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2024年2月18日发(作者:数据库课程设计体会)
动一、五种基本形式:
词
英语中实义动词和系动词有五种基本形式;原形、现在式用于第三人称单数、过去式用于过去时态、过去分词用于各种完成时态和现在分词用于各种进行时态..
1、
构成规则
第三人称单数构成与名词由单数变复数
例词
一般情况下在动词后直接加-s构成
eat-eats; read-reads; play-plays等
以e结尾的直接加-s
write-writes;
close-closes等
以s;x;z;sh;ch以及字母o结尾的动Watch-watches;
词;后加-es
finish-finishes等
go-es;
come-comes;
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词;应将ystudy-studies; fly-flies等
改为i再加-es
2、规则动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成方法
原形
构成规例词
则
一般情turn
况
以-e结move;love
只加-d
moved; 去掉e再moving;
过去式和过去分词
构成规例词
则
加-ed
turned
加-ing
turning
现在分词
构成规则
例词
尾的
以辅音try;study
字母加y结尾的
以元音stay;play
字母加y结尾的
以重读stop;plan
闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母
loved
应将y改tried
为i再加studied
-ed
直接加stayed
-ed
played
加-ing
loving
直接加trying;
-ing
studying
直接加staying;
-ing
playing
双写末stopped
尾的辅planned
音字母再加-ed
双写末尾stopping;
的辅音字planning
母再加-ing
以r音节Prefer;refer
双写末preferred
双写末尾preferring;
结尾的
尾的r再referred
的r再加referring
加-ed
以ie结lie;die
尾的
加-d
-ing
lied;died
将ie变lying;
加-ing
dying
3、
常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词一览表
原形
am;is
过去式
was
过去分词
been
汉语翻译
是
are
bear
become
begin
break
bring
build
buy
catch
can情态动词
原形
come
cost
cut
do助动词
does助动词
drink
drive
eat
feel
find
fly
were
bore
became
began
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
could
过去式
came
cost
cut
did
did
drank
drove
ate
felt
found
flew
been
born
become
begun
broken
brought
built
bought
caught
是
忍受熊
成为;变成
开始
打坏;打破
带来
建筑;建设
买
揪住;抓住
能;会
汉语翻译
来
花费
砍;切
做
做
喝
驾驶;开车
吃
感觉
发现;找到
飞行;放飞
过去分词
come
cost
cut
done
done
drunk
driven
eaten
felt
found
flown
forget
get
give
go
grow
have助动词
has助动词
hear
know
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
lose
make
meet
may情态动词
forgot
got
gave
went
grew
had
had
heard
knew
learned/learnt
left
lent
let
lay
lost
made
met
might
forgot/forgotten
忘记
got/gotten
given
gone
grown
had
had
heard
known
learned/learnt
left
lent
let
lain
lost
made
met
得到
给予;给
走;去
成长;种植
有
有
听见
知道;了解
学习
离开;留下
借给
让
躺下
丢失
制造;制作
遇见
可以
必须
付钱;赔偿
放
读
paid
put
read
must情态动词
must
pay
put
read
paid
put
read
ride
ring
run
say
see
sell
rode
rang
ran
said
saw
sold
ridden
rung
run
said
seen
sold
骑;乘
钟、铃响;鸣
跑
说
看见
卖
将
唱
坐
汉语翻译
睡
闻起来;嗅
说
拼读;拼写
花费;度过
站
打扫
游泳
带去;花费;乘
教
告诉
想;思考
shall情态动词
should
sing
sit
原形
sleep
smell
speak
spell
spend
stand
sweep
swim
take
teach
tell
think
sang
sat
过去式
slept
smelt
spoke
spelt
spent
stood
swept
swam
took
taught
told
thought
sung
sat
过去分词
slept
smelt
spoken
spelt
spent
stood
swept
swum
took
taught
told
thought
wear
win
write
wore
won
wrote
worn
won
written
穿戴
获胜;赢
写
将;愿;会
will情态动词
would
laugh
shout
point
like
live
笑
喊;叫
指出;指向
喜欢
生活;居住现场直播的
laughed/’la:ft/
shouted
pointed
liked
lived
look
walk
show
looked
walked
showed
看
步行
给…看;显露出;表明
二、动词时态
定义:时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式..
四类:一般时态、进行时态、完成时态和完成进行时态..每一类时态都对应四种时间:过去、现在、将来、过去将来..常用8种时态:一般现在时;一般过去时;一般将来时;现在进行时;过去进行时;现在完成时;过去完成
时和过去将来时..
1、一般现在时
常见频度副词有:always总是;一直;often; usually; never; sometimes等
地球围绕着太阳转:The earth moves around the sun.表客观存在的真理或科学事实..
公交车来了:Here comes the bus.以here; there等开始的倒装句;表示动作正在进行..
2、一般过去时
有确定的时间状语;如:yesterday; two days ago; last+年/月/星期;the
other day; just now; in the old days; the day before yesterday前天;this morning/afternoon; at the age of+过去年龄段;when引导的状语从句过去;at+过去时间点;in+过去的年份等..
3、一般将来时
常用时间副词:tomorrow; soon;today; tonight时间状语短语:next
year/week/month; in a few days; in the future等..
构成:will/shall+动词原形;be going to+动词原形;表示打算和预测..
特殊情形:
be to+动词原形;表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性..如:She is to practice the piano tomorrow. 她明天将练习钢琴..
用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事..
用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事..
be about to+动词原形;表示即将要发生的事..
4、现在进行时
常与look; listen; now连用
5、过去进行时
the whole morning; all day yesterday; from nine to ten last evening;
when; while等标志性词语;主要表示过去某一时刻或表示过去某一阶段正在发生或进行的动作..
6、现在完成时:
常见时间状语:always; yet; just; ever; before;these days; recently;
in the past/few时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段 等..
构成:have/has+动词的过去分词
7、过去完成时
8、过去将来时
Would+动词原形
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