新概念英语第三册笔记第58课上课教案,上课,自学可直接使用

Lesson 58 A spot of bother 一点小麻烦（记叙文）

Vocabulary

Lift n. 电梯 elevator

1、vt 举起; 拿起 词组 lift up 2、抬起 (眼睛或头) （宾语eyes or head）

3、vt&vi If something lifts your spirits or your mood, or if they lift, you start feeling more cheerful. 鼓舞

4、n 搭便车（英） give sb a lift 5、电梯（英） elevator（美） 6、升力，提升力（流体力学）

An aeroplane has to reach a certain speed before there is enough lift to get it off the ground有足够的提升力

7、升降机（建筑） crane 吊车，起重机

Escalator [ˈeskəleɪtə(r)] 电动扶梯

raise 及物动词，常用词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。抚养，饲养

lift 指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。

monstrous adj. 极大的，可怕的 （个头比较大）monstrous ghost 可怕的妖怪

1、骇人听闻的; 极不公正的（a situation or event） 2、(令人不悦的事物) 巨大的 [强调] 3、恐怖的

Colossal adj.庞大的（= large in size）[kə’lɒsl]（通常指体积或总量极大的。）

-- A ship Titanic was colossal.

-- A colossal monument / A colossal statue

big 和 large 在表达，尺寸、大小和数量上没有区别。

great （伟大） (大的,极大的,伟大的,重要的,超乎寻常)

vast （辽阔、广阔、无垠的） -- vast desert （指空间、面积、范围巨大的。）

immense（adj.极广大的, 无边的，无限的） （指体积、数量或程度等超过一般标准的。）

-- immense = immeasurable 不可测量的 （measurable adj.可测量的）

enormous（重点突出数量、程度、体积）---强调程度时比big语气, 且更正式。（指尺寸或数量巨大的。）

-- We had an enormous lunch. -- He made a big success. / He made an enormous success.

Giant [‘dʒaɪənt]（n.巨人, 大力士 adj.庞大的, 巨大的）= gigantic [dʒaɪ’gæntɪk]（adj.巨人般的, 巨大的）（只作定语，指比其他同类事物大的。）

tremendous （= big、fast、powerful）[trə’mendəs]

1、巨大的；极大的 very great 同义词：huge 2、极好的；精彩的；了不起的 extremely good

Titanic（用于修饰人和物、体积大、力量大） -- The ship is titanic.

Titan [‘taɪtn] N-C 巨子;巨人;成就非凡的人 titan+ic

Huge 注意副词是 hugely，不去e

-- 强调体积大a huge stone / 数量巨大a huge sum of money (指体积、数量、程度方面极大的，但通常不用于重量。)

Massive [ˈmæsɪv] (尺寸、数量、规模) 非常大的 [强调] weapon of massive destruction

negligence [ˈneɡlɪdʒəns] n. 粗心大意（正式） 不可数 六级 渎职，玩忽职守

(formal or law 律) 疏忽；失职；失误； 过失the failure to give sb/sth enough care or attention

The accident was caused by negligence on the part of the driver. The doctor was sued for medical negligence.

一般用词为：不可数名词 carelessness

Neglect [nɪˈɡlekt] 1、[VN] 疏于照顾；未予看管to fail to take care of sb/sth

2、[VN] 忽略；忽视；不予重视to not give enough attention to sth

3、[V to inf] (formal) 疏忽；疏漏to fail or forget to do sth that you ought to do

4、[U] ~ (of sth/sb) 疏于照顾；未予看管（注意还有名词词性）

neglected [nɪˈɡlektɪd] a 被忽视的；无人照管的

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prudent [ˈpruːdnt] adj. 谨慎的 discreet/cautious/careful 六八级

Someone who is prudent is sensible and careful. 谨慎的 （不同语境中：明智的，精明的）

例句：we must be careful otherwise we would get into the trouble because of negeligence.

cautious 着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。留神，注意

prudent 指遇事审慎，思考计划周密，不贸然行事。总体形容一个人的特点

careful 侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。小心，细心

discreetly adv.谨慎地 言行等具体方面

discreet adj.谨值的，考虑周到的（（言行）谨慎的，慎重的，考虑周到的）=careful in speech and action

be discreet in ----He's discreet in giving his opinion. ----He's discreet in airing his views.言行举止很谨慎

composure [kəmˈpəʊʒə(r)] n. 镇静,沉着 同义词：calmness 八级

Composure is the appearance or feeling of calm and the ability to control your feelings. 冷静;镇定;沉着

人的表现或者感觉，所以一般是sb’s

Composed [kəmˈpəʊzd] 镇定的; 泰然自若的 [一般做表语] （v. 组成；作曲（compose过去分词）；著作）

intruder [ɪnˈtruːdə(r)] n.入侵者（尤指欲行窃者） burglar夜盗

intrude [ɪnˈtruːd] 1、~ (into/on/upon sb/sth)闯入；侵入；打扰to go or be somewhere where you are not wanted

or are not supposed to be （某地）

2、~ (on/into/upon sth)扰乱；侵扰；干扰 to disturb sth or have an unpleasant effect on it （某事物）

Intrusion [ɪnˈtruːʒn] n. 1、侵入；闯入 2、侵扰；打扰；干扰

侵入，闯入

break in，break into都可以表示“强行进入”，但break in 通常是不及物的，break into通常是及物的

burst into 闯入，更多是表达：突然 (哭、笑、唱) 起来；突然进入 (某种状态)

invade 首先是本意是军事上的：侵略；侵袭；侵扰，引申出“其他的入侵，对抗性或消极的eg：病毒”

invasion n. 入侵，侵略；侵袭；侵犯；[医] 侵入

lurk [lɜːk] v.潜藏 lurk in the darkness (尤指为做不正当的事而)埋伏，潜伏;潜在;隐藏着;“潜水”，隐身(在聊天室等阅读在线讨论但自己不参与其中) 是vi

1、（人/动物等）潜藏 wait there secretly so that they cannot be seen, usually because they intend to do sth bad.

2、（抽象事物）潜伏（亦即潜在） it exists but is not obvious or easily recognized

lurker 潜伏者

hinder [ˈhɪndə(r)] v. 妨碍

1、[VN] ~ sb/sth (from sth/from doing sth)阻碍；妨碍；阻挡to make it difficult for sb to do sth or sth to happen

2、牵制，束缚（动作）If sth hinders your movement, it makes it difficult for you to move forward or move around

hinder sb from doing sth.／prevent sb. from doing sth. Keep/stop阻止某人做某事 其中keep的from不能省

“阻止”词语辨析

hinder 语气较轻，多指阻碍、拖延人或事，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。

block 语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。

Vt 堵塞; 封锁（某物/地）；挡住（eg:视野view）；阻挡（道路one’s way）；阻止（某事）直接接对象

prevent 含义广泛，指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。

bar 含义与block很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入，但有对暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。

1、bar做禁止时，常用被动语态，someone is barred from a place or from doing；2、挡 (路) bar one’s way.

fingerprint n.指纹

take someone's fingerprints, 让某人按手指，采取某人的指纹

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fingerprint identification 指纹鉴定 Fingerprint lock 指纹锁

face recognition ; face identification ; facial recognition 面部识别，人脸识别 劳荣芝

chaos [ˈkeɪɒs] n.混乱，无秩序 Chaos is a state of complete disorder and confusion

in the state of chaos 杂乱无序的状态 order／disorder confusion

chaos 着重指令人无能为力或感到绝望的混乱状态。

disturbance 主要指社会中政治性的动乱、骚乱；也可指个人或少数人的闹事。

mess 语气强，口语中较常用的非正式用词。指既混乱又肮脏，尤指人思想混乱或外表不整洁。

confusion 指东西搅混在一起，凌乱得难以辨认；也可指思想混乱，以致无法进行正常的思维活动。

in chaos 混乱；纷乱

chaos and confusion 混乱与浑沌

inconceivable [ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbl] adj. 不可思议的 八级

难以想象的；无法相信的impossible to imagine or believe，难以置信，匪夷所思；非凡的（积极）

同义词：remarkable , extraordinary , magic , mysterious , incredible

反义词： conceivable [kənˈsiːvəbl] 可想像的; 可相信的

Conceive：

1、V-T/V-I ~ (of) sth (as sth)(formal) 想出（主意、计划等）；想象；构想；设想to form an idea, a plan, etc.

in your mind; to imagine sth

2、V-T/V-I 怀孕；怀（胎）when a woman conceives or conceives a child , she becomes pregnant

conceive (of) 构想，设想，想象 I can’t conceive of it

conceive of …as 把．．看作为/I conceive of the life there as beautiful picture.

regard as /describe as /imagine as/refer to…as/think of… as

fancy 与imagine略不同，往往指的是不切实际的，属于梦幻般的想象。

imagine 比conceive更强调形象思维，指在头脑中形成一个清晰明确的意象。

conceive 指在头脑中组织好自己的思想，在心中形成一个系统的思想或一个见解。

veritable [ˈverɪtəbl] adj. 真正地，地地道道的 （名副其实的 [强调]） 八级

[only before noun] (formal or humorous) 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的

a word used to emphasize that sb/sth can be compared to sb/sth else that is more exciting, more impressive, etc.

a veritable feast of pre-game entertainment. 一场名副其实的赛前娱乐盛宴。

magpie [ˈmæɡpaɪ] n.喜欢收藏物品的人 （另：鹊；喜鹊） 八级

爱收集（无价值物品）的人;爱收藏（破烂）的人，而collector没有这层语意

a person who like to collect things as a main or serious hobby

toss [tɒs] v. 抛

1、扔 throw（轻轻或漫不经心地）扔，抛，掷to throw sth lightly or carelessly

2、头 your head[VN] 甩（头，以表示恼怒或不耐烦）

3、抛 (硬币) toss a coin /Let us toss a coin to decide.

4、左右；上下 side to side/up and down（使）摇摆，挥动，颠簸 这个杀手不太冷，toss the apartment

烹调 in cooking[VN] 摇匀；翻动（以沾油、奶酪等） stir vt&n 搅拌 a liquid or other substance

[VN] ~ a pancake(BrE) 把（煎饼）颠起翻面

throw 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。

cast 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。

toss 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。

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Discard [dɪˈskɑːd] v.丢弃 abandon/desert/forsake

V-T If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it. 丢弃

give up as useless因为没有用而放弃．desert放弃自己责任 desert/forsake放弃家人

discard useless thing

discard A for b 把A舍去换B

Desert v.（军队中）开小差 [(for v.) dɪ'zɜːt; (for n.) 'dezət] （脱岗，离岗） desertion名词

V-T&V-I 开小差 （不及物时用介词from, desert from） -- The soldier deserted his army.

Desert .遗弃, 抛弃, 舍弃（= abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃;违背法律、道义、责任、信仰

-- desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his family

Abandon vt.抛弃, 舍弃, 离弃（被迫放弃所喜爱的或所负责的东西）especially when you should not do so

-- abandon one's home 离弃家园

-- He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.（research n.研究, 调查）

Forsake [fə'seɪk] vt.( 过去式 forsook [fɔː'sʊk] 过去分词 forsaken ) 舍弃, 放弃, 背弃 [文学性]

对象一般是亲人或关系亲密的人，或者是摒弃某种行为[文学性]；eg革除(旧风习等), 抛弃(坏习惯)

-- He forsook his family. -- He has forsaken his wife and children. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。

-- You must forsake your bad habits. 你必须革除你的坏习惯。

constable [ˈkʌnstəbl] n. 警察

1、(英国等国家中最低级别的)警察；警员

2、(美国城镇中参与维持秩序、级别低于县治安官的)巡官

关于警察：正式名称police 集合名词，policeman指个人，police officer警官

条子，警察cop（copper铜扣子），最开始是戏称，现在中性

patrol（巡警） undercover agent 卧底 adj. 秘密的，秘密从事的；从事间谍活动的

sheriff（县治安官）美国的郡县治安官，有时也译作“警长”， 仅是县一级的雇员，选举产生

marshal（司法部法警）一种是隶属于美国司法部。他们的职责包括保护联邦法官，证人保护计划，追捕跨州罪犯，押送囚犯等。另一种是Marshal 是小镇的警察，一般由小镇全民选举产生。

agent（探员）一般用于司法部警察，尤其是联邦调查局

普通警察只能执法，调查或者办案需要高级警察。英语中至少detective（刑警）。中国criminal police

纽约警察局(NYPD)警衔：

Officer =警员 Detective =警探 Sergeant =警司 Lieutenant =警督（中尉） Captain =警监（上尉）

Deputy Inspector = 副高级警监 Inspector = 高级警监 Deputy Chief = 副总警监

Assistant Chief = 助理总警监 Bureau Chief = 处总警监 Chief of Department = 局总警监

英国警察

警员Constable、高级警员Senior Constable、警长Sergeant、警署警长Station Sergeant、督察Inspector of

Police、高级督察Senior Inspector of Police、总督察Chief Inspector of Police、警司Superintendent of

Police、高级警司Senior Superintendent of Police

Five-O

源自美国关于夏威夷警察局的电视连续剧"檀岛警骑"(其英文名为"Hawaii 5-0", 因为夏威夷是美国的第五十个州, 故名之).从September 26, 1968演到April 26, 1980, 很有名气, 以至于俚语逐渐都用"Five-O"来代替警察了.

Deputy [ˈdepjuti] n. 代理人，代表 adj. 副的；代理的

deputy director 副局长，副厅长；副院长 deputy secretary 副秘书

deputy director general 副局长；副处长；副司长 deputy mayor 副市长

deputy chief 副局长；副科长；副处长；副警长；副总警监

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balcony n.阳台 另：(戏院或电影院里的) 楼座

ransack [ˈrænsæk] v. 洗劫 The robbers ransack the bank.

[VN] ~ sth (for sth)1、洗劫； 2、（为找东西）把…翻腾得乱七八糟，搜遍to make a place untidy, causing damage,

because you are looking for sth 对象是某个地点

同义词：turn upside down

scour ['skaʊə] vt.彻底搜查 scour : go through

1、vt ~ sth (for sb/sth) （彻底地）搜寻，搜查，翻找 （go through, turn inside out, search thoroughly）

2、vt ~ sth (out)（用粗糙的物体、用力）擦净，擦亮,

3、vt ~ sth (away/out) | ~ sth (from/out of sth) (费力地) 擦洗；洗涤；冲洗；（水、溪流）冲刷成；冲刷出

The house has been searched/scoured for the hidden bullions. 整个房子都被彻底找过了。

search 指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西 比look for 更正式

hunt 指漫无边际的寻找急需的东西 We spent a week hunting for the puma.

scour 表示彻底的搜查一个特定的范围 并暗示花费巨大的力气 They scour the woods for the child.

三个词的共同特点：search/scour/hunt/ransack都可以+ for 表示目的

Sack 1、解雇、开除 非正式的fire 2、（尤指旧时军队等）抢劫，洗劫，破坏(城镇或城市)

3、麻布(或厚纸、塑料等)大袋;(厚纸的)购物袋;一满袋;一大袋东西

屠杀：massacre [ˈmæsəkə(r)] n. 大屠杀；惨败；彻底破坏 v. 屠杀；彻底击败；彻底破坏；

Slaughter [ˈslɔːtə(r)] n. 屠宰；大屠杀；v. 屠宰（动物）；（尤指大量）屠杀（人、动物）；

massacre 语气比slaughter强。指大屠杀，尤指屠杀失去了自卫能力的人。

execute 指依法处死罪犯。

murder 指谋杀或凶杀。

slaughter 本义指大批宰杀动物，也指像屠宰牲畜一样一次杀死许多人。

assassinate 通常指因政治原因用非法手段杀害政治领袖人物或短名人士。

fussy [ˈfʌsi] adj. 大惊小怪的 小题大做的 I know that boy ,he is fussy .(口语中) 专四

1、无谓忧虑（或担心）的；大惊小怪的； too concerned or worried about details or standards, especially

unimportant ones 2、爱挑剔的，难取悦的 【不规则形式】 fussier, fussiest

Fuss [fʌs] 名词：无谓的忙乎 动词：瞎紧张; 瞎操心; 瞎忙乎 四级

fuss about 大惊小怪；忙乱

make a fuss 大惊小怪，小题大做；吵吵闹闹

make a fuss about 小题大作

 课文讲解

The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived.

老妇人回到了她居住的公寓楼，心里很高兴。

不定式的用法：主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语，同位语

Block 1、固体 solid material [C]（方形平面）大块；立方体；量词 a block of一大块；积木

2、建筑 building [C] (BrE) （公寓、办公、教学、医院等）大楼；（成组建筑中的）一栋楼房

3、街道 streets [C] 四面临街的一方块楼群；街区 [C] (NAmE) （两条街道之间的）一段街区

Vt：1、堵塞; 封锁 To block a road, channel, or pipe means to put an object across it or in it

2、挡住（your view），阻挡（one’s way） 3、阻止（sth）

Flat一般是英国英语公寓&学生宿舍，美国公寓叫做apartment，美国宿舍叫dormitory

Her shopping had tired her and her basket had grown heavier with every step of the way home.

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去商店买东西把她搞得筋疲力尽；在回家的路上，她每走一步，就感到手里的篮子又重了一点。

注意非灵主语和动词的灵活搭配。同时注意后半句过去完成时的时态运用。

Tire 1、vt&vi 使感到疲倦; 感到疲倦 2、vi 厌倦 [no passive] If you tire of something

He felt he would never tire of listening to her stories. 他觉得自己永远也不会厌倦听她的故事。

tired 疲倦的；厌倦的，厌烦的

be tired of厌烦，厌倦 be tired with/from因为什么而疲惫 be tired out 疲倦极了

tiring 累人的；麻烦的；无聊的；引起疲劳的

tiresome 烦人的，无聊的；令人讨厌的 （修饰人或物） troublesome麻烦的；讨厌的；使人苦恼的

tireless 不知疲倦的；不疲劳的

with介词短语做伴随状语。（直译的话：“伴随着每一步”）

every step of the way有很多用法。本身是一个名词。可做名词、状语等等。代表每一步，从头到尾。常用于加强语气或强调一个情况。

her basket had gorwn heavier with every step of the way home.(名词）

I will think of you every step of the way （状语）

We have been there with this company every step of the way.（状语）

同时way home副词做定语，需要后置。六种常见定语后置。

1、不定代词的定语

2、副词做定语（主要是地点副词、时间副词和方向副词）here, there, in, out, home, above, below, abroad, before,

yesterday等： eg: the food here the way home newspapers today students abroad

3、介词短语做定语（类似第四条，也可以视为省略从句）

4、定语从句或者是非谓动词短语或者是成对、较长的形容词（可视为省略从句）

Eg: Italian is a Language very difficult to learn She has a garden much larger than yours

5、定语由某些以-able或-ible结尾的形容词充当时，有时也后置。这类后置定语有时只表示暂时的特征、现象等。

It's the only solution possible.这是唯一可能采取的解决办法。

Are there any tickets available?还有票吗？ That's the only star visible now.那是颗现在唯一可见的星。

6、有些只具有表语功能的形容词作定语时，必须后置。

He was the only person awake at the moment.他是那时唯一醒着的人。

He is one of the few workers alive today who took part in the strike.参加过这次罢工还活着的少数工人之一。

In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest;

她乘上电梯后，只想着午餐和好好休息一下。

同样是非灵主语her thoughts，以及特殊的表语搭配，on，在什么上

Thought 1、N-CO A thought is an idea that you have in your mind. 想法

2、N-PLU A person's thoughts are their mind, or all the ideas in their mind when they are

concentrating on one particular thing. 心思 介词on

3、N-PLU A person's thoughts are their opinions on a particular subject. 看法 介词on

4、N-UNCO Thought is the activity of thinking, especially deeply, carefully, or logically. 思考

but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was

open.

但她到自己的楼层走出电梯后，就把这两件事忘了个干净，因为她突然发现她家的大门开着。

At小地点的介词短语做状语

Both做代词，指代上文中的lunch和a good rest

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In her sudden discovery，可以转化为discovering…的原因状语从句。 in 在。。中，在。。。期间

书面语中常常借助介词短语，作用：客观化准确化，同之前的多用被动化和名词化一样

口语中I did so as / because I believe that you can do it well. ==in the belief

书面语中 I did so in the belief that…in the thought that / in the hope that =thinking…./hoping….

In、on、at加名词或者动名词做时间状语表示不同的意思。In可表达类似during（prep）的作用

That引导的同位语从句（discovery）

Front door 正门，前门 back door 后门 front gate back gate（院，篱笆等）

door 指建筑物的大门或房间的门，一般有墙有顶，也指车辆等的门。

gate 指校园、公园、工厂、城市或庭院（篱笆）等的大门，通常有墙无顶。

She was thinking that she must reprimand her home help the next morning for such a monstrous piece of

negligence,

她心想明天上午一定要好好训斥那个干家务的帮手，她竟如此疏忽大意。

Was thinking和thought的区别，在表达时要注意。“在想”和“认为”，汉语中的“在想”包含“在想”和“认为”两个意思，而英语语意表达相对直接一些。这是学习新概念三要去感受、理解、领悟的东西。

What was I thinking 我刚才想什么来着？你脑子进水了（you）？

加介词about.强调对象（或者of，对象感更强烈）what are you thinking of？你想到了什么？

reprimand['reprɪmɑːnd] n. 谴责；训斥；申诉vt. 谴责；训斥；责难 ==scold

monstrous ['mɒnstrəs] adj. 巨大的；怪异的；荒谬的；畸形的；（表消极时）滔天、巨大的、极大的

negligence ['neglɪdʒ(ə)ns] n. 疏忽；忽视；粗心大意、过失、过失

piece of negligence = act of carelessness, not taking enough care。

注意这一个长句中有很多从句成分。

when she remembered that she had gone shopping after the home help had left and she knew that she had

turned both keys in their locks.

但突然记起来了，帮手是在她出去买东西之前走的，她还记得曾用了两把钥匙把大门锁上了。

注意这里when的翻译，和上句的联系，“她正想着什么，突然”

一、作副词

1. 作疑问副词，用于构成特殊疑问句，意为“什么时候；何时”

When will they come back？ When can you finish the work？

2. 作连接副词，引导名词性从句，或与不定式连用，意为“什么时候”

Can you tell me when the bank opens？ Have you decided when to go sightseeing？

3. 作关系副词，引导定语从句。

The main school holidays are from mid-December till early February，when the days are long and warm.

二、作从属连词，引导状语从句。

1-1. 表示时间，意为“当……时；在……的时候”

When you see him, please say hello to him. When I reached the station，the train had left.

1-2 用作从属连词，意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。主将从现

We will stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom. 老师一进教室我们就起立。

Fire the rockets when I give the signal. 我一发信号，你就点燃火箭。

2. 表示条件，相当于if，意为“倘若，如果”，表示条件。也用主将从现。

Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电

3. 表示对比，相当于whereas, while, since, 意为“既然；然而；尽管”，表示让步或者原因

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How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me？既然他们不愿听我的，

4-1. when 从句中使用虚拟语气，意为“本来……却……”

“虽然、然而、可是”，表示转折。

She paid when she could have entered free. 本来可以免费入场，而她却付了款。

4-2、真实语气，意为“而、却”，表示对比。

How can he say that everything is fine when it's obvious that it is not? 他怎能说一切都好呢？

三、作并列连词

引导时间状语从句，表示前面的叙述所没有提到过的信息，对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调，意为“这时；突然”。或是“在那时，正在这时”，表示时间。这时主句中可以用过去进行时，过去完成时或“ was/were about to do sth. ”结构。大致有以下三种情况：

1. be doing sth. when

I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。

2. be about to do sth. when

We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。

3. sb. had hardly/ when 意为“还没 / 刚刚……就”（或者是仅用过去完成时，表“刚刚”）

We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我们刚刚入睡，铃声就响了起来。

He had just finished the book when supper was served. 我刚刚读完这本书，这时晚饭就端上来了。

四、作代词，意为“什么时候，何时”，常用在since，till，up to等之后。

Since when have you been interested in my feelings？你从什么时候起开始关心起我的感受来了？

因为有remembered所以后面两个严格的使用过去完成时。

turn a key in the lock 在锁眼里转动钥匙

She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open,

她慢慢地走进前厅，立即发现所有的房门都敞开着，

Hall：1、（房子或公寓的）门厅；前厅；正门过道 also entrance hall（美） 还可分front hall和back Hall

2、(楼里的) 过道，（大楼内的）走廊

3、大厅;会堂;礼堂 A hall is a large room or building which is used for public events

hall of fame 名人纪念馆（名人堂） city hall 市政厅 memorial hall 纪念馆；纪念堂

concert hall 音乐厅 music hall 音乐厅 dance hall 舞厅 assembly hall 会馆；礼堂

lecture hall 讲堂，大讲堂；演讲厅；大教室，阶梯教室

business hall 营业厅 conference hall 会议厅；会议室；会议场所

lobby：1、[C] （公共建筑物进口处的）（旅馆等大型建筑的）门厅，前厅，大厅

2、[C] 游说团体；活动集团

3、VERB~ (sb) (for/against sth)游说（从政者或政府）lobbies, lobbying, lobbied, lobbied

yet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out.

而她记得在出门买东西前，她按老规矩是把房门一一锁上的。

Yet 连词和副词用法

conj. 但是；然而despite what has just been said 同义词：nevertheless

用于强调某件事超过先前的，或者补充说明某件事以前就存在了to emhasize that something is even morn

than it was before or in addition to what existed before

It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious. He has a good job, and yet he never seems to have any money.

Adv 1、用于否定句和疑问句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事

2、（用于否定句) 现在；即刻；马上 We don't need to start yet

3、从现在起直至某一时间；还 They won't arrive for at least two hours yet.

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4、（表示将来可能发生，尽管现在似乎没有可能）早晚，总有一天 We may win yet.

5、the best, longest, etc. sth ~ (done) 迄今为止，到当时为止（最好或最长等的）

the most comprehensive study yet of his music

6、~ another/more | ~ again （强调次数或数量的增加）

Prices were cut yet again (= once more, after many other times) . yet another diet book又一本

习语：as yet 直到现在；直至过去某时 until now or until a particular time in the past

As yet little was known of the causes of the disease. 当时人们对这种疾病的起因几乎一无所知。

Follow：按照，遵循，沿袭 following…practice 是现在分词短语作方式状语修饰 had shut。

同时这里的practice和she had shut them before going out.逻辑上是同位关系，但是以状语形式表现

Practice n.组织或个人的惯例性的做法、办事方式。某一项具体的

-- It is now quite common practice for married women not to take their husband’s second name.

international accepted practice 国际惯例

wide spread practice普通的做法（习惯），广为流传的做法

Habit n.个人的习惯、习性

-- Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。

Custom n.社会的习惯、风俗

-- the custom of giving present at Christmas

Routine 指做事的步骤 [C] 惯例，例行，常规 the normal order and way整体的多项步骤

引申出形容词和名词：平淡的，平淡乏味，老一套 [表不满]

Looking into the drawing room, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk.

她往起居室里看去，写字台边一片狼籍。

现在分词短语做伴随状语，scene 场景，画面（一眼看到的）

Over 是副词，在那边；在近旁 means in a place a short distance away from you eg: over there

By 是介词,意思是在旁边 eg by the riverside

confusion [kən'fjuːʒ(ə)n] n. 混淆，混乱；困惑 ==chaos

drawing room 客厅，会客厅[英国英语] [老式]； 同义词living room

It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence.

事情很清楚，在她外出时，窃贼曾闯进家门。

as clear as daylight一清二楚，极明显；光明正大；一清二楚，极明显 ==obvious

burglar ['bɜːglə] n. 夜贼，窃贼

burgle v.入室偷窃 (vt. 偷窃，破门盗窃vi. 偷窃，破门盗窃) burgle into a house

副词then的准确使用，“那时”

force [fɔːs]n. 力量；武力；军队；魄力 vt. 促使，推动；强迫；强加 注意动词意

1、使做某事 make sb do sth [often passive]强迫，迫使（某人做某事）同义词：compel

force sb into sth/into doing sth force sb to do sth compel sb to do sth

2、用体力 use physical strength 用力，强行（把…移动） eg: The door had been forced open

3、使发生 make sth happen [VN] 使发生（尤指趁他人尚未准备）force an entry的意思是“强行闯入”

4、[VN] 强作（笑颜）；强装（欢笑） eg：She managed to force a smile.

常用的短语：1、force sth↔back强忍（不表露情感）

2、force sb/sth on/upon sb 强迫接受；把…强加给

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3、force sth out of sb 强使说出（尤其通过威胁）

Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves,

她第一个条件反射是各个房间搜寻一下窃贼，

impulse n.冲动（= a sudden wish to do sth）（注意何为冲动） [电子] 脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力

pulse n.脉搏; [电子]脉冲 v.搏动;跳动;震动;洋溢着;充满(激情等)

on impulse 冲动的 -- she often buys things on impulse.

Be driven by impulse to do sth 情不自禁的做某事

have an impulse to do sth 心血来潮要做某事

-- I was driven by impulse to do it like this.

act on 以…来行事，遵循…来行事

act on the contention 按这一观点行事

act on the advice按这一建议行事 act on the recommendation

act on a sudden impulse 凭借一时冲动

Impulsive adj. 冲动的，易冲动的（这里的冲动常用） Impulsively adv.冲动的, 有推动力地

Round all the rooms介词短语做地点状语

Looking for分词短语做目的状语

but then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her,

但转念一想，像她这个年纪，最好找个人一起去。

副词then，“然后”。注意这里的but then的形式，转折型的顺接，与常见的递进型不同。注意灵活运用。

Decide 主观认为（并非只限于第一人称），断定，认识到（有一个结果）

At介词短语做状语，It形式主语，have的复合结构，with介词短语做宾补

so she went to fetch the porter from his basement.

于是她到地下室去找看门的人。

Fetch的灵活使用，除了常见的物以外对象还可以是人

convey 指通过中间人传递信息，或以某种方式把人或物送到目的地。可抽象，高级，输送

fetch 指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。

get 口语用词，与fetch基本同义，语气随便。

transport 指使用车辆或机械设备把人或货物从一处运载到另一处。正式

take 指从说话人或说话人心目中所在处把某人或某物带离开，带到离说话者有一定距离的地方，与bring的方向正相反，侧重方向，不着重方式。

bring 指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点，强调方向，不着重方式。

carry 指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方，不涉及方向，只强调方式。

Porter：(尤指火车站、机场或旅馆)行李员，搬运工; (医院里护送病人的)护工; 门卫;门房

By this time her legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea,

while he telephoned the police.

这时她两腿累得开始发抖，于是坐了下来，喝了一杯浓茶。与此同时，看门的人给警察挂了电话。

This time特殊的连词引导名词性从句，做时间状语，by是介词，两种时态，这里是典型的具体的时态。

be beginning to do强调状态 begin to do强调动作，个体发出的动作

tremble['tremb(ə)l]vi. 发抖；战栗；焦虑；摇晃vt. 使挥动；用颤抖的声音说出n. 颤抖；战栗；摇晃

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strong (饮品) 浓的; (化学品、药物) 含量高的, (颜色、味道) 浓烈的; 响亮的; (光线) 强烈的

Then, her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter's assistance to search for any

intruders who might still be lurking in her flat.

此刻老妇人也镇定了下来，准备在看门人的协助下搜寻可能仍躲藏在她房里的窍贼。

regain [rɪ'geɪn] vt.&vi 恢复（能力或品质等）；重新获得，重拾；（文学）回到(原位);返回

set off 1、启程; 出发 2、触发：引爆 (炸弹); 触发 (警报) 3、引发; 激起 sth

set off to do==set out to do set about doing

lurk [lɜːk] n. 潜伏；埋伏vi. 潜伏；潜藏；埋伏。

They went through the rooms, being careful to touch nothing,

他俩搜遍这每一个房间，小心翼翼地不接触任何东西，

go through 1、经过（to pass by）

2、 vt. （仔细的查看某物）查看，检查，审查；通读，查阅

3、 vt. （尤指反复的）详细研究，仔细琢磨

4、vt. 经历、遭受 (往往是不快的，消极的) （to experience or suffer）

5、(法律、协议、决定) 获得通过

Look through 浏览

Being现在分词短语做伴随状语 ==being careful not to touch anything

as they did not want to hinder the police in their search for fingerprints.

因为他们怕妨碍警察寻找指纹。

hinder['hɪndə] vi. 成为阻碍 vt. 阻碍；打扰

in search for sth = search sth 寻找，介词短语做状语，their形容词性无助代理做逻辑主语

The chaos was inconceivable.

房间里的紊乱状况是无法想像的。

inconceivable [ɪnkən'siːvəb(ə)l] adj. 不可思议的；难以置信的；不能想象的；匪夷所思的

you think it is very unlikely to happen or be true. 不可思议的.

She had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable magpie at hoarding;

老妇人在这套公寓里住了30年，她又是个名副其实的收藏家。

Since和延续性动词的连用，过去时和完成时表达的意思不一样

She lived there for 30 years she had lived there for 30 years.

for接段时间完成时和过去时表达的意思也是不一样的

veritable ['verɪtəb(ə)l]adj. 真正的，名副其实的:真实的

to emphasize the size, amount, or nature of something. 名副其实的强调.

Eg: ..a veritable feast of pre-game entertainment.…一场名副其实的赛前娱乐盛宴。

高考单词：virtual 1、[only before noun]很接近的；几乎…的；事实上的；实际上的；实质上的

The company has a virtual monopoly in this area of trade.公司实质上已经垄断了贸易。

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2、（通过计算机软件，如在互联网上）模拟的，虚拟的

Up to four players can compete in a virtual world of role playing.

virtual reality 虚拟现实 virtual world 虚拟世界；虚像世界

magpie ['mægpaɪ] n. 鹊，喜鹊；有收集零碎东西癖好的人

a magpie at 介词at方式在某方面，由“小点”引申出。Be good at, be mad at后加具体对象

hoarding ['hɔːdɪŋ] n. [贸易] 囤积；贮藏； v. 贮藏（hoard的ing形式）

hoard [hɔːd] n. 贮藏物；藏品 ~ (of sth)（钱、食物、贵重物品等的）贮存，聚藏；（尤指）秘藏

vt.&vi 贮藏；囤积；（尤指）秘藏

A hoard is a store of things that you have saved and that are valuable or important to you or you do not want other

people to have. 藏品.

The case involves a hoard of silver and jewels valued at up to £40m.此案涉及价值高达4000万美元的收藏品。

hoarder 贮藏者；囤积者

and it seemed as though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over.

看来她的每一件东西都被翻了出来，并且被里里外外看了遍。

As though=as if 在这里引导表语从句

一、as if 从句的作用

1． 在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。

如： She looks as if she were ten years younger． It seems as if our team is going to win．

2． 引导方式状语从句。

如： She loves the boy as if she were his mother． The child talked to us as if he were a grown up．

二、as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。

如： He acts as if （he was） a fool． Tom raised his hands as if（he was going）to say something．

She left the room hurriedly as if （she was）angry．

三、as if 从句的语气及时态

1． as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。

如： It sounds as if it is raining． He talks as if he is drunk．

2． as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：

（1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。

如： You look as if you didn’t care． He talks as if he knew where she was．

（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。

如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before． The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone．

（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形”。

如：He opened his mouth as if he would say something． It looks as if it might snow．

Toss out 扔掉;抛弃（无明确的方向，任意，随意）

Throw out 1、扔掉 2、（法律）不受理 (案件) 3、撵走; 开除 （对象是sb）

Throw away 1、扔掉=throw out 2、浪费 (机会、优势或好处)

turn over移交给；翻阅；把…翻过来；

over and over 副词短语：反复；再三

over and over again 一遍又一遍，again再次

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At least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her.

这样一来，她倒是容易将那些几年前就该扔掉的东西找出来了。

Sort n：[C] 种类；类别；品种people or things that are similar in a particular way 同义词：kind

Vt 1、 ~ sth (into sth) 整理；把…分类 2、（非正式）妥善处理；安排妥当（一般是被动）

Don't worry. We'll soon have this sorted. It's our problem. We'll get it sorted .

sort out 整理，整序；挑选出；分类；把…分门别类；分类 ==separate

sorting-out 去伪存真（挑选） Sorting Things Out 整理东西

本身是及物词性，注意表出处对对象介词一般是from：把什么区分出/分类出sort out/separate sth/sb from

Sort sth out 1、理顺；整理 2、把…安排好，安顿好

sort sth↔out (from sth) （从…中）区分出来，辨别出来 to separate sth from a larger group

sort through sth (for sth) 翻查；归整

categorize [ˈkætəɡəraɪz] vt把…分类 四级常用词 category n 种类; 范畴 幸运52

rate n 1、[C] 速度；进度 a rate of 2、[C] 比率；率 at a high rate of a high success/failure rate

3、[C] 价格；费用（指所索取或付出的价格、费用）

Vt 1、~ sb/sth (as) sth | ~ as sth 评估；评价；估价 2、（一般被动）划分等级；分等 接主补eg:no.2

3、（一般被动）对（电影或录像片）分级 X-rated 18岁

discard [dɪ'skɑːd]n. 抛弃；被丢弃的东西或人vt. 抛弃；放弃；丢弃vi. 放弃

was now being made 现在进行时，一是画面感，二更多的是同上，表示此刻的一个状态

easier for her宾补

Then a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat.

过了一会儿，一位巡官带着一名警察来了。她向他们讲述了发现公寓遭劫的经过。

With介词短语做伴随状语

tell sb sth. 告诉某人某事

tell sb of/about sth. 向某人讲述某事/有关...的情况

talk of 只表示“涉及”；talk about 表示谈细节；talk on 兼有议论（就某一话题）。

think of (1)想到;想起;想出（事物，原因，话题等） Nobody could think of anything to say.

(2)想出，想到(主意)He thought of another way of getting out of the marriage. 一个摆脱那桩婚姻的点子。

(3)认为，以为，视为(人或物具有某特点或用途) We all thought of him as a father. 我们都视他为父亲。

(4)关心;考虑;为…着想 I'm only thinking of you. 我一心只为你着想。

(5)考虑;打算

She's thinking of going to university next year

(6)think much/a lot of/a good deal of 对…评价(很高) The Director thought a good deal of him.

(7)think nothing of 认为…没什么了不起;觉得…很容易;认为…无所谓I thought nothing of betting £1,000 on a

horse.

think about考虑…（仅仅是考虑）; 捉摸…; 对…有（某种观点）; 回想起;

She doesn't stop to think about what she's saying. 她都没有停下来想一想自己在说些什么。

Give me a few hours to think about it. 给我几个小时考虑一下。

"I didn't even think about her," he said heavily. “我甚至没有想过她，”他沉重地说道。

The discovery of sth 发现，her引出逻辑主语，同上。多使用名词，表达的多样化

The inspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that the front door locks had not

been forced,

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巡官开始搜寻指纹，警察经检查发现大门锁头并无撬过的迹象。

While

Check: 主要的两个动词意思： 1、[VN] ~ sth (for sth) 检查；审查；核查；检验 （强调对象）

2、 ~ (with sb)查明；查看；核实；弄确实find out if sth is correct or true or if sth is how you think it is （强调结论） eg: [V (that)] Go and check (that) I've locked the windows. 去查看一下我是不是把窗户锁上了

That从句作宾语，表“某一事实、结论”

Be Forced 被迫，被强制力（破坏，违心做等等）

Force 除上面讲的，还有两个比较具体的用法

1、V-T If someone forces a lock, a door, or a window, they break the lock in order to get into a building without

using a key. 强行 (打开)

2、V-T If you force something into a particular position, you use a lot of strength to make it move there. 用力压住 They were forcing her head under the icy waters, drowning her.他们在用力把她的头按到冰冷的水中，淹她。

thereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony.

由此可以证明，窍贼或者是用万能钥匙，或者是翻越阳台进来的。

Proving分词短语做状语，这里是结果状语

thereby[ðeə'baɪ] adv. 从而，因此；由此 [正式]；在那附近；在那方面

（可以加结果，还可用于推理，作“故…，由此得出”）

You use thereby to introduce an important result or consequence of the event or action you have just mentioned

therefore adv You use therefore to introduce a logical result or conclusion. 因此（引导结果、结局或结论）

同时，要注意两个词都是副词，而不是连词

therefore 通常指引出一个推断出的必然结论。

hence 较正式用词，指接下来的东西是理所当然的必需的东西，但强调其重要性。

thus 多用于书面语中，可与therefore换用。

Skeleton key万能钥匙 masterkey 万能钥匙；总钥匙==passkey

Over爬越，翻越，从上部

There was no trace of fingerprints, but the inspector found a dirty red bundle that contained jewellery

which the old lady said was not hers.

巡官没有发现指纹，却发现了一个装有珠宝的、肮脏的红包袱。老妇人说那不是她的。

trace[treɪs] vi.追溯；沿路走vt. 追踪，查探；描绘；回溯 n.痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪] 迹线；缰绳

bundle ['bʌnd(ə)l] n. 束；捆 vt. 捆

parcel, package, bundle, bunch, packet, pack都有“捆，包”的意思，其区别是：

parcel 着重指邮包，也指将东西扎成小包或不太大的包。

package 指包装整齐严密的包裹或一包、一捆、一盒东西。

bundle 指多件东西被捆扎在一起。

bunch 指有规则地把同类东西固定在一起。

packet 一般指小件行李、邮包、还可指更小一些的包。

pack 指专为背负而包扎的包裹，也指驮物等。

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jewel 多指贵重的宝石，是经过切削打磨，通常镶嵌在胸针、项链或其它装饰物上的玉。可数

jewellery 是珠宝的总称，泛指各类珠宝，既指佩带或衣服的珠宝饰物，又指用普通金属、塑料或假宝石制作的装饰物。不可数

stone 特别强调稀少罕见或值钱的矿物。

gem 指经切割、磨光的宝石，引申指珍品、佳作。

六颗无限宝石Infinity Stone：空间宝石（The Space Stone），现实宝石 （The Reality Stone），时间宝石（The

Time Stone），力量宝石 （The Power Stone），心灵宝石 (The Mind Stone)，灵魂宝石( The Soul Stone)

The old lady said是插入语。

So their entry into this flat was apparently not the burglars' first job that day and they must have been

disturbed.

很明显，闯进这套公寓的窃贼那天并不是首次作案，而且他一定受了惊吓。

Their entry into，adj物主代词指出逻辑主语，into介词的作用下使名词动词化。整体做主语。灵活,丰富

Disturb 打扰，烦扰，惊扰（小偷偷窃的画面感）

The inspector then asked the old lady to try to check what was missing by the next day and advised her not

to stay alone in the flat for a few nights.

巡官请老妇人在次日之前设法查清丢了些什么，并劝她几夜之内不要独自一人在公寓过夜。

Check在这里仍然是强调结果，结论，事实；而非具体的事物对象

By the next day 1、到第二天止（段） 2、by the next day 第二天 =the next day

By 在…期间；处于某种状况during sth; in a particular situation，由表示方式引申出（by car）

to travel by day/night白天 / 夜间旅行 We had to work by candlelight.我们不得不借助烛光工作。

The old lady thought he was a fussy creature,

老妇人觉得巡官大惊小怪，

fussy ['fʌsɪ] adj. 爱挑剔的，难取悦的；易烦恼的，大惊小怪的

creature['kriːtʃə ]n. 动物，生物；人；创造物

表达出老太太的心情，在老太太面前是个小孩，家伙。生物人物生动戏谑。Man稍显生硬。

but since the porter agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she

described as a little spot of bother.

但既然看门人也同意他的意见，她只得打电话向女儿求援，说她碰到了一点儿小麻烦。

Ring=ring up英式英语 call=call up美式英语

what引导一个宾语从句，in是介词，在这里表示“在…领域，在…方面”。例如可以说ask for her help in math

宾语从句中what做describe的宾语，as介词短语做宾补

Spot N-COUNT A spot of a liquid is a small amount of it. 滴; 点 [英国英语]，引申出量词

== a bit of bother 一点小麻烦

a spot of bother: a bit of bother 一点小麻烦

exhausted/tired out/worn out/ wear out 筋疲力尽

having a lesson tied me as my school bag had grown heavier with every step of the way home.

thoughts …on 整个心思

例句：I didn’t notice u as that moment because my thoughts were on the Text book.

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in the belief that ..

a piece of negligence negligence 不可数

when :at that moment

it was as clear as that daylight that … 例句：he is as stubborn as a mule.

obviously impulse a strong tea 浓茶

regain :recover go through : search forced :broken

there was no trace of sth.

bundle: parcel a bundle of hay一捆干草

enter v. entry n. enter WTO

apparently : obviously creature: living things 生物

in her sudden discovery that in the belief that..

词组归纳

of flats discovery help r practice g room

9.a scene of confusion clear as daylight an entry impulse

tea through their search for out over

out inspector on keys trace of up

Lesson 58 1c 2b 3d 4a 5a 6a 7c 8a 9b 10b 11d 12d

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