沪版牛津英语六年级(上)知识点提要

知识点提要：

一、 语音

容易读错的生词音标（想不起来的话，课后音标一一对照）granddaughter

almost

friendly

naughty

promise

reuse

discuss

island

dragon

market

museum

activity

secretary

bank

clerk

choir *

parent

project

invitation

club

___________________________________________________________

housing estate

exit

prawn *

wing

sour *

enough

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pyramid

yogurt

exercise

than

suggestion

porridge *

二、 词汇与词组

1. 容易错的单词拼写

➢ an aunt / an uncle 首字母发音都是元音，所以前面跟的不定冠词用“an”，同理，an hour ago (h不发音，所以用an).

➢ 注意比较：an umbrella vs. a useful book 虽然都是字母U开头，但➢

➢

➢

➢

➢

➢

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是因为u的发音不同，所以前面跟的冠词就不一样。另外,需要特别注意interesting / exciting 这样的元音开头的形容词，它们放在某个单数名词前面做修饰，这时也要用冠词an；但如果在它们前面又加了程度副词very / more…则冠词又必须变回a。 比如：

a book vs. an interesting book vs. a very interesting book

the Earth (大写E，且前面必须使用定冠词the, 表示独一无二的事物)

Friends of the Earth 表示一个环保组织（属于专有名词）， F / E大写。牛津课本上是把他们看成该组织的所有成员 （相当于people），动词用复数；不过，某些习题书上也会把它看成一个组织，动词用单数。

Unit 3 出现的各种地名翻译必须严格按书本标准来写，不要随意添加冠词，且首字母必须大写，比如：Green Island, Space Museum, Seaside

Town, Ocean Park, Times Square, Green Market, Garden City, Sandy Bay,

Dragon Bay, Star Town, Moon Town, North Bay, Spring Bay…

secret 秘密 / secretary 秘书 （复数：secretaries）

program (美式拼写) 以及 programme (英式拼写) 两种拼法都是对的。然而目前使用的是牛津教材，所以请使用英式拼写，考试时不要偷懒。

travel – travelling – traveller — travelled （过去式、过去分词）

书本采用英式拼写，所以跟这个单词有关的变形中的“ l ”全部双写！

➢ library 图书馆 （复数：libraries）

librarian 图书管理员 （复数：librarians）

➢ factory – factories ; cherry – cherries ; ferry – ferries； lady – ladies ;

➢

➢

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story – stories； strawberry - strawberries … 由“y”结尾的名词的复数，很多都是去y 变 – ies ; 但也有例外：boy – boys； toy – toys

(因为y前面o发的是元音)

fun （不可数名词）表示有趣的事。怎么用呢？体会一下Unit 9标题：

Picnics are fun. 另外，经常看到的句子是： Have fun! 或 Great fun!

** 形容词funny – 意思是说“搞笑、滑稽”。

Unit 8 - 11 学了很多好吃好喝的，重点是区分在英文里，它们哪些是可数的，哪些是不可数的（用中文想呢是肯定想不通的，只能狠狠记）；然后应该对应使用什么样的数量形容词来表达（a lot of / plenty of /

much / many / some / a piece of / a slice of / a few / a little 等等。

 可数：

noodles, eggs, sausages, hamburgers, chips, biscuits, cakes, prawns,

pineapples …注意：vegetables 可数 (tomatoes / potatoes / peppers /

mushrooms / onions / carrots 这些具体蔬菜也都可数；但cabbage 卷心菜作为蔬菜时不可数，那是因为咱们不会一整颗菜（像某种盆栽植物一样）端上来吃，都是切成碎片，所以它作为食物是数不清楚的 –

英文里面很多“不可数的食物”都是这个逻辑，一大块肉切到后面数不清了，一整条面包切到后来数不清了，一碗米饭数不清几粒米。。。

好吧，所以都算是“不可数”。

 不可数：

❖ 油盐酱醋调味品（salt, sugar, fat, sauce, jam …）

❖ 汤汤水水 & 各种饮料（soup, porridge, cola, soda, coffee, tea, beer,

water, juice, wine, lemonade …） 但注意： some drinks / soft drinks

❖ 肉类 (chicken, meat, beef, lamb, fish, ham, bacon …)

❖ “水果”**敲黑板！！！（“fruit“这个单词，作为集合名词来说是不可数的，但作为各种种类的水果是可以说fruits的，比如20

healthy fruits around us；另外，具体的水果：苹果、香蕉、橘子、草莓、樱桃、西瓜、菠萝、桃子、梨…这些都是可数的）

❖ 奶制品（milk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream…）

❖ 部分主食（rice, bread，pizza*；但面条、糕点除外）

注意：pizza 如果说一整只，比如Let’s make a pizza，那是可数的。但切成一片片来吃，那一般就说Let’s have some pizza.

❖ 最有趣的是“food”本身居然也是不可数。You always eat a lot of

spicy food! 这么理解：世上好吃的东西实在太多了，数不胜数！：）

➢ ground 注意拼写。另外表示楼层的英美差异:

一楼

英式英语

the ground floor

( “the”不要忘记)

二楼

❖ UNIT 1-10:

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美式英语

the first floor

the first floor the second floor

❖ 注意这些单词的拼写，以及括号里标注的复数形式。

granddaughter / naughty / badminton / barbecue / album / clerk / assistant / choir /

entrance / kindergarten / environment / sandcastle / advertisement / minute / escalator

/ delicious / astronaut / restaurant / tomato (es) / potato (es) / supermarket / sandwich

(es) / cabbage / biscuit / pyramid / exercise / yogurt / noticeboard / programme /

travelling / underground…

2. 经常考的词组

关于词组，话不多说，要求比较简单粗暴：书上怎么写就怎么背，一定不能随意替换或增删单词（比如：该不该用a / the/ -ing，以及介词的选择等等），这就是所谓的“固定搭配”。

Unit 1

 family tree

 my family and relatives (注：family 拼写上看起来像单数，但“家人”本身就是集合名词，表复数的含义；relatives则必须加s, 因为亲戚一般不会只有一个人吧…)

 get a lot of presents and birthday cards from … （话说a lot of + 复数名词

= lots of +复数名词，这个知识点掌握了吗？）

 make a birthday card for one of your family members…（family members是一个很好的表达——家庭成员，写作文提到家人的时候经常可以用的）

 频度副词：always / usually / often / sometimes / never…这些词在句子里摆 5 / 20

放的位置是有规律的，一般都放在实义动词或助动词前面，单独形式的be动词的后面。比如：

 I always play football on Sunday afternoons.

 She is always late for work. （am / is / are / was / were）

 She will always be my good friend. (will…be 这个就不属于单独形式的be 动词，所以就还是放在will …be的中间，也就是助动词后面，而不是be的后面了)。如果觉得这个知识点好烦啊，那就…凭语感吧：）

 play games / football / badminton （体育运动不加the; 乐器要加the）

 go shopping / swimming / cycling (双写、不双写的情况要仔细区分)

 go to a restaurant / the park

 watch TV / a film (movie)

Unit 2

 go out at night / at weekends = at the weekend (注意单复数和冠词)

 like to be together / play together / eat one’s lunch together

 walk to school = go to school on foot ( by bus / by bicycle / by underground…)

 share one’s food (with sb.) 友情提示：完形填空的时候share一直考到有没有，下次看到s_____ 需要填一个动词的时候想想share

 help each other / other people / others (注意：others = other people)

 be friendly and helpful

 be never late for school

 never get angry

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 be kind to others

 tell lies

 live in the USA （the 不要忘记！ the USA, the UK, etc.）

 visit Garden City (visit 动词) ； my/your visit to Garden City (visit 名词)

 look after the environment (注意：look after = take care of = care for)

 Friends of the Earth 这是一个环保组织的名字，所以要大写。

 keep the environment clean (keep sth. + 形容词，表示使某物保持…)

 help sb. (to) do sth. / help (to) do sth. (help 跟动词原形，to 一般都省略)

 pick up rubbish （注意：pick up—“捡起来” 和 pick—“挑选”的区别）

 air pollution / water pollution / land pollution （动词转化：pollute the air /

the water / the land / the environment…冠词the不要忘记）

 put rubbish into rubbish bins

 tell people not to leave rubbish （tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth.）

 reuse shopping bags

 promise to do / promise not to do sth. (tell / ask / promise …用法相似)

 discuss sth. with sb. （注意：discuss 及物动词，后跟sth，不要用介词about）

Unit 3

 spend a day out together

 be near / be far away from … (注意：near / far away from…都只是形容词，不可以省略前面be – am / is / are… 不然句子里就没有谓语了！)

 in Garden City / on Lucky Island / in Sunny Town (注意大写和介词的区别)

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 a photo of my family and me (想过没有：这里为什么用me不用I？算了，我还是自问自答吧：因为前面那个of是介词，就跟with / for / from…一样的，后面人称代词都要用宾格：me / you / him / her / them / us / it…)

 have breakfast /lunch / dinner / supper together （supper拼写注意一下）

 bring some photos to class (注意O 结尾的名词，复数大多数+s, 只有少部分是+es, 如：potatoes, tomatoes, heroes…)

 put your photos together (put…together 整理东西的意思)

 my photo album (以前有个很火的学英语的影音资料：Family Album USA)

 plan a visit / a trip (这里的visit是名词)

 visit a place in Garden City (这里的visit是动词)

 What about = How about…?

 the Mid-autumn Festival （传统节日复习一下，不要局限于中秋节）

 have a big birthday party

 have a good time

 make something special for the party

 make a birthday cake

 get enough food for the party

 go to the supermarket (注意supermarket的拼写，不要写成 / ..maket)

 have a picnic / a barbecue (注意：冠词a , 不要忘记！)

 fly kites / ride bicycles / make sandcastles / collect shells (全部复数+s)

Unit 4

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本单元词组不多，主要是各种职业了解一下，体现“新概念”词汇量的时候到了哦。注意有些元音字母开头的职业(或是前面加了元音开头的形容词)，前面冠词要用an, 比如an assistant / an engineer / an English teacher：

a secretary / a bank clerk / a policewomen / a dentist / a pilot / a fireman / a postman

/ a shop assistant / a doctor / a nurse / a teacher / a bus driver / a cook / a reporter

/ a writer / a painter / a businessman / a surgeon / a captain / an engineer / a

photographer / a sailor / a repairman / a gardener / a manager / a scientist …

 teach sb. sth. (双宾语结构，不用加介词), 如：teach children English

 make sick people better (make sb. / sth. + adj 使。。。怎么样)

 put out fires

 cook food for people

 make our city a safe place

 find out if he likes his job…

 start work / finish work (注意：这里的work是名词)

 年龄的表达：…years old = …岁

 I am fourteen years old. (口语经常省略years old. 直接说：She is eighteen.)

 I am a fourteen-year-old boy. (加了连字符以后，fourteen-year-old 就相当于一个形容词，通常要加上boy / girl / woman / lady / man…这样的名词，而且year不再需要复数S)。

 注意：如果表达的年龄是二十以上的数字，比如：twenty-seven, forty-two, thirty-eight years old那么数字中间的连字符一定不能省略，这个是正确的书面表达的要求。

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Unit 5

 Open Day programme

 plan the programme for … (注意：plan – planned – planned – planning)

 meet sb. at the entrance

 look at our class projects

 in the Arts and Crafts room (arts / crafts 后面都是复数)

 listen to the school choir / listen to the music (注意：to 不能省)

 in the hall / in the library / in the classroom / in the Music room …(介词：in)

 English Club noticeboard

 have tea and cakes

 want sb. to do sth.

 welcome the parents on the Open Day (注意介词on)

 in different places

 on the ground / first / second…floor (介词：on)

 first / next / then / after that / finally … 写作时可以表达顺序的连词

 write an invitation to sb. (注意：an )

 take (some) photos for …

 have a great time / have a good time

Unit 6

 travelling time to school

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 the amount of time they spend travelling to school **

 live near / far away from school

 go to school by bus / by ferry / by underground / by taxi / by light rail / on foot

 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. = sb. spend (s) + 时间 + doing sth.

 go to + 某个地方 = get to + 某个地方

注意： 某个地方 = here / there / home 时，前面的to 要省略

 on the bus

 walk to school

Unit 7

 rules around us

 have rules in the library / in the classroom / on the road / in the park / in the

shopping centre (注意：英式拼写centre ; 美式 center )

注意区别：in class 在课堂上 vs. in the classroom 在教室里

 walk on the grass

 keep quiet

 listen to our teachers (注意：LISTEN TO 这里的介词TO不能省略)

 pick the flowers (注意: 不要与PICK UP混淆 – pick up 表示接某人)

另：pick up sb. 当sb. 是人称代词时，要说pick sb. up

比如 -- pick me up; pick him up, 不能说 pick up me. ❌

 run across the road

 leave rubbish （rubbish 是不可数名词）

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 wait for sb. / sth. (注意：介词FOR不可省略)

 climb the trees

 leave our bicycles （这里的leave = park 停泊、停靠）

 on the right / left （the 不能省略）

 use the escalator on the left / on the right / in the middle

 break the rules

 chase each other

 the class rules

Unit 8

 dinner menu

 have sth. for breakfast / lunch / dinner / supper

 I’d like …for …

 steamed prawns with garlic （garlic不可数, steam - steamed - steamed）

 It’s my favourite (food). （注意：one’s favourite 某人的最爱）

 tomato and egg soup （soup不可数）

 fried eggs with bacon (bacon不可数)

 have some fruit (fruit不可数)

 buy some food （food不可数）

 shopping list

 fried chicken wings (fry - fried - fried)

 boiled eggs (boil - boiled - boiled)

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 baked potatoes (bake - baked - baked)

 fruit salad (不可数)

 compare the prices of food

 in the market

 in the supermarket

 in the ______ section

 at the ______ stall

 vegetable / seafood / frozen food / fruit / meat section / stall

Unit 9

 plan a picnic = prepare for a picnic

 have a picnic

 some soft drinks / apple juice / cola / meat / bread / fruit / snacks /chicken

wings 。。。 (注意：some后面可数、不可数名词都可以通用，表示一些)

 buy some food and drink for the picnic

 a bottle of jam （jam 不可数）

 a packet of nuts (nuts 可数，这里必须复数，一包里面肯定不止一颗坚果）

 a big bag of ice （ice不可数）

 spread on the bread （bread 不可数）

 eat a lot of things

 have little / some / enough / much money (注意：money 是不可数名词)

 eleven yuan / ten yuan / one yuan (注意：不管多少，中国货币单位不加s)

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Unit 10

 healthy / unhealthy eating （eating 动名词，饮食方式 = diets )

 good diets and bad diets

 the food pyramid

 each kind of food we need

 a little fat, salt and sugar. (a little 表示数量时，后面只能跟不可数名词)

 some milk, eggs, yogurt, meat, chicken and fish. （可数、不可数名词都可以）

 plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables （同上）

 a lot of rice, noodles and bread （同上）

 How much …? (询问不可数名词的数量)

 How many…？（询问可数名词的数量）

 have a healthy / an unhealthy diet (注意前面冠词不一样哦)

 do / does / did no exercise

 be / become / stay fit and healthy (反义：fat and unhealthy)

 stay with sb. for a few weeks

 as … as…

 less … than…

 more … than…

 eating habits

 suggestions for …

 eat a lot of / too much spicy / sweet / fried food

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Unit 11

 make a pizza

 how to do sth.

 a few slices of ham / sausage / green pepper / tomato

 a small tin of tomato sauce / beans

 a thick piece of bread

 use … as the base

 put … in a hot oven

 bake sth. for 5 minutes

 ingredients for …

 the bakery section / the snack section

三、 语法与句型

Unit 1 - 5

1. How many ____ do you have?

2. What do you do with your ______?

3. What else do you do with your _______?

4. I always / usually / sometimes _______ with _______.

5. (not) at all 一点也（不） / 完全（不） e.g. She does not talk at all.

6. Winnie is visiting Garden City for the first time. (time这里是“次数”的意思)

7. Have you been to ________?

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Yes, I’ve already been there. / No. I haven’t been there yet.

8. What about a trip to Ocean Park? (What about …? 口语中提出建议)

9. She / He is always / never ____.

10. She / He always / never ______.

11. We promise to / not to ______.

12. We like to ____ together.

13. How about ten o’clock in the morning? (How about …? 也是用来提建议的)

14. How are we going to get there?

15. “be + going to + 动词原形do” 将来时的基本表达方式之一

16. It is far away from Spring Bay. (= It is not near it.)

17. What do you usually / always / sometimes / often do at weekends?

18. What would you like to be?

I would like to be _______.

19. Would you like to be _____?

Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t.

Why? / Why not?

20. When do you usually start/finish work?

21. at seven o’clock in the morning / afternoon / evening

22. on the morning / afternoon /evening of December 25t

on Sunday morning / afternoon / evening

23. “will + 动词原形”将来时的第二种表达方式

24. What will they do first / next / then / after that / finally?

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25. 动词变位 / 时态转换： 注意有些动词的过去式和现在式是一模一样的

但是根据人称单复数可以判断到底是什么时态。比如：

 He cut his finger badly.

 She let me in.

 Tom put up his hand finally.

 May shut the door all of a sudden.

 The girl hurt her mother deeply.

很明显，上述各句都是一般过去时。因为主语全都是“三单”，动词都没加s, 只能解释为“动词过去式”和原形保持一致。如果改成否定句/ 一般疑问句 / 特殊疑问句的时候，要记得用did / didn’t.

常见的此类动词还有：

Put – put - put

Cut – cut – cut

Cost – cost – cost

Hit – hit – hit

Let – let – let

Hurt – hurt – hurt

Read – read – read

Shut – shut – shut

Set – set – set

Unit 6 - 11

26. How do you go to / get to_____?

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I go to / get to ______ by ______ / on foot.

27. How long does it take?

It takes about __________(to get there).

28. It takes sb. about _______ to _______.

29. Sb. spend(s) / spent ______ doing sth.

30. What do you see when you are on the bus / walking to ______?

I see some ___, a few ____ and a lot of ______ when I am on the bus /

walking to ____.

31. What does this sign mean?

32. We must / must not _________.

33. Where can we find it?

We can find it in a library / in a park / on a road.

34. What would you like to be?

I’d like to be a / an ________.

35. What would you like for dinner / breakfast / lunch?

I’d like ______ for _________.

36. What kind of _____ would you like?

37. Would you like ____ or ____?

38. Can we / I have ______, please?

39. Have you bought _______? Yes, I have bought _______.

40. Shall we do sth? / Let’s do sth.

41. Why do you like …? I like … because…

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42. May I have some ___, please?

OK. / Sure. / All right. / Yes, you may.

No, you may not. / I’m afraid you can’t.

43. Would you like some _____?

Yes, please. / No, thanks.

44. Here you are. / Here it is.

45. How much / many ____ do we need?

46. What do you usually have for breakfast / lunch / dinner？

47. I should … / I should not (表示建议的时候，用应该 / 不应该；而在讲规则的时候，用必须 / 不准 must do / must not do )

48. What food did ___ usually eat? (注意：过去一般时态也可以用USUALLY)

49. How did ____ become fit and healthy?

50. What did ____ like to have for lunch?

51. Why was ____ fat and unhealthy?

52. Which one was healthier / less healthy?

53. One was ____ and the other was _____.

54. I’d also like to have some _____

55. It’s over there, next to ____

56. Can you go and get a trolley, please?

57. I can smell some nice bread and cookies.

58. Firstly, use a thick piece of bread as the base.

59. Firstly / Secondly / Next / Then / After that / Finally …

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60. What would you Jill like on her pizza?

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