专四习题课CLOZE

CLOZE

Ex 1

Researchers have established that when people are mentally 1 , biochemical

changes occur in the brain that allow it to 2 more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas

such as attention and memory. This is true 3 age.

People will be alert and 4 if they are faced with information that 5 them to

think about things they are 6 in. And someone with a history of doing more 7

less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active 8 .

Many experts are so convinced 9 the benefits of challenging the brain that they are

10 the theory to work in their own lives. "The idea is not 11 to learn to memorize

enormous 12 of information," says James Fozard, associate director of the National

Institute on Aging. "Most of us don't need that kind of skill. Such specific training is 13

less interest than being able to maintain mental 14 ." Fozard and others say they

challenge their brains with different mental skills, 15 because they enjoy them and

because they are sure that their range of activities will help the 16 their brains work.

Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, says that we are frequently advised to keep

17 active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who

18 are more 19 to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier

and better adjusted. And intellectual activity actually 20 brain-cell health and size.

1. A. strengthened B. alert C. engaged D. activated

2. A. act B. think C. learn D. respond

3. A. as to B. regardless of C. in spite of D. despite

4. A. deceptive B. inceptive C. perceptive D. receptive

5. A. makes B. lets C. pushes D. gets

6. A. familiar B. interested C. impressed D. attracted

7. A. rather than B. other than C. instead of D. in place of

8. A. brain B. mind C. intellect D. mentality

9. A. with B. at C. of D. in

10. A. putting B. trying C. using D. laying

11. A. certainly B. necessarily C. immediately D. quickly

12. A. number B. numbers C. amount D. amounts

13. A. of B. in C. with D. at

14. A. function B. alertness C. activity D. shape

15. A. both B. not C. and D. which

16. A. style B. effect C. efficiency D. way

17. A. bodily B. physically C. spiritually D. intellectually

18. A. do B. act C. work D. laugh

19. A. possible B. able C. likely D. often

20. A. affects B. influences C. reflects D. changes

Ex 2

In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, 1 it's

picking one of thirty-one ice cream 2 , or deciding whether and when to get married.

That sounds like a 3 thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make

us confused, even paralyzed 4 indecision. "That's particularly true 5 it

comes to the work place," says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human behavior.

Students 6 with a variety of skills and interests, but often find themselves 7

when they are to choose an ultimate career 8 . In a study, Schwartz observed

decision-making among college students 9 their senior year.

Based on answers to questions 10 their job hunting strategies and career decisions,

he divided the students into two groups: maximizers, who 11 every possible option,

and satisficers, who look until they find an option that is good enough. You might 12 that

the student who had undertaken the most 13 search would be the most satisfied with their

final decision, but it 14 that's not tree. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up

15 better-paying jobs than satisficers on 16 , they weren't 17 happy with

their decision. The reason why these people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may

also be a world of 18 opportunities. When you look at every possible option, you 19

to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, a person

is more acutely 20 of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career.

1. A. such as B. either C. whether D. even if

2. A. tastes B. flavors C. varieties D. styles

3. A. nasty B. great C. reasonable D. common

4. A. with B. of C. at D. from

5. A. when B. as C. before D. after

6. A. graduate B. are graduating C. have graduated D. graduated

7. A. overwhelmed B. overexcited C. dumbfounded D. stupefied

8. A. direction B. choice C. pursuit D. goal

9. A. before B. after C. from D. during

10. A. regardless B. regarding C. regarding of D. as regard

11. A. like B. choose C. consider D. deny

12. A. know B. agree C. argue D. expect

13. A. exhaust B. exhausting C. exhausted D. exhaustion

14. A. turns away B. turns in C. turns out D. turns against

15. A. in B. at C. to D. with

16. A. equal B. average C. terms D. percentage

17. A. so B. that C. as D. less

18. A. missing B. missed C. gaining D. gained

19. A. tend B. oblige C. used D. incline

20. A. affirmative B. clear C. regretful D. aware

Ex 3

There was a time in my life when people asked 1 for stories about what it's like

to work in a field 2 by'men. I was never very good at telling those stories because

3 I never found them interesting. 4 I do find interesting is the origin of the

universe and the nature of black holes.

At !9, 5 I began studying astrophysics, it did not 6 me in the least to be the

only woman in the classroom. But while 7 my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor do-

ing space research, the 8 started to trouble me. My every achievement--jobs, research pa-

pers, 9 --was viewed through the lens of gender politics. 10 were my failures.

Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth 11 a sentence that would even-

tually become my reply 12 any and all of these: I don't talk about that anymore. It

13 me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn't want

to

14 with gender issues.

Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, some-

one asked me how many 15 the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot

imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they

will 16 their scientific research and a desire 17 children. And I don't dismiss

those concerns. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily preg-

nant doing physics experiments. And 18 they have given me the image of 45 women

19 by a love of science. And that's a sight 20 talking about.

I. A. continually B. continuously C. constantly D. unceasingly

2. A. dominated B. commanded C. dictated D. prevailed

3. A. factually B. intentionally C. basically D. truthfully

4. A. But B. Whether C. What D. Though

5. A. as B. when C. since D. after

6. A. stress B. molest C. interfere D. bother

7. A. earning B. learning C. studying D. rewarding

8. A. question B. subject C. issue D. dispute

9. A. rewards B. awards C. prizes D. cups

10. A. As a. Same C. Both D. So

11. A. went B. came C. said D. spoke

12. A. tO B. for C. at D. in

13. A. spent B. took C. cost D. consumed

14. A. handle with B. deal with C. meet with D. settle with

15. A. in B. within C. among D. of

16. A. make B. handle C. ensure D. manage

17. A. for B. at C. to D. in

18. A. in contrast B. in comparison C. in turn D. in return

19. A. educated B. admired C. devoted D. driven

20. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worthy of

Ex 4

What do you look for in a potential date? Sincerity? Good looks? Character? Conversational

ability? Asked to 1 such qualities, most people put physical attractiveness near the

2 of the list. Of course. Intelligent people are not greatly concerned 3 such

superficial qualities as good 4 ; they know that "beauty is only skin 5 ." At least

they know that's how they 6 feel.

This intuition 7 looks matter little may be another example of our 8

real influences upon us, for there are many research studies 9 that appearance greatly

determines initial attraction.

Some researchers have matched students 10 blind dates to see what qualities led to

liking. Immediately after the dating, and again three months later, the students 11 their

dates and speculated about - 12 they felt as they did. Men more than women 13

their date's physical attractiveness was important. But, 14 the date's physical

attractiveness actually predicted the women's attraction 15 their dates more than men.

In another study, Elaine Hatfield 16 752 university freshmen for a dance party.

For each person, the researchers secured a variety of 17 and aptitude (能力) test scores,

but then actually matched the couples 18 . The couples evaluated their dates after the

party. How well did the personality and aptitude tests predict attraction? Not well at all. 19

the researchers could see, only one thing 20 : how physically attractive the person was.

The more attractive a woman, the more he liked her and wanted to date her again.

1. A. list B. select C. rank D. arrange

2. A. top B. middle C. bottom D. front

3. A. to B. at C. in D. with

4. A. look B. looks C. looking D. lookings

5. A. deep B. thick C. shallow D. thin

6. A. have to B. ought to C. must D. should

7. A. as B. what C. which D that '

8. A. accepting B. admitting C. refusing D. denying

9. A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated

10. A. to B. on C. at D. in

11. A. evaluated B. predicted C. contacted D. communicated

12. A. what B. how C. why D. that

13. A. believed B. suspected C. confirmed D. argued

14. A. to the contrary B. in addition C. in spite of that D. similarly

15. A. at B. in C. with D. to

16. A. recruited B. enrolled C. matched D. dated

17. A. personality B. appearance C. achievements D. individuality

18. A. interactively B. randomly C. precisely D. systematically

19. A. As long as B. So much so that C. To the extent that D. So far as

20. A. predicted B. mattered C. valued D. determined

Ex 5

Does happiness favor those of a 1 age, sex, or income level? Does happiness come

with satisfying close 2 ?

Social scientists have exploded some 3 about who's happy and who's not by

identifying predictors of happiness and life satisfaction.

Many people believe there are unhappy times of life---typically the 4 filled teen

years, the "mid-life crisis" years, or the 5 years' of old age. But interviews with people

of all ages reveal that 6 time of life is notably, happier or unhappier. 7 do

change with age: Satisfaction with social relations and health becomes more important in 8

life. And teens, 9 adults, typically rebound 10 either gloom or joy within an

hour's time. Yet knowing someone's age gives no 11 to the person's lasting sense of

well-being.

Does happiness have a 12 sex? Are men happier because of their greater incomes

and social 13 ? Are women happier because of their supposedly greater capacity 14

intimacy and social connection? Like age, gender gives no clue to subjective well-being. There are

gender 15 in misery: When troubled, men more often become alcoholic, while women

more often think deeply and get 16 . Yet men and women are equally likely to declare

themselves "very happy" and "satisfied" with life. This conclusion is 17 in scores of

studies around the world.

Living standards have soared during the twentieth century and are expected to continue

18 in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we humans can look forward 19

increasing happiness? Not necessarily. Steady improvements in the economy are not 20 by a

steady increase in people's assessments of their own happiness.

1. A. special B. specific C. peculiar D. particular

2. A. connections B. friendship C. relations D. relationships

3. A. stories B. myths C. legends D. rumors

4. A. stress B. pressure C. strain D. tension

5. A. reducing B. declining C. degenerating D. deteriorating

6. A. all B. one C. either D. no

7. A. Sentiments B. Emotions C. Passions D. Moods

8. A. earlier B. later C. former D. latter

9. A. like B. unlike C. with D. as

10. A. from B. around C. between D. within

11. A. hint B. truth C. fact D. clue

12. A. favorable B. favorite C. preferable D. popular

13. A. capacity B. scope C. strength D. power

14. A. in B. at C. for D. with

15. A. gaps B. distances C. interval D. disagreement

16. A. depress B. depressing C. depressed D. depression

17. A. based B. proven C. found D. grounded

18. A. to rise B. rising C. to raise D. raising

19. A. in B. at C. on D. to

20. A. driven B. dominated C. accompanied D. determined

Ex 6

In study after study, four Waits are 1 of happy people. First, happy people, especially

in 2 Western cultures, like themselves. On self-esteem tests, they agree with statements

such as "I'm a lot of fun to be with" and "I have good ideas". 3 we might expect of people

who are usually happy, they report that they have positive self-esteem. Indeed, they usually have a

good 4 of themselves: They believe themselves to be more ethical, more intelligent,

5 prejudiced, better able to get along with others, and healthier than the 6 person.

Second, happy people typically feel 7 control. Feeling empowered rather than

helpless, they also do better in school, 8 more at work, and cope better with stress.

9 control over one's life--a phenomenon studied 10 prisoners, nursing-home

patients, etc. --people 11 lower morale (士气) and worse health. Severe poverty is

depressing if it destroys people's 12 of control over their life.

Third, happy people are usually optimistic. One could reason that pessimists, 13 low

expectations are so often 14 , would constantly be surprised by joy. "Blessed is 15

who expects nothing, for he shall never be disappointed," wrote poet Alexander Pope in a 1727

letter. 16 , positive-thinking optimists, those who agree that "when I 17

something new, I expect to succeed" tend to be more successful, healthier, and happier.

Fourth, happy people are extroverted. 18 we might expect that introverts live more

happily in the peacefulness of their less-stressed contemplative (思考的) lives, extroverts are

happier—whether living and working 19 or with others and whether living in 20

or metropolitan areas.

1. A. special

2. A. individual

3. A. Though

4. A. thinking

5. A. more

6. A. ordinary

7. A. private

8. A. succeed

9. A. Depriving

10. A. in

11. A. suffer

12. A. feeling

13. A. whom

14. A. extended

15. A. he

16. A. Nevertheless

17. A. accomplish

18. A. Because

19. A. singly

20. A. county

B. identical

B. individualized

B. As

B. idea

B. greater

B. normal

B. individual

B. acquire

B. Depriving of

B. with

B. suffering

B. sense

B. whose

B. surmounted

B. his

B. Moreover

B. undertake

B. Whenever

B. alone

B. urban

C. typical

C. individualistic

C. Since

C. evaluation

C. less

C. rest

C. personal

C. award

C. Deprived

C. on

C. suffered

C. emotion

C. what

C. exceeded

C. him

C. More or less

C. encounter

C. Although

C. lonely

C. rural

D. symbolic

D. individualism

D. While

D. opinion

D. worse

D. average

D. subjective

D. achieve

D. Deprived of

D. at

D. being suffered

D. act

D. that

D. transcended

D. one

D. Insofar

D. engage

D. Even if

D. solely

D. suburban