简明英国文学史问题及答案

Quiz (1)

1. The first settlers of the British Isles were Celt, and Britain got its name from a

branch of this people called Briton. But later they were driven to live in Scotland,

Wales and Ireland.

不列颠群岛的第一批定居者是凯尔特人，Britain的叫法则就是来源于他们的一个叫做

Briton（不列颠人）的分支。但后来他们被驱赶到苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰居住。

2. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were Germanic tribes originally living on the

Continent. They moved to the British Isles and became the ancestors of the English

people.

盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人是最初居住在大陆的日耳曼部落。他们搬到不列颠群岛，

成为英国人的祖先。

3. The most important event of the Old English Period was Norman Conquest,

which took place in the year 1066.

古英语时期最重要的事件是1006年发生的诺尔曼征服。

4. The Roman Catholic Church sent St. Augustine to England in 597 to convert

the English people to Catholicism.

罗马天主教会于597年将圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰，使英国人皈依天主教。。

5. Name two poems of this period apart from Beowulf:

Widsith

, and

The

Seafarer

.

请列出这段时期的除了《贝奥武夫》两首诗：Widsith(威德西斯)和The Seafarer(水

手)

6. Beowulf is an epic of Alliterative lines, and it tells the events that took place

on the Continent before they moved to the British Isles.

贝奥武甫（Beowulf）是一首头韵体裁的史诗，它讲述了在大陆迁移到不列颠群岛之

前发生的事件。

7. After the Anglo-Saxon English took in loan words from French and Latin and

lost most of its feclions and many of its grammar rules, it was called Middle

English.

盎格鲁 - 撒克逊英语在使用法语和拉丁语的借词之后，失去了大部分的功能和许多语

法规则，这就是所谓的中古英语。

8. Romance can be divided into three kinds according to subject matter. They

are Matter of France, Matter of Rome, Matter of Britain.

罗曼史可以根据题材分为三种。他们是法国题材，罗马题材和英国题材。

9. Romances of the English subject are tales about King Arthur and his

Round-Table Knights.

英国题材的传奇故事是关于亚瑟国王及其圆桌骑士的故事。

10. John Wyclif was a translator of The Bible, William Langland wrote

Piers

Plowman

and the most famous English ballads are those about Robin Hood.

约翰·威克利夫是《圣经》的翻译者。，威廉·兰格伦写的《皮尔斯·普洛曼》，最著名的

是那些关于罗宾汉的英语歌谣。

Quiz (2)

1. Henry VIII broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and established the

Church of England (the Anglican Church).

亨利八世脱离罗马天主教会，建立了英格兰教会（圣公会教堂）。

2. It was Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard who introduced Italian sonnets

into England.

托马斯怀亚特和亨利·霍华德把意大利十四行诗引入英国。

3. Thomas More’s famous line in Utopia that exposes the calamities of the

Enclosure Movement is sheep devouring men.

托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）在乌托邦（Utopia）里著名的一句揭露圈地运动灾难

性的话是：羊吃人（sheep devouring men）。

4.

Faerie Queene

was planned for 12 books, each standing for one moral

principle, but only six books were finished centering on the following six virtues:

Chastity, Temperance, Truth, Justice, Friendship and Courtesy.

《仙后》(The Faerie Queene, 1589-1596) 原计划12本书里每一本代表一个道德原

则，但只有六本书完成并且围绕着以下六个优点：贞节，节制，真理，正义，友谊和礼节。

5. Philip Sidney’s essay on poetry is called

The Defence of Poesy

, John Lyly’s

prose romance has a main character Euphues, whose name is afterward

responsible for an expression in the dictionary to represent a style of speech;

Thomas Lodge is mainly remembered today for his prose romance

Rosalynde

,

Thomas Nashe is believed to have joined Marlowe in writing

Dido, Queene of

Carthage

, and Robert Greene is connected with Shakespeare for attacking the later

in one of his pamphlets as a(n) upstart.

菲利普·西德尼（Philip Sidney）关于散文诗称为“诗歌守护者。约翰·李利的散文爱情

故事”（The Defence of Poesy）具有尤弗伊斯体的特征，这个名字后来在字典中用来表

示一种讲话风格。直至今日托马斯·洛奇凭借他的散文爱情故事而被记住，托马斯·纳什被认

为与马洛一起编写《迦太基女王戴朵》，罗伯特·格林与莎士比亚有关联，因为他在一本小

册子中作为一个暴发户攻击了后来者。

6. Christopher Marlowe used blank verse to write his plays and two of his

important plays are Tamberlaine, and the Great.

克里斯托弗·马洛用无韵诗写他的戏剧，他的两个重要的戏剧Tamberlaine和the

great。

7. Francis Bacon’s works are expressions of his thought on practical science,

and his prose style is best represented in an essay called “On Study”.

弗朗西斯·培根的作品体现了他的实学思想，他的散文风格在《论读书》一书中得到了

最好的体现。

8. Ben Jonson’s masterpiece is a comedy of humours called

Volpone

, and he

was made poet laureate in 1616.

本琼森的杰作是一部名为狐坡尼（Volpone）的喜剧小说，并于1616年成为诗人桂

冠。

9. List any three of Shakespeare’s comedies:

A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream

,

As You Like It

and

The Twelfth Night

.

列出任意三个莎士比亚的喜剧:《仲夏夜之梦》,《皆大欢喜》,《第十二夜》。

10. The four great tragedies by Shakespeare are

Hamlet

,

King Lear

,

Macbeth

,

and

Othello

.

莎士比亚的四大悲剧是《哈姆雷特》，《李尔王》，《麦克白》和《奥赛罗》。

11. Shakespeare has produced two tetralogies of English history plays, and

the most discussed two are

Henry IV Part I

, and

Henry IV Part II

.

莎士比亚创作了两部英国历史剧的四部曲，其中讨论最多的是亨利四世第一部和亨利

四世第二部。

12. Falstaff was no good companion for Prince Hall, who later became

Henry

V

, a powerful king of England.

福斯塔夫对于后来成为英格兰强大国王亨利五世的霍尔王子来说并不是良友。

13. Shylock was a Jew and a usurer in

The Merchant of Venice

, and he tried

to take revenge on the Christians who despised ad ill-treated him.

夏洛克是《威尼斯商人》中的犹太人和高利贷者，他试图报复那些鄙视他的虐待他的

基督徒。

14. Iago is the villain in

Othello

, who set a trap to lead Othello to believe that

his wife Desdemona was unfaithful to him.

伊阿古是《奥赛罗》的反派，他设置了一个陷阱来引导奥赛罗相信他的妻子苔丝狄蒙

娜对他不忠。

15. Ariel is a spirit in the dramatic romance The Tempest in which he helped

Prospero, the former duke of Milan to get back the lost power.

（莎士比亚剧本<暴风雨>中的） 空气般的精灵Ariel是传奇剧《暴风雨》中一种精

神，他帮助米兰前公爵普罗斯佩罗找回了失去的权力。

16. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, which can be divided into two groups

with 126 and 26 sonnets in each group.

莎士比亚写了154首十四行诗，分为两组，每组有126首和26首十四行诗。

17. The Shakespearean sonnet rhymes

abab cdcd efef gg

, and the last two

lines are used as a conclusion to sum up the message of the poem.

莎士比亚的十四行诗的押韵abab cdcd efef gg，最后两行作为总结诗歌信息的结论。

P165

1. The two well-known newspapers run by Steele and Addison are

The

spectator and The tatler.

由斯蒂尔和爱迪生经营的两大著名报纸是《旁观者》《爱说三道四的人》。

2．Pope wrote a poem about literary principles in the form of heroic couplet

which is entitled An Essay on Criticism.

蒲伯写了一首英雄偶句形式的文学原则，书名为《批评论》。

3． Samuel Johnson was prejudiced against Milton, whereas Joseph Addison

wrote 18 critical essays to praise this great English poet.

塞缪尔.约翰逊对弥尔顿有偏见，而约翰.爱迪生写了18篇关键性的文章区赞美这个伟

大的英国诗人。

4.

Gulliver’s Travels

consists of four books too tell separately Gulliver’s

adventures in Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island, the country of the horses.

格列佛游记还有四本书组成，分别告诉我们格列佛在小人国、大人国、飞岛和马国的

冒险历程。

5. Johnson took 7 years to compile

A Dictionary of the English Language

, and

he ran a journal called

Rambler.

约翰逊花了7年的时间去编译了《英语大字典》，并且经营了一个《漫步者》的杂志。

6. Pope solved his financial problem with the money he got from translating

Homer, and Richardson became the first English writer who did not depend on

writing for a living.

蒲伯通过翻译《荷马史诗》来解决他的财务问题，理查德森成为第一个不依赖写作谋

生的英国诗人。

7. Name two English female novelists during the first flowering of the novel in

England (Frances Burney, Sarah Fielding)

写出两个在第一次英国小说繁荣时期的女作家：弗朗西丝.伯尼和萨拉.菲尔。

Burns is most well-known for his poems written in Scottish dialect

and William Black took engraving as his occupation.

罗伯特.伯恩斯最著名的诗是用苏格兰方言写的并且威廉.布莱克把雕刻作为他的职业。

P97 Quiz

1. Who was the leader of the Puritan Revolution of England?

谁是英格兰清教徒革命的领导人？

答案：B Oliver Cromwell 奥利弗.克伦威尔

2. Who was executed as the enemy of the English people after the victory of

the Bourgeois Revolution?

英国资产阶级革命胜利后被英国人视为敌人处死的是谁？

答案：D Charles I 查尔斯一世

3. The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of________?

光荣革命发生在_________?

答案：B 1688

4. The Bible was translated under the reign of_____ and published in__________.

圣经是在哪个国王的统治时期被翻译的？出版时间？

答案：A King James I, 1611 詹姆斯一世，1611年·

5. In the early 17

th

century there was a group of court poets represented by

John Suckling, Robert Herrick, etc. who were called__________

在17世纪早期，有一群由约翰.萨克林和罗伯特.赫里克等代表的诗人，他们被称为骑

士派诗人

答案：B cavalier poets 骑士派诗人

6. Milton’s poem

Lycidas

is a(n)__elegy______ and his

paradise lost

is written

in_(_blank verse___)_____.

弥尔顿的诗“黎西达斯”是一首挽歌，他的失乐园是无韵诗。

答案：elegy; blank verse

7. Metaphysical poets are noted for their used of __conceits________

玄学派诗人以他们的自负二闻名。

答案：B conceits

8． In the Restoration period, drama revived mainly because_________.

A. Charles II and his court brought back with them a taste for drama.

在复辟时期，戏剧复兴主要是因为查尔斯二世和他的法庭将对戏剧的兴趣重新带回来

了。

9． Restoration plays have a significance in the history of English literature

because (A. they anticipate the plays of social manners by later dramatists like

Sheridan and Goldsmith.)

王朝复辟时期戏剧在英国文学史上有着重要意义，因为他们后期的剧作家例如

Sheridan和Goldsmith可以通过戏剧预料社会习俗。

10. William Congreve chose to write his comedies on subjects of (A. family

and social pressures on young people’s free choice in love and marriage)

威廉康格里夫选择写他的喜剧主要以肩负着家庭和社会压力的年轻人在爱情和婚姻中

的选择为主题。

11. Of the four speakers in hi

s Of Dramatick Poesie

John Dryden speaks

through the character called (D. Neander) 译者无能为力，请见谅！！！！！！！！！！！！

12．Besides heroic plays, Dryden also produced (-comedies) such as

Secret Love

and

Marriage a-la-mode.

除了英雄剧之外，屈莱顿还创作出有悲喜剧例如《神秘爱情》和《时髦的婚姻》。

13. In religion John Bunyan was a (B. Puritan disenter).

在宗教中约翰.班扬是一个清教徒反对者。

14.

The Pilgrim’s Progress

is an allegory.

天路历程是一部寓言故事。

15. Before Dryden and Bunyan, the English prose mainly followed the French

and Latin styles.

在屈莱顿和班扬之前，英语散文主要遵循法国和拉丁语风格。

P215

1. The two poets who won the title of the poet laureate are Wordsworth and

Southey.

获得桂冠诗人头衔的两位诗人是华兹华斯和索锡（骚塞）

2. When composing poems for Lyrical ballads, Coleridge was given the task of

writing about the supernatural and romantic.

在为抒情诗集创作诗歌时，柯尔律治的目的是表现超自然的、浪漫的内容。

3. Wordsworth does not emphasise the importance of the right poetic form in

poetry composition.

华兹华斯没有强调正确的诗歌形式在诗歌创作中的重要性。

4.

Prometheus Unbound

is a(n) lyrical drama by Shelley.

《解缚的普罗米修斯》是雪莱创作的抒情戏剧。

5. After the massacre in St. Peter’s Field near Manchester, Shelley wrote

“Song to the Men of England”.

在曼彻斯特附近的圣彼得广场发生大屠杀之后，雪莱写了《给英格兰人民的歌》。

6.

King Richard the Lion Heart and Robin Hood both appear in Scott’s novel

Ivanhoe

.

狮心王理查和罗宾汉都出现在司各特的小说《艾凡赫》中。

7.

Of the following four novels by Austen

Pride and Prejudice

is the most

popular and dramatic one.

在以下四部奥斯汀的小说中，《傲慢与偏见》是最受欢最引人注目的。

8.

Which of the following poems was written by Scott?

The Lady of the Lake

.

——以下哪部作品是司各特写的？

——《湖上夫人》

9.

The Lord of the Isles

is a poem that tells the glorious victory of the battle at

Bannockburn led by the Scottish national hero Robert Bruce.

《岛屿的领主》是一首讲述苏格兰民族英雄罗伯特•布鲁斯领导的班诺克本战役光荣胜

利的诗。

10. Shelley was influenced by Utopian ideal of

William Godwin

.

雪莱受到威廉•戈德温的乌托邦理想的影响。

P462

1. In Chaucer’s

Canterbury Tales

, the pilgrims set out to Canterbury to pay

tribute to Thomas Becket.

在乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》中朝圣者们前往坎特伯雷向托马斯•贝克特朝贡。

2. In

The Faerie Queene

, Edmund Spenser eulogised knightly virtues in a

special metrical scheme later called “Spenserian stanza”

在《仙后》中，艾德蒙•斯宾塞用了一种特殊的格律颂扬了骑士的美德，后来这种格律

被称作“斯宾塞诗体”

3. Which of the following is NOT Shakespeare’s play?

Edward the Second

.

——以下哪一部不是莎士比亚的戏剧？

——爱德华二世。

4. Milton’s

Paradise Lost

was inspired by Cromwell’s Puritan revolution.

弥尔顿的《失乐园》是受克伦威尔的清教革命启发而创作的。

5. Which episode in Jonathan Swift’s

Gulliver’s Travels

satirises pedantry?

that of Laputa

——在乔纳森•斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》中，哪一段情节是用来讽刺迂腐的？

——拉普他岛的那一段

6. Henry Fielding’s

Joseph Andrews

is initially meant to be a deliberate

parody of Richardson’s

Pamela

.

亨利•菲尔丁的《约瑟夫•安德鲁斯》起初是刻意模仿理查森的《帕梅拉》。

7. Wordsworth and Coleridge co-authored the

Lyrical Ballads

, Often

considered the manifesto of Romanticism.

华兹华斯和柯尔律治共同创作了《抒情诗集》，经常被认为是浪漫主义的宣言。

8. The title of William Thackeray’s novel, Vanity Fair, is taken from Bunyan’s

Pilgrim’s Progress

.

.威廉·萨克雷的小说《名利场》的标题取自班扬的《朝圣者的进步》。

9. Alfred Tennyson’s

The Idylls of the King

draws on Arthurian tales.

阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生的《国王的田园诗》借鉴了亚瑟王的故事。

10. Many of Arnold Bennett’s novels are set in the Five Towns, also known

as the Potteries, where pots, cups, and saucers have been made for over two

centuries.

阿诺德·本内特的小说中的许多小说都设定在五大城市，也就是所谓的陶器场，在那里

有两百多年前制造的盆，茶杯和碟子。