽管如此以产品生产为主要特点的传统制造业也不过时。毕竟世界上还有很多穷国，他们需要最基本的生活保障。换言之，只有先解决了物质需求，才能追求进一步精神享受。考生只有明确

地抓住了这条主线，后面的题目才不会做错。当然，正确地理解作者的观点是建立在扎实的语法和阅读功底之上的，对文章所讲不明所以，理解上似是而非，题目肯定是做不对的。

61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.

对于新技术影响的误判可能会导致

A. a lack of confidence in technology对技术缺乏信心

B a slow progress in technology技术进步缓慢

C. a conflict of public opinions舆论冲突

D. a waste of limited resources有限资源的浪费

分析：A,B,C文章都没提到。文中说到However, they have real impacts, as they result in

misguided use of scarce resources.有限资源的误用就是浪费。

62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.

第四段的例子表明捐赠者应该

A. take people's essential needs into account考虑人们的实际需要

B. make their programmes attractive to people使他们的计划对于人们有吸引力

C. ensure that each child gets financial support确保每个孩子得到资金支持

D provide more affordable internet facilities提供人们买得起的互联网设备

分析：The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.

Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity

networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people's lives

more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages.这句话说明A对，B,C都不是重点，D选项中的affordable internet facilities 不对，而是affordable

washing machines。

63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?

是什么让多国政府废除了必要的法规？

A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.忽视了技术进步的影响

B. Believing that the world has become borderless.相信世界变得无国界化

C. Ignoring the power of economic development.忽视了经济发展的动力

D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.过分强调国际互通的作用

分析：在In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the

recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that

now we live in a "borderless world". As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have

come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological

progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.中提到了borderless

world，这是政府废除必要法规的证据。A,C,D都似是而非，所以只能选择B。

64. What can we learn from the passage?

从本文我们可以了解到

A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.应该鼓励人们多多捐赠

B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.现今传统技术还占有一席之地

C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.做出正确职业选择对个人事业的成功非常关键

D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.经济政策应该跟随技术发展的趋势

分析：Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending

electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved

people's lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural

villages这句说明传统技术还是有用的。D项是最大的干扰项，但这不是文章的主旨。至于A和C这些都是细枝末节。

D

The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s（阿尔茨海默症）.

He was losing his memory.

65岁的Steve Goodwin被发现患有早期阿尔茨海默症。他的记忆力正在丧失。

A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician

in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.

Steve的职业是一名软件工程师，他热衷于钢琴，还是家里唯一的音乐家。音乐是他真正的爱好，尽管他从未在除家以外的地方表演过。

Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep

each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her

father.

他的女儿Melissa觉得把他演奏的钢琴曲保存下来非常有意义，小时候女儿每晚就是在爸爸的钢琴声陪伴下入睡的。她想雇一个专业的钢琴家配合她爸爸完成这个工作。

结构分析：to which she fell asleep是一个非限制性定语从句。his music是先行词，which是关系代词。本句涉及了一个短语fall asleep to，如果能看出这个短语，那么就知道to这个介词怎么来的。

Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed

willingness to help.

Melissa的好朋友Naomi是一个很有天赋的钢琴家，她知道这件事后表示愿意帮忙。

“Why do this?” Steve wondered.

“为啥要这样做？”Steve不解。

“Because she cares.” Melissa said.

“因为她觉得应该。”Melissa说到。

Steve nodded, tears in eye.

Steve同意了，双眼噙满泪花。

Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved

to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.

Naomi驱车来到Goodwin家。她告诉Steve很想听他演奏。Steve挪到钢琴边坐到琴凳上，他颤巍巍地把手指放在钢琴键盘上。

结构分析：hands trembling是独立主格结构。keys这个词指的是钢琴的键盘。

Naomi put a small recorder near the and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart

sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.

Naomi在钢琴边放了一台小录音机。他弹弹停停，演奏中间掺杂着失误。他暂停良久，让人觉得心情沉重。但是，Steve努力坚持着，这是他这一生第一次为陌生人演奏。

“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”

“很好。”听完录音后Naomi说道，“这音乐很值得留存。”

Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin.

It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.

她有责任有权利拯救他的音乐。对音乐的梦想始终在他心底。而它却被囚禁在即将被紧锁的房间里。

Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers

clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his

head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played

by someone else.

Naomi和Steve每隔一个星期见一次面，每次数小时。他的手指在键盘上吃力地弹奏，然后她就会代替他演奏。他努力描述脑中“听”到的音符。他站在钢琴边，双目紧闭，第一次聆听自己的作品从别人的手指尖缓缓弹出。

Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code： lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a

song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.

从乐曲开始到结束Steve和Naomi用线条，节拍，音程等音乐术语相互交流，同时把曲子

重新修订了一遍。Steve把乐曲从头到尾听了一遍，完整的一遍。而他却不能演奏。

Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could

write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of

loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.

与Naomi合作为Steve创造了奇迹。他从心底相信自己可以创作一首收官之作。一天，Naomi收到一封电子邮件。附件是一段录音，一段关于描写失去和爱的录音，一段关于奋斗的录音。Steve称之为“忧郁之花”。

Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called

him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was

quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.

录音里Naomi听到了多次停顿和重复开始，Steve挣扎着、寻找着，而他的妻子Joni叫他“亲爱的”并鼓励他。演奏过程非常艰难，Steve既愤怒又沮丧，他几乎就要放弃了。Joni鼓励他，告诉丈夫这可能成为他代表作。

Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s

help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni

thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.

Naomi精选了16首Steve最喜爱最个性化的作品。在Naomi的帮助下，Goodwin一家找到了一名录音师，录制了由Naomi演奏的Steve的乐曲。Joni以为这事情到此就结束了，但事实并非如此。

In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told

the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower.”

在2016年俄勒冈州圣诞演唱会之前的几个月里，Naomi告诉导演她有一个特别的曲子，名字叫“忧郁之花”。

She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing

list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.

她把和Steve的合作的事情告诉了导演。导演同意把它列入演奏名单。但Naomi必须征得Steve的同意才行。而Steve认为这是一个荣誉。

After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It

needed to be shared in public.

音乐会结束后，Naomi告诉Steve的家人他的音乐很美很专业，必须跟大众分享。

The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day

of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.

这家人在波特兰市中心租了一座以前的教堂，并安排了一场音乐会。截至表演当天，已有300多人表示将出席。

By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He

knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.

那时，Steve很难记住一些朋友的名字。他知道自己在过什么样的生活并告诉家人他的内心很平静。

Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded.

Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.

Steve到了现场并坐在前排，家人围坐在四周。此时灯光暗了。Naomi开始演奏。他的心完全沉浸在她的演奏之中。

65. Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?

为什么Melissa想挽救爸爸的音乐？

A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.他的音乐可以让他的疾病避免恶化

B. She wanted to please her dying old father.她想取悦她那濒死的父亲

C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.他的音乐值得保存

D. She wanted to make her father a professional.她想让他的爸爸成为职业钢琴家

分析：很显然，A不符合常识；B文中并没有提到；D更加不合理，因他爸爸病情非常严重，几乎不能演奏，不可能成为职业钢琴家。

66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.

但听到Steve的演奏之后，Naomi_______

A. refused to make a comment on it拒绝评论

B. was deeply impressed by his music被他的音乐深深打动

C. decided to free Steve from suffering决定让Steve从痛苦中解脱出来

D. regretted offering help to her friend后悔帮助她的朋友

分析：A不符合事实，因为文中提到“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the

recording. “The music was worth saving.”这就是Naomi的评论；那么B就是对的；C选项不符合事实，因为Naomi没有能力让Steve接触病痛；D完全错误。

67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?

如何描述Steve录音的过程？

A. It was slow but productive.缓慢但富有创造

B. It was beneficial to his health.对他的健康有利

C. It was tiresome for Naomi.对Naomi来说非常无聊

D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.对Naomi的职业生涯非常重要

分析：B没有提到；C完全错误；D文中没提，而且Naomi帮助Steve并不是出于是否对自己有利；所以只有A对。

68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.

在Steve演奏完“忧郁之花”前，他妻子Joni_______

A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted认为Steve的音乐才华完全耗尽了

B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about没有想到疾病给他带来的伤害的程度

C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music没有完全意识到他丈夫音乐的价值

D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection把她丈夫的音乐生涯推向了完美

分析：A不符合事实。如果是这样，文章后面的事都不会发生，而且妻子还在鼓励他；B不对，Steve记忆力丧失，几乎不能弹钢琴，除了Steve本人，没有人更加感同身受。D选项中的perfection把话说得太满。事实上，Steve的疾病非常严重，他演奏的过程也有很多瑕疵（比如断断停停，长时间暂停），这些都说明Steve几乎不能弹好钢琴，所以他的演奏不能说好，更加谈不上完美。只有C选项对，因为是Steve的女儿认为他爸爸的音乐有价值，才找到她的朋友帮忙。而在妻子眼中，Steve就是个病人，只不过对音乐有点爱好而已。

69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？

在波特兰市区举办的音乐会上，Steve感受如何？

A. He felt concerned about his illness.他非常关切自己的疾病。

B. He sensed a responsibility for music.他觉得对音乐有种责任。

C. He regained his faith in music.他重拾对音乐的信心。

D. He got into a state of quiet.他内心很平静。

分析：文中倒数第二段He told his family he was at peace.说明D对。其他三项都是某种没有事实根据的推测。

70. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

哪个适合做为本文的标题？

A. The Kindness of Friends朋友的友爱

B. The Power of Music音乐的力量

C. The Making of a Musician音乐家的塑造

D. The Value of Determination决心的价值

分析：这四个选项看起来都对，但很显然只有B选项最符合文章所要表达的深刻含义。