新教材英语人教版选择性必修第四册学案unit1ScienceFictionLearningAbout

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Unit 1 Science Fiction

Learning About Language

语法精讲•素养提升

被动语态(Passive Voice)

一图情境探究

1

舸

Women were not allowed to go I

to school in ancient times.4

/ Bui, in modem limes, women are given' ]] yjp equal chance lo study.

观察上面对话，并完成句子(1)1 was told(tell) not to take

anybody's belongings without permissions when I was little.

(2)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been

completed(compIete) in Beijing.

(3)The news would be sent to(send) the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

〜要义详析

一、被动语态常用于以下两种情况：

1 .不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。

*Rice is grown in the south of China.

中国南方种植水稻。

2 .强调动作的承受者。

*The tree was broken by that boy.

这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。

二、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：

⑴间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变；(2)直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。

- He told us a story.

他给我们讲故事。

- >We were told a story by him.

我们听(他讲)故事。

- >A story was told to us by him.

故事由他给我们讲。

2.动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。

*She will take good care of the children.

她将会好好照顾孩子们。

玲The children will be taken good care of by her.

孩子们将由她来好好照顾。

3.复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补

足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to必须补

±o例如：

*Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday.

->He was seen to swim in the lake yesterday.

4.特殊疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：一般用〃By+疑问词〃开头。

*Who has broken the cup?

谁打碎了杯子？

->By whom has the cup been broken?

杯子被谁打碎了？

【即学活用】(l)My English name is Walter. It was given by

mv English professor when I was at the university.

我的英文名是Walter,它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。

(2)Her money has been run out of and her patience is also running out.

她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。

(3)1 was made to crv by the moving movie.

我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。

三、被动语态和过去分词作表语.意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特 征及状态。如：

*The window is broken.

窗子破了。

*The window is broken by him.

窗子被他打破了。

1 .用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被so, very, too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so, very, too修饰，而需用

much,

very much, so much, too much

修饰。如：

*He was very interested in science.

他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构)*1 was so much surprised at the

scene that I didn't know what to do.

我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。(被动语态)

【即学活用】语法填空(1)1 was pleased to hear (hear)you've

been promoted.

(2)He was pleased by his teacher's praise.

(3)1 was quite surprised with the significance of the findings.

(4)Everyone was surprised by the speed with which the dispute was settled.

四、常见主动表被动的情况.有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill,

cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等)常用主动形式表被动。如：

*This pen writes smoothly.

这支钢笔写起来很流畅。

*This car sells well.

这车很畅销。

1 .在某些形容词(hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient,

impossible, convenient, cheap, expensive等)后的不定式用主动形式表被动。

如：

*English is easy to learn.

英语很容易学。

*The box is heavy to carry.

这箱子重得搬不动。

2

.“半 系动词 + 形容词”结构，look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove,

turn out

等。如：

*The food in this restaurant tastes good.

这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。

*The news turned out (to be) true.

这消息原来是真的。

3 . need, want, require, deserve, be worth

后面接动词的-ing

形式， 主动表被动。

*The novel is worth reading.这本小说值得一读。

*The old house requires repairing.这所旧房子需要修理。

【即学活用】语法填空(l)This kind of knife cuts (cut)well.

(2)Your writing is really difficult to read(read).

(3)That sounds (sound)great. Deal me in!

(4)AII the old carpets need replacing /to be replaced (replace).

五、有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。如:fit, have, marry, wish, cost,

notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer

from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。

【即学活用】完成句子(1)A person who is truly honest is

called a straight arrow.

直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。

(2)You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.

他们将问你许多怪题。

(3)By last December three ships had been built by them.

到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。

(4)1 have some clothes to wash.

我有一些衣服要洗。

(5)Your idea proved to be wrong.

你的想法证实是错的。

(6)The book sells quickly.

书销售得快。

(7)Will more gas be needed?

需要更多的煤气吗？

(8)The music isn't pleasant to listen to.

这音乐不好听。

课时检测•素养达标

I .用所给词的适当形式填空They are going to be sent(send)to

work in Tibet for two years.

1.

—Do you have any problems if you are offered(offer)this job?

—Well, Km thinking about the salary.

2.

Though we don't know what was being discussed, yet we can feel the topic

has been chanHed(chanHe).

3.

Much progress is being made(maks)in China with the help of the people/s

hard work.

4.

Nowadays, more new technologies are beinc applied(aDDlv)in the field of IT.

5.

The shop assistant was dismissed as she was accused!accuse)of cheating

customers.

6.

You are not allowed to go into the meeting room. A secret plan is being

discussed(discuss)there.

7.

The surface of this table feels so smooth. I think it is well worth buying(buv).

8.

The manager was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets had been

booked(book).

9.

When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has been decided(decide).

10.

将下列句子改写为被动语态We have studied English for 3

years at the spare-time school.

->English has been studied bv us for 3 years at the spare-time school.

1. They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

->100 tractors had been produced bv the end of last vear.

2. They have warned us to be careful of rats.

—We have been warned to be careful of rats bv them.

3. We must keep this in mind.

f This must be kept in mind.

4. We shall not use the washing machine again.

->The washing machine will not be used again.

5. A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.

玲Mv wallet was seen to drop bv a girl when she passed bv.

6. He showed me a ticket.

->A ticket was shown to me by him.

玲I was shown a ticket bv him.

7. The nurse is taking care of the sick people.

-^The sick people are being taken care of by the nurse.

一虐语法主题应用

请用被动语态介绍你喜欢的一部科幻小说。

1 .《弗兰肯斯坦》(Fskecste/力)是玛丽・雪莱(Marry Shelley)写的一篇科

幻小说。

2 .这本小说被认为是英国文学史上最早的科幻小说之一。

3 .这本小说出版后，受到广泛关注。

4

.小说的故事基于科学、想象和自身经历。

5 .这本小说已被翻译成多种语言。

Frankenstein ii a science fiction which was written bv Marrv Shellev. It is

regarded as one of the earliest science fictions in EnHish literature. After the

novel was published, it drew wide attention. The storv of the novel is based on

science, imagination and personal experiences. The novel has been translated

into many languages.