植物学形态术语

名词(中文)叶脉叶柄小叶柄羽片小羽片叶轴叶轴肋裂片凹缺托叶卷须齿脉细脉平卧的具翅茎的垫状的垫状的四棱的四棱的枝状的多枝的多枝的多小枝的拱垂的横卧的匍匐（生根）的根状茎的莲座状的多头的具节的裸茎的直枝的直生的粗枝的名词(英文)NervePetiolePetiolulePinna (pl. Pinnae)PinnuleRachisRhachisRibSegmentSinusStipuleTendrilToothVeinVeinletProstratePterocaulousPulvinatePulviniformQuadrangularQuadrangulateRamiformRamoseRamousRamuloseRecliningRecumbentRepentRhizomatousRosulateMulticipitalNodiferousNudicaulOrthocladousOrthotropicPachycladous解释(中文)叶的明显而简单脉或肋。叶的柄。复叶中小叶的叶柄。羽状复叶的一回羽状小叶。见小叶的插图。二回或二回以上羽状复叶的末级羽片。复叶的主轴。复叶的主轴。叶片上主要的纵脉。叶的裂片。叶两裂片之间的缺裂、凹陷。某些叶柄基部成对的叶状附属物。柔弱并具缠绕性器官，用以支撑物攀缘生长。边缘上的小裂片或尖。维管束，通常外形可见，如叶中。小的脉。平铺在地面上。茎具翅。枕状或垫状。枕状或垫状。具四个棱角。具四个棱角。枝条状的；分枝的。具许多分枝的；分枝。具许多分枝的；分枝。具许多分枝的；分枝。向下弯曲，靠着某物并由其支撑。依靠或躺在地面；平卧的。平卧的；匍匐的。具根状茎。具有莲座状排列的叶，茎干极短或无。具有多个头，高度分枝的茎基。具节。无叶的茎。具直立的枝条。具有近似或表现出直立生长的习性。具粗壮枝条。

多头的平卧的角质层上胚轴表皮心材下胚轴节间节、关节叶痕皮孔分生组织节韧皮部髓皮刺边材中柱树干小枝鳞茎珠芽珠芽小鳞茎斜方形的圆形的箭头形的匙形的匙形的钻形的两侧相等的渐狭的耳形的心形的楔形的PluricipitalProcumbentCuticleEpicotylEpidermisHeartwoodHypocotylInternodeJointLeaf scarLenticelMeristemNodePhloemPithPrickleSapwoodSteleTrunkTwigBulbBulbelBulbilBulbletRhomboidalRotundSagittateSpathulateSpatulateSubulateAequilateralAttenuateAuriculateCordateCuneate具有多个头，高度分枝的茎基。茎沿地面上生长，但在节外不生根。茎表面的蜡质层。6子叶着生处以上的胚轴部分。茎上最外面的细胞层。木本茎干最内的颜色通常较深的木材。子叶着生处以下的胚轴部分。茎上两个节之间的部分。茎上着生叶或枝的部位；节，尤见于禾草本茎。叶脱落后留在枝上的痕迹。幼茎表面略隆起的、木栓化的、凸镜状的结构。苗端生长点未分化的具有活跃分裂能力的组织。茎上叶和枝的发生部位。维管植物传输营养物质的组织；某些茎和根中央的海绵状薄壁组织。表皮或树皮上小而尖的突起。木本茎中新产生的颜色通常较淡的木材，具有输导水分的功能；边材。茎的初生维管结构，包括维管组织和维管组织以内的所有组织。树的分枝以下的主茎。树上的小枝条。具有增厚肉质鳞片的地下芽，如洋葱。从鳞茎基部生出的小鳞茎。小的鳞茎。小的鳞茎。近菱形,侧面为钝角的四边形。轮廓呈圆形。形似箭头，基部裂片向下（对比hastate）。形似勺，先端圆形向基部变细。形似勺，先端圆形向基部变细。形状如锥。两边相等，相对于偏斜的。向基部逐渐变窄。具有耳状的附属物。心形，基部内凹。形状如楔，三角锥形且基部渐尖。

耳形的戟形的戟形的不等侧的偏斜的圆形的箭头形的截形的突然的渐尖的急尖的具细尖的具芒的具小芒的尾状的卷须状的有卷须的骤尖的微缺的被丛卷毛的被短丛卷毛的具沟的具孔穴的①有小孔穴的②蜂窝状的具流苏的软鳞片状的脱毛的变无毛的①光滑的②无毛的具腺的带白霜的有白霜的具倒刺的胶黏的具长硬毛的具微糙硬毛的具微糙硬毛的具微糙硬毛的具糙硬毛的EaredHalberd-shapedHastateInequilateralObliqueRoundedSagittateTruncateAbruptAcuminateAcuteApiculateAristateAristulateCaudateCirrhousCirroseCuspidateEmarginateFloccoseFlocculentFlutedFoveateFoveolateFringedFurfuraceousGlabrateGlabrescentGlabrousGlandularGlaucescentGlaucousGlochidiateGlutinousHirsuteHirsutulousHirtellateHirtellousHispid具有耳状的附属物。形似箭头，基部裂片向外而非向下；戟形（对比sagittate）。形似箭头，基部裂片向外而非向下；戟形（对比sagittate）。具不相等的边，斜的。具不相等的边，斜的。基部圆形。形似箭头，基部裂片向下（对应hastate）。基部方形，刀切状。骤然终止。叶顶尖锐，叶尖两侧叶缘内凹。叶顶尖锐，叶尖两侧叶缘近直。叶先端骤然终止于细尖。顶尖具芒或刚毛。顶尖具芒或刚毛。具有尾状的附属物。具有卷须。具有卷须。先端短而急尖（尖突）。先端略内凹。具有成丛的长软而缠结的毛。具有成丛的细小绵状毛；被丛卷毛的。具沟或槽的。具孔穴；具凹坑的。具小穴；具小凹坑。沿边缘具毛或刚毛。皮屑状的；糠秕状的；薄片状的。变光滑，几近无毛的。变光滑，几近无毛的。光滑的；无毛的。具有腺体。微具白霜；呈苍白色。被覆白色或兰色的腊质粉霜层，如李子的表面。顶端具倒刺。胶质的；粘性的；被覆粘的分泌物。具有粗糙而坚硬的毛。具有非常小的粗糙而坚硬的毛。具有非常小的粗糙而坚硬的毛。具有非常小的粗糙而坚硬的毛。粗糙具坚硬的毛。

具短硬毛的具灰白毛的被细绢毛的被灰白毛的无刺的条裂的浅裂的具小裂片的多裂的掌状的具微刺的具刺的具鳞片的具小鳞片的星状的短尖的具小短尖的钝的倒心形的钝的齿蚀状锐尖的 辛辣的微凹的圆形的亚尖的，近尖的截形的偶数羽状的两叶的二回羽状的二回三出的复叶多回复叶偶数羽状的具小叶的奇数羽状的参差羽状的HispidulousHoaryHolosericeousIncanousInermousLaciniateLobedLobulateMultifidPalmateSpinuloseSpinySquamateSquamuloseStellateMucronateMucronulateMuticousObcordateObtusePraemorsePungentRetuseRoundedSubacuteTruncateAbruptly pinnateBifoliateBipinnateBiternateCompound leafDecompoundEven-pinnateFoliolateImparipinnateInterruptedly pinnate细小的硬毛。具灰色或白色的短细毛。被覆细的丝状毛。具发白的柔毛。无皮刺或棘。裂成窄的不规则的圆裂片或条裂片。裂片分裂不及基部或中脉的一半。具有小裂片。半裂成许多狭窄的条裂片或圆裂片。自同一点上如手掌状分出。具微刺。具刺。被覆鳞片。具小的鳞片。星形的，如从基部辐射状分出多枝的毛。先端短而急尖（短尖头）。先端具极小短尖头。钝，没有叶尖或刺。先端具深缺刻。先端钝圆；顶角大于90度。骤然终止，如同被咬断的。先端坚硬；气味或味道强烈刺激。圆或钝的先端具浅缺刻。先端圆形。接近圆形。先端方形，刀切状。顶端不具奇数小叶的羽状复叶。具有两片叶或小叶。二回复叶，二回羽裂。二回三出分裂。具两枚或两枚以上小叶的叶。一回以上的复叶，小叶多级。顶生一对小叶或卷须而非单枚顶生小叶的羽状复叶，因而小叶数为偶数。具小叶或与小叶相关的；如具两枚小叶或三枚小叶。奇数羽状复叶，不等的羽状裂。大小不同的小叶混合排列成的复叶。

奇数羽状的掌状的羽状的单叶的卷须羽状复叶三出的具三叶的具三叶的三回羽状的三回三出的奇数羽状的具一小叶的叶（蕨类，棕榈，苏铁类）联生叶的具异形叶的具异色边的大型叶凋存的具边的基生叶茂盛的具托叶的肉质多汁的脉序具皮刺的被小刺的，稍具皮刺的蜂窝状的蜂窝状的有孔的具蛛丝状毛的银灰色的具刺的粗糙的具短硬毛的，具倒刺毛的Odd-pinnatePalmatePinnateSimpleTendril-pinnateTernateTrifoliateTrifoliolateTripinnateTriternateUnequally pinnateUnifoliateFrondGamophyllousHeterophyllousLimbateMacrophyllMarcescentMarginatePhyllopodicStipulateSucculentVenationAculeateAculeolateAlveolarAlveolateAperturateArachnoidArgenteousArmedAsperousBarbellate顶生单枚小叶而非一对小叶或卷须的羽状复叶，因而小叶数为奇数。自同一点上如手掌状分出的。小叶沿长轴两侧相对排列的复叶。完整的，如叶片不分成小叶（但叶片可能深裂或具缺刻）羽状复叶，但顶端为卷须，如香豌豆。以三的数目，如具三枚小叶的复叶。具三叶或三小叶具三叶或三小叶具羽状小羽片的三回羽状复叶。三回三出顶生单枚小叶而非一对小叶或卷须的羽状复叶，因而小叶数为奇数。理论上是复叶，实际为单个小叶，看似一枚单叶的叶子，如紫荆。大而分裂的叶；真蕨或棕榈叶。叶联生，通常在叶缘相联。同一植物上具有不同类型的叶子。具边的，如叶或花中一种颜色形成的边围绕着不同颜色的其它部分。高等维管植物中相对大而伸展的叶。凋而不落，如某些花的萼片和花瓣或某些植物基部的叶片。具有明显的边缘。最基部的叶发育良好，不退化为鳞片。具有托叶。多汁且肉质，如芦荟属的叶片。叶脉的式样。具皮刺的；被覆皮刺。具小皮刺的；被覆着小皮刺。蜂窝状，窝孔被薄的脊状隔壁分隔。蜂窝状，窝孔被薄的脊状隔壁分隔。具一个或多个开口或孔。在花粉粒中，这些孔可能仅仅是薄的区域，而不是真正的穿孔。具有长的、蛛网似的、缠结在一起的毛。具银色光泽的。具棘、刺、倒钩或皮刺。手感粗糙。具短而硬的毛或倒刺毛。

具小短硬毛的，具小倒刺毛的具小叶柄的无柄的具鞘的互生的基生的两侧的茎生的交互对生的右旋的二列的套折的对生的成列的莲座丛莲座状的左旋的轮生的轮生的拳卷的具卷须的摺叠的对折的脱落的无托叶的常绿的无托叶的针状的锥形的心形的正三角形的具长柔毛的BarbellulatePetiolulateSessileSheathingAlternateBasalBilateralCaulineDecussateDextrorseDistichousEquitantOppositeRankedRosetteRosulateSinistrorseVerticillateWhorledCircinateCirrhiferousComplicateConduplicateDeciduousEstipulateEvergreenExstipulateAceroseAwl-shapedCordateDeltoidVillose具非常小的短硬毛或倒刺毛。小叶具柄。直接着生，无梗柄、如无柄的叶子。形成鞘，如禾草叶基部形成包裹着围茎的鞘。每个节上着生一个，如茎上着生的叶。位于或从基部发出，如叶从茎的基部发出。排列在两边，如茎上着生的叶。叶从茎的地上部分发出。在茎上成对排列，相邻各对之间彼此呈直角。向右转或向右螺旋排列，如叶片在一些基干上的排列方式。在轴的相对两侧呈垂直的行或列排列。两列间彼此交叠，如鸢尾属的叶。在同一节的相对两侧着生，如茎的一个节上着生两片叶子。排列成竖行。叶子通常密集呈辐射状排列在地面或近地面上。基生莲座状排列，茎干极短或无。向左转或向左螺旋排列，如某些茎上着生的叶。成轮排列；轮生。各部分成轮排列，如同在一节上发出3片或更多叶子，等同轮生的（verticillate）。从顶端向下卷曲，如真蕨的幼叶。具有卷须。折叠在一起。上表面沿长轴折叠在一起，如许多禾草叶。凋落，如叶从树上脱落；非常绿的；不宿存。没有托叶。在冬季也具绿色的叶子；非落叶的。没有托叶。针形，如松或云杉的叶。短的，窄三角形的，锐尖如锥。心形，基部内凹。如希腊字母“Δ”形，形似等边三角形。具蓬松的非垫状长软毛。

微柔毛的具长柔毛的黏的微黏的具绵状毛的苞片小苞片小苞片壳斗花盘副萼小花花小总苞总苞总苞花托轮生辐射对称辐射对称不整齐的两侧对称反常整齐的整齐的立体对称的VillosulousVillousViscidViscidulousWoollyBractBracteoleBractletCupuleDiskEpicalyxFloretFlowerInvolucelInvolucreInvolucrum (cra)Torus (pl. tori)WhorlActinomorphicActinomorphousIrregularMonosymmetricalPeloriaRegularStereomorphic小柔毛。具蓬松的非垫状长软毛。黏性的或胶性的。稍黏。具缠结的长软毛；绵状毛的。在花或花序基部的退化的叶或叶状结构。着生于花序梗上的小的苞片。着生于花序梗上的小的苞片。槲果杯状总苞菊科具总苞的的头状花序上着生管状花或心花的中央部分。与外轮花萼相似的总苞，如锦葵属。小的花；密集花簇中的单个花，如禾草小穗中的一朵花，或者菊科头状花序中的一朵花。植物的生殖部分，具雄蕊或雌蕊，或二者兼备，通常还包括由萼片或者由萼片和花瓣组成的花被。小型的总苞；二级总苞，如伞形科二级伞形花序的苞片。包被花或花簇的一轮苞片。包被花或花簇的一轮苞片。着生花部器官的花梗部分；在菊科中指着生头状花序花的花序梗部分。自同一点或节上长出的相似部分的环状排列形式；环生。辐射状对称，通过结构中央的任一平面都能将其分成互为镜像的两部分。辐射状对称，通过结构中央的任一平面都能将其分成互为镜像的两部分。两侧对称；指花各部分的大小及其在花托上的排列方式均不相似。两侧对称。两侧对称花中异常的辐射对称类型。辐射对称；花各部分的大小及其在花托上的排列方式均相似。辐射对称，通过结构中央的任一平面都能将其分成互为镜像的两部分；基本等同辐射对称（actinomorphic）。

左右对称左右对称的上位的下位的树干块茎具鳞根出条小枝藤本植物无茎的上升的上升的具翅的二棱的具棱的基生叶退化的无叶的上升的半灌木的具根出条的地表的四棱的蔓生的三棱的三棱的三棱的丛生的缠绕的无刺的单轴的ZygomorphicZygomorphousEpigynousHypogynousTrunkTuberTurionTwigVineAcaulescentAdscendentAdsurgentAlateAncipitalAngulateAphyllopodicAphyllousAscendentSuffruticuloseSurculoseSurficialTetragonalTrailingTriangulateTrigonalTrigonousTuftedTwiningUnarmedUniaxial两侧对称，仅在，通过结构中央仅有一个平面能将其分成互为镜像的两部分。两侧对称，仅在，通过结构中央仅有一个平面能将其分成互为镜像的两部分。雄蕊、瓣片和萼片着生于子房上部，子房位置低于其他花部。雄蕊、瓣片和萼片着生于子房下部，子房位置高于其他花部。树的分枝以下的主茎。节和芽的地下茎的增粗部分；特化为储藏营养的地下茎。常能越冬的小枝条，如柳叶菜属（epilobium）的某些种。树上的小枝条。具茎但不能靠自我支撑，而需要攀缘在其它支持物上生长的植物。无茎或茎太短使得叶全为基生，如蒲公英。注意花序梗与茎的区别。见上升的。斜向上生长，常有弯曲。见上升的。斜向上生长，常有弯曲。有翅的。具两棱的，如唐菖蒲属（sisyrinchium）的具翅茎。茎具有双翼。有角的。最下部的叶退化成小的鳞片。没有叶。见上升的。斜向上生长，常有弯曲。轻度木质化。从基部或根状茎上长出根出条或纤匐茎。在近地面或地面上蔓生的。有四个棱角。平卧匍匐生长，但不生根。三个棱角的。三个棱角的。有三个棱。密集成簇排列。围绕一个支撑物（如另一个茎）螺旋状盘绕支持物（常为其它茎）攀援生长。无刺，皮刺或棘刺。单一不分枝的茎终止于花。

柔韧枝的帚状的具翅的叶尖椭圆形的椭圆形的剑形的镰刀形的扇形的扇形的剑形的戟形的戟形的披针形的①线形的②条形的大头羽裂的倒心形的倒三角形的倒椭圆形倒披针形长圆形的倒卵形的圆形的圆形的卵圆形的卵形的提琴形的提琴形的盾形的茎穿叶的方形的肾形的VimineousVirgateWingedApexEllipticEllipticalEnsiformFalcateFlabellateFlabelliformGladiateHalberd-shapedHastateLanceolateLinearLyrateObcordateObdeltoidObelliptic orobellipticalOblanceolateOblongObovateOrbicularOrbiculateOvalOvatePanduratePanduriformPeltatePerfoliateQuadrateReniform具有长而柔韧的小枝；由小枝组成；小枝状。棒状的；细直，直立。具有翅。尖端；距叶着生点最远的位点。椭圆或窄卵圆形；中部最宽，两端较窄。椭圆或窄卵圆形；中部最宽，两端较窄。形似剑，如鸢尾属（Iris）的叶。形似镰刀；钩状；鹰喙状。形状如扇。形状如扇。形状如剑。箭头形，基部裂片向外而非向下；戟形。箭头形，基部裂片向外而非向下；戟形。矛形，长远大于宽，最宽部位在中部之下。线状；长且窄，两边近平行。竖琴状、羽状的、顶端裂片大而圆、下部裂片甚小。倒置心形，叶连接点在窄的末端；有时指描述端部具有深缺刻的叶。三角形连接点在端点。几乎为椭圆形，但远轴端略大于近轴端。倒置披针形，连接点在窄的末端。两边近平行，长二至四倍于宽。倒置卵形，连接点在窄的末端。轮廓近圆形。轮廓近圆形。宽椭圆形，宽超过长的二分之一。轮廓卵形，基部宽（平面结构）。形似提琴。形似提琴。形似盾；叶柄着生在叶的下表面，而不在叶的基部或边缘。叶边缘完全包围茎，使茎看似由叶片中心穿过。正方形；矩形的。形似肾。

菱形的斜方形的具乳突的具小乳突的乳突状硬毛的纸质的透明的具孔的具柔毛的具小柔毛的具小柔毛的具洼点的铅色的具粉霜的具粉霜的被微柔毛的具条纹的具短糙伏毛的具糙伏毛的具短糙伏毛的瘤状的具槽的具方格斑纹的被短绒毛的被绒毛的被微绒毛的半透明的无刺的具钩的刺人的被短绒毛的疣状的茎基皮层根茎、树冠上升的上升的丛生的具茎的RhombicRhomboidPapillatePapillosePapillose-hispidPapyraceousPellucidPerforatePilosePilosulosePilosulousPittedPlumbeousPruinatePruinosePuberulentStriateStrigilloseStrigoseStriguloseStrumoseSulcateTesselateTomentellousTomentoseTomentuloseTranslucentUnarmedUncinateUrentVelutinousVerrucoseCaudex (pl. Caudices,caudexes)CortexCrownAscendingAssurgentCaespitoseCaulescent形似钻石。近菱形,侧面为钝角的四边形。具乳突。具小的乳突。具膨大、乳突状基部的硬毛。质地通常似纸。透明或半透明。具孔或穿孔。具长、软、直的毛。具小的长、软、直的毛。具小的长、软、直的毛。具小孔穴或凹陷。铅色。表面被蜡质的白粉；明显具粉，如梅干明显具白霜。表面被蜡质的白粉；明显具粉，如梅干明显具白霜。具细小的绒毛；具细小短毛。具有细的通常是平行的线条或沟。具小的毛。具直而坚硬的毡状毛。具小的毛。具垫状隆起的盖层；泡状的。具纵向的沟或槽。具有棋盘格状的式样。稍具绒毛。被覆短垫状或缠结的软绵状毛；具绒毛。稍具绒毛。几乎透明。无皮刺或棘。顶端具钩。蛰人的。被茸毛的；被覆散生的、柔软的短毛。有疣的；被覆疣状突起。多年生草本植物宿存的木质化的基部。树皮；位于根表皮和中柱之间的组织。多年生草本植物宿存的基部，茎基。图1484。树的顶部。见上升的。斜向上生长，常有弯曲。见上升的。斜向上生长，常有弯曲。密集呈族生长。在地上具有明显多叶的茎。

茎生花的茎生的丛生的攀援的攀援的匍匐的外顷的歧散的二歧的极叉开的分叉的不分枝的直立的扁化的束状的帚状的肉质的近灌木状的灌木状的小灌木状的草本的具关节的具长枝的被微柔毛的被短柔毛的粉状的具点的具小点的疱状突起的疱状突起的疱状突起的疱状突起的具小鳞片的露湿状的有皱的微皱的嚼烂状的CauliflorousCaulineCespitoseClamberingClimbingCreepingDecumbentDeliquescentDichotomousDivaricateDivergentEramousErectFasciatedFasciculateFastigiateFleshyFrutescentFruticoseFruticuloseHerbaceousJointedMacrocladousPuberulousPubescentPulverulentPunctatePuncticulatePustularPustulatePustuliferousPustuloseRamentaceousRoridulateRugateRuguloseRuminate茎上或树干上生花。茎的、茎上的或与茎相关的。密集呈族生长。松散地沿其他植物或周围物体攀援生长。依靠或缠绕其他支撑物多少直立生长。 沿地表或近靠地面生长，通常在节处生根。匐于地面生长，但端部向上。无规则的分枝形式，从底部到顶部无固定的中心轴。具多少相等的两个分枝或分叉。宽角度地分叉或展开分叉或展开。茎不分枝。垂直的，不倾斜或不展开压成束状或带状；紧密地生长在一起；茎畸形扁化，好象几个分离的茎融合。成束排列。成簇的、平行且直立，外形扫帚状。厚而多肉，多汁的。灌木状的或似灌木状的。灌木状的或似灌木状的。稍灌木状，小灌木状。非木本。具有节或关节，如仙人掌（Opunitia）属的茎。具有长枝。具细小的绒毛；具细小短毛。被覆短而软的毛；被毛。呈粉末状或粉状。由凹陷或半透明下陷的腺体或色斑形成斑点。小的斑点。通常在毛的基部小的疱疹状突起。通常在毛的基部小的疱疹状突起。通常在毛的基部小的疱疹状突起。通常在毛的基部小的疱疹状突起。具有扁平的、鳞片状的突起，如某些真蕨茎和叶的表皮。被覆看似湿润的蜡质小板状覆盖层。起皱。稍起皱。粗糙地褶皱，好象被嚼烂过似的。

微糙的微糙的微糙的微糙的粗糙的微糙的粗糙的具鳞屑的被绢毛的具刚毛的具小刚毛的绢状的平滑的具刺的具刺的具刺的周位的风媒的开花受精的闭花受精的雌雄蕊异熟的雌雄异熟的虫媒的同株异花受精的雌雄同熟的闭花受精的雌花先熟的鸟媒的异花传粉ScaberulentScaberuloseScaberulousScabrellateScabridScabridulousScabrousScurfySericeousSetoseSetuloseSilkySmoothSpiniferousSpinoseSpinousPerigynousAnemophilousChasmogamousCleistogamousDichogamicDichogamousEntomophilousGeitonogamousHomogamousKleistogamousMetandrousOrnithophilousOutcrossing由于表皮细胞的结构或存在短刚毛，手感稍糙。由于表皮细胞的结构或存在短刚毛，手感稍糙。由于表皮细胞的结构或存在短刚毛，手感稍糙。由于表皮细胞的结构或存在短刚毛，手感稍糙。粗糙。微粗糙。由于表皮细胞的结构或短刚毛，手感稍糙。被覆小的糠秕状的鳞片。丝质的，具毡状细软的长毛。被覆刚毛。被覆小的刚毛。外观或质地丝状；被绢毛。表面平；手感不糙。具刺。具刺。具刺。雄蕊、瓣片和萼片着生于花萼筒上（托杯），花萼筒环绕、但并不真正接触上位子房。靠风传粉；产生风媒性花粉。常指异花传粉的花在受精前开放。指在未开放时进行自花受精的花。（对比开花受精的）。雌蕊和雄蕊在不同时间成熟以避免自花受精。（对比雌雄同熟）。雌蕊和雄蕊在不同时间成熟以避免自花受精。（对比雌雄同熟）。靠昆虫传粉。同一植株的花相互传粉。雌蕊和雄蕊同时成熟以便自花受精。（对比雌雄异熟）。指在未开放时进行自花受精的花。（对比开花受精的）。雌花先于雄花成熟；雌先熟的。靠鸟传粉。一个植株花药的花粉传送到另一植株花的柱头上。

雄蕊先熟雄蕊先熟的雌蕊先熟的雌蕊先熟的自花传粉雄全异株，雄花两性花异株雄全同株，雄花两性花同株雄全同株，雄花两性花同株两性的雌雄异花的雌雄异株的雌雄异株的雌雄异株的雌全异株的，雌花两性花异株两性的具两类花的不完全的雌雄同株的雌雄蕊同花的雌雄同株的完全的雌蕊的杂性异株的杂性同株的杂性的雄蕊花单全异株，单性花完全花异株ProtandrousProterandrousProterogynousProtogynousSelf-pollinatingAndro-dioeciousAndro-monoeciousAndro-polygamousBisexualDiclinousDioeciousDioicousDieciousGyno-dioeciousHermaphroditicHeterogamousImperfectMoneciousMonoclinousMonoeciousPerfectPistillatePolygamo-dioeciousPolygamo-monoeciousPolygamousStaminateTriecious在柱头可以受粉前花药释放花粉。在柱头可以受粉前花药释放花粉。柱头在花药释放花粉前即可受粉。柱头在花药释放花粉前即可受粉。花药中的花粉传送到同一朵花的柱头上或同一植株其他花的柱头上。雄花和完全花分别在不同的植株上。雄花和完全花在同一植株上。雄花和完全花在同一植株上。同一朵花内具有雄性和雌性生殖器官（雄蕊和雌蕊）。（等同完全的）雄蕊和雌蕊位于不同的花中；不完全的。具不完全花，生于雄花和雌花分别在不同的植株上。（对比雌雄同株的）。具不完全花，生于雄花和雌花分别在不同的植株上。（对比雌雄同株的）。具不完全花，生于雄花和雌花分别在不同的植株上。（对比雌雄同株的）。雌花和完全花分别在不同的植株上。在一朵花内具雄蕊和雌蕊；两性的；雌雄蕊同花的；完全的。具有不同性别的花。一朵花内仅具有雄蕊或雌蕊；单性的。不完全花，即雄花和雌花长在同一个植株上。（对比雌雄异株）。一朵花内具雄蕊和雌蕊；完全的。不完全花，即雄花和雌花长在同一个植株上。（对比雌雄异株）。同一朵花内具有雄性和雌性生殖器官（雄蕊和雌蕊）；两性的。具有一个或多个雌蕊，但无雄蕊。（对比雄蕊的）。以雌雄异株为主，夹杂完全花。以雌雄同株为主，杂完全花。单性花和两性花在同一植株上。具有雄蕊，但不具雌蕊，如不产生果实和种子的雄花。（对比雌蕊的）雄花、雌花和两性花生于不同的植株上。

单全异株，单性花完全花异株单性的昼开性的定时开花的冬季开花的托叶鞘花梗花序梗雌器苞总苞片小穗轴花序轴伞辐花葶副花梗佛焰苞总苞片柔荑花序小头花状序柔荑花序异基数的六基数的不完全的等基数的单轮的单基数的五轮的五基数的多轮的多基数的TrioeciousUnisexualDiurnalEquinoctialHibernalOcreola (pl. ocreolae)PedicelPedunclePerigynium (nia)PhyllaryRachillaRachisRayScapeSecondary peduncleSpatheTeguleAmentCapitulumCatkinHeteromerousHexamerousIncompleteIsomerousMonocyclicMonomerousPentacyclicPentamerousPolycyclicPolymerous雄花、雌花和两性花生于不同的植株上。一朵花内仅具雄性或雌性生殖部分。在白天发生或开放。有规律地在一天中的特定时间开放。在冬季开放。某些蓼科植物中，围绕花序次级分枝的托叶状小鞘。花序中单朵花的柄，或禾草小穗的柄。单生花或整个花序的柄。苔草属中,包被雌蕊的鳞片状苞片。菊科总苞的苞片。禾草或莎草小穗的轴；小轴。花序的主轴。伞形花序的花序分枝。无茎植物从地表（通常自基生莲座）抽出的无叶花序梗。花序分枝。侧展并半包围或全包花个的一片或一对大苞片。菊科总苞的一枚苞片。由无被单性花组成的密集的穗状或总状花序，如杨柳科和桦木科。小的头状花序。由无被单性花组成的密集的穗状或总状花序，如杨柳科和桦木科。各花部组成数目有变化，如一朵花各轮的数目彼此不同。以六的倍数成组排列。缺少某个或多个花部结构，如一朵花缺少一轮花部结构（萼片、花瓣、雄蕊或雌蕊）。各花部组成数目相等，如一朵花各轮的数目彼此相等。仅具一轮。仅具一个组分，如花轮仅具一枚。具五轮。以为五的倍数成组排列。具多轮。具多个组成部分，如花轮中具有多个组分。

相等的四基数的三基数的翼瓣前唇瓣旗瓣瓣片鳞桥瓣距萼檐萼裂片萼齿萼筒①龙骨瓣②龙骨状突起瓣爪花冠裂片花冠筒副花冠鸡冠状突起副花冠蝎尾状聚伞花序伞房花序杯状聚伞花序聚伞花序小聚伞花序二歧聚伞花序团伞花序头状花序螺卷聚伞花序隐头花序Symmetric花部各轮数目相同。Tetramerous以四的倍数成组排列。Trimerous以三的倍数成组排列。Ala (pl. alae)蝶形花冠的两侧花瓣。Anterior lip or lobe唇形花冠的下方唇瓣。Banner蝶形花冠的上方通常最大的花瓣，如豌豆和香豌豆。Blade花瓣宽展的部分Bridge连接花冠鳞片的带状结构组织，如菟丝子属（Cuscuta）。Calcar距或距状附属物。Calyx limb合生萼片的分离部分。Calyx lobe合生萼片的分离部分。Calyx tooth合生萼片的分离部分。Calyx tube合生萼的筒状联合部分。Carina龙骨状突起或脊。Claw某些花瓣或萼片变窄的基部。Corolla lobe合生花冠的分离部分。Corolla tube合生花瓣的柱状、中空部分。Corona某些花中，花瓣和雄蕊之间的瓣状或冠状结构。Crest隆起的脊或肋状凸起。Crown某些花中，花瓣和雄蕊之间的瓣状或冠状结构。Cincinnus密集的螺旋状聚伞花序，花梗在花序发育一侧渐短。Corymb顶部平或圆的花序，总状，但下部花梗长于上部花梗。Cyathium (pl. caythia)大戟属由杯状总苞组成的花序总苞中包含一枚雌蕊雌花和多朵单雄蕊雄花。Cyme顶部平或圆的有限花序，圆锥状，顶端花先开放。Cymule小的聚伞花序或复合聚伞花序的一小部分。Dichasium每个花分为两条相对或近相对的侧轴的聚伞花序。Glomerule密集的花簇；头状密集的聚伞花序。Head无柄或近无柄的花密集成簇而成的花序；菊科的具总苞花序。Helicoid cyme一侧发育而卷曲如螺旋的聚伞花序。Hypanthodium由着生于头状花序壁上的花组成的花序，如榕属的花序。

居间花序混合花序单歧聚伞花序圆锥花序多歧聚伞花序多头聚伞花序晨开性的夜开性的夜间开花的夜开的先有花的先有花的四季开花的迟季开花的春季开花的暮开性的不同数的完全的二轮列的二基数的盔瓣副萼下垂萼片花被管冠筒鳞片流苏盔瓣隆凸盔瓣兜状瓣角状突起龙骨瓣唇瓣IntercalaryinflorescenceMixed inflorescenceMonochasiumPaniclePleiochasiumPolychasiumMatutinalNocturnalNyctanthousNyctigamousPrecociousProteranthousSemperflorousSerotinousVernalVespertineAnisomerousCompleteDicyclicDimerousCucullusEpicalyxFallsFloral tubeFornix (pl. fornices)FringedGaleaGibbosityHelmetHoodHornKeelLabellum花形成以后营养主轴依然延长的花序。具有总状部分和聚伞状部分的花序。具有单一主轴的聚伞花序类型。花自基部向上依次成熟、具分支的总状花序。从主轴分出两个以上分支的聚伞状花序。每个轴具两个以上侧轴的聚伞花序。在早晨开放。在夜间开放。夜间开花。在夜间开放。花发育早于叶。花发育早于叶。整年都开花。晚开花；花在叶充分发育后开放。在春季开花。在傍晚开放。花部中不成轮部分的数目不同于（通常少于）成轮部分的数目，如一朵花具有五枚萼片和花瓣，却只有两枚雄蕊。花部齐全，如一朵花具有萼片、花瓣、雄蕊和雌蕊。具两轮。以二的倍数成组排列。兜状瓣。类似外层花萼的总苞，如锦葵属。鸢尾属的花瓣。花被筒状伸长的部分。花冠喉部着生的多个小突隆起或鳞片，如紫草科（Boraginaceae）。沿边缘的毛或刚毛。两个唇瓣的花冠盔状或兜状的上唇瓣。囊状膨大或隆起；隆起状态．拱曲中空的被片，如乌头属的上方花瓣。拱曲中空的被片，如乌头属的上方花瓣。像牛角一样渐尖的突起。蝶形花下部的两枚基部联合的花瓣。唇；兰花特化的花瓣。

下唇瓣副花冠裂片片腺瓣舌瓣冠檐唇浆片口喉凸冠毛花瓣褶后唇瓣边花囊鳞片龙骨状的唇形的舌状的舌状的具浆片的蝶形的假面状的折扇状的前伸的反折的开口的辐状的囊状的高脚碟状的Labium (pl. labia)Lamella (pl. lamellae)LaminaLepanthiumLigulaLimbLipLodiculeOrificePalatePappusPetalPlaitPosteriorRaySacScaleKeeledLabiateLigulateLiguliformPaleolatePapilionaceousPersonatePlicatePorrectReflexedRingentRotateSaccateSalverform唇形花冠的下唇。着生在某些花冠的花瓣上并参与副花冠形成的直立的鳞片。叶或花瓣的宽展部分。具腺体的花瓣。菊科放射状花冠的扁平部分。花瓣的开张部分或瓣片，图 1762；合瓣花冠的开张部分，图 1778。不规则二唇形花冠或花萼的突起或裂片；下唇瓣，图 1776；兰花特化的花瓣。图 1775。禾草花子房基部成对的、未发育的鳞片开口如管状花冠的口状张开。花冠下唇上隆起的部分或完全堵塞的附属物。菊科的变态花萼，由着生于瘦果顶部的芒、鳞片或刚毛组成。花冠的单个裂片或组分，通常有色或白色。叠或褶如某些花冠。二唇形花冠的上唇。菊科舌状花的舌形部分（或舌状花本身）。袋状结构。任何薄而扁平的膜质结构。具脊，像船的龙骨。唇状；排列成唇形或呈唇形的。舌形。舌形。具浆片。像蝴蝶，如豌豆的不整齐花冠，具有一枚旗瓣、两枚翼瓣和两枚龙骨瓣。具二唇，喉部被显著的突起（喉凸）封闭。折或叠如折扇。向前延伸；类似鹦鹉的喙。向后或向下弯曲。张开的；如一些花冠中的宽张的唇瓣。盘形；平坦而圆，如合瓣花冠裂片平展，冠筒很短或无。具囊或呈囊形。冠筒细长，上部陡扁平张开。

具距的舌状的管状的坛状的坛状的一侧臌的具翅的雌雄蕊柄雄蕊柄花药药囊室①柱②蕊柱药隔花丝合蕊柱萼片凹缺距鳞片旗瓣花被片喉旗瓣翼瓣无花被的无花瓣的离瓣的离萼片的无花萼的具双瓣的副萼的Spurred具一枚或多枚距。Strap-shaped平而伸展。Tubular形状如管或圆柱。Urceolate像水罐；中空、口部缢缩如水罐或瓮。Urn-shaped像水罐；中空、口部缢缩如水罐或瓮。Ventricose仅在一侧膨大或鼓起，如某些花冠，尤其钓钟柳属。Winged具有翅。Androgynophore某些花中着生雄蕊和雌蕊的柄。Androphore着生一组雄蕊的柄。Anther雄蕊顶端产生花粉的膨大部位。Anther sac花粉中产生花药的小室。Cell结构内的空腔或小室，如容纳花粉的花药室。Column雄蕊花丝联合形成的结构。兰科植物中花丝和花柱的联合体。图1810。Connective雄蕊上连接花药两个花粉囊的部分。Filament雄蕊中支撑花药的柄。Gynandrium着生雄蕊和雌蕊的柱状结构。Sepal花萼的一个裂片。Sinus花瓣两裂片之间的裂缺、凹陷或缺口。Spur萼片或花瓣、花萼或花冠上的、细小的、囊状、中空的附属结构。Squama (pl. squamae)一种鳞片，如菊科冠毛的某些类型Standard蝶形花冠的上方通常最大的花瓣，如豌豆和香豌豆。Tepal无花萼和花冠之分的花被裂片。Throat合花冠或合生萼的开口，图 1792；冠筒与冠檐之间花冠的宽展部分。图 1793。Vexillum如蝶形花冠上方通常最大的花瓣豌豆和香豌豆；旗瓣。Wing蝶形花冠两侧的花瓣。Achlamydeous花被缺失。Apetalous花瓣缺失。Apopetalous花瓣分离。Aposepalous萼片分离。Asepalous萼片缺失。Bipetalous花瓣两枚。Calyculate具环绕花萼的小苞片，如同外层的花萼。

单被的离瓣的两被的两瓣的重瓣的无冠毛的合瓣的合萼的单被的合瓣的八瓣的八萼的具冠毛的具冠毛的具花瓣的具花瓣的离瓣的离萼的合瓣的合萼的四瓣的三瓣的单瓣的渐增的，花后膨大的具翅的膨大的二唇形的具距的鞋状的钟状的具龙骨状隆起的具小角状突起的具角状突起的冕形冠状的十字型的十字型的兜状的平展的漏斗状的盔状的盔状的浅囊状的膨大的ChlamydeousChoripetalousDichlamydeousDipetalousDoubleEpapposeGamopetalousGamosepalousMonochlamydeousMonopetalousOctopetalousOctosepalousPappiferousPapposePetaliferousPetalousPolypetalousPolysepalousSympetalousSynsepalousTetrapetalousTripetalousUnipetalousAccrescentAlateAmpliateBilabiateCalcarateCalceolateCampanulateCarinateCorniculateCornuteCoroniformCruciateCruciformCucullateExplanateFunnelformGaleateGaleiformGibbousInflated具一轮花被。花瓣分离具两轮不同类型的花被，即花萼和花冠。花瓣两枚。花瓣数目较通常多出许多冠毛缺失。具联合或至少部分联合的花瓣。萼片联合。仅具花被组分的一种。具联合或至少部分联合的花瓣。具八枚花瓣。具八枚萼片。有冠毛。有冠毛。有花瓣。有花瓣。具有由完全分离的花瓣组成的花冠。具由分离的萼片组成的花萼。花瓣联合，花瓣至少在近基部联合。萼片合生。具有四枚花瓣。具有三瓣枚瓣。仅具有一枚花瓣。逐渐增大，如花期后花萼继续增大。有翅。增大或扩展。具二唇，见于许多不整齐花中。具有距；有距的。鞋状或拖鞋状，如某些兰花的唇瓣。钟形。龙骨状的。具有小的角状突起物具角。冠形。十字交叉形的。十字交叉形的。有罩盖或兜帽形。平向外展。自基部向端部逐渐变宽；型像漏斗。头盔形；具有盔瓣。头盔形；具有盔瓣。单侧鼓起或增大；一面鼓的。鼓起或膨胀；膀胱状的。

漏斗状的雄蕊束雄蕊束花粉花粉块InfundibuliformPhalangePhalanxPollenPollinium (pl. pollinia)漏斗形。由花丝联合在一起的两枚或多枚雄蕊。由花丝联合在一起的两枚或多枚雄蕊。由裸子植物的小孢子囊或被子植物的花粉产生的成熟小孢子或正在发育的雄配子体。在许多兰科和萝藦科植物中，作为传粉单位的囊花丝雄蕊退化雄蕊退化雄蕊缝①囊②室载粉器败育的能育的显花丝和花药的不育的瓣状雄蕊的瓣状的具花粉的不发育的不育的偏心的具柄的心皮有柱无柄的心皮有柱有柄的无心皮的双心皮的具两心皮的具二离心皮的具单心皮的皮层分生组织髓细根中柱根瘤SacStalkStamen （s，stamina）Staminode（odia）StaminodiumSutureTheca（pl. thecae）TranslatorAbortiveFertileFilantherousInfertilePetalantherousPetaloidPolliniferousRudimentarySterileEccentricStipitateStylocarpellousStylocarpepodicAcarpousBicarpellateDicarpellateDigynousMonocarpousCortexMeristemPithRootletSteleTubercule蜡质花粉粒团。袋状小室，如花药室。雄蕊中支撑花药的柄。花的雄性生殖器官，由花药和花丝组成。不育的、不产生花粉的变态雄蕊。不育的、不产生花粉的变态雄蕊。花药的开裂线。花粉囊或花药室。萝藦科植物相邻花药的花粉块之间的连接结构。发育不充分或不正常的；不发育的。能产生种子；能产生花粉。雄蕊具有明显花丝和花药。不育或不能生存。具瓣状花丝的雄蕊。外形花瓣状。有花粉。发育不全的；退化的。不育，如不产生花粉的雄蕊。偏离中心；不位于中轴上。着生在柄或梗上。具花柱，但子房与花托之间无柄。具花柱及连接子房与花托的柄。没有心皮。具两个心皮。具两个心皮。具两枚雌蕊。具一个心皮。根表皮和中柱之间的。位于苗端和根端生长点的未分化、有活跃分裂能力的组织。某些根中央的海绵状薄壁组织。小根。根的初生维管结构。根瘤，如某些豆科植物根上的瘤。

纺锤形芜菁状的芜菁状的纺锤形的陀螺状的不定的气生的板根的须根吸器支柱根生根的假根细根蕨根茎直根块状根根瘤树皮树干小枝芽维管束痕形成层果皮果核胎座框种子果瓣隔膜柄FusiformNapiformRapiformisSpindle-shapedTurbinateAdventitiousAerialButtressedFibrous rootsHaustorium (ria)Prop rootRadicantRhizoidRootletSurculumTaprootTuberoidTuberculeBarkBoleBranchletBudBundle scarCambiumPericarpPitReplumSeedSegmentSeptum（pl. Septa）Stipe形如纺锤状的，中部最宽，两端渐细。芜菁根状的。芜菁根状的。形如纺锤状的，中部最宽，两端渐细。陀螺状的。在非正常位置上发育出的结构或器官，如茎上长出的根。地面或水面之上发生的。用于支柱或支撑，如某些树的板状树干。由粗细相近无主次之分的根组成的根系，如禾草和其它单子叶植物的根。寄生植物从寄主吸收营养物质的特化根状器官。由下部茎节发出的、支撑茎的不定根。匍匐茎节上生出的根。无输导组织（木质部和韧皮部）的根状结构。小根。蕨类的根状茎。具有侧根的主根轴；由主根和侧根组成的根系，见于大多数双子叶植物。与块茎相似的加厚的根。根瘤，如某些豆科植物根上的瘤。木质茎的最外层，包括形成层以外全部活的和死的组织。树的分枝以下的主茎。小的分枝。未发育的枝或花。叶脱落时维管束遗留在枝上的巴痕。一种具有强烈分生能力的组织，向内产生木质部，向外产生韧皮部；一种侧生分生组织。果实的壁 。核果的石质内果皮，如桃和樱桃。十字花科短角果或长角果中一室两心皮（假二室）之间的隔膜。成熟的胚珠。果实的一部分。隔，如子房室之间的隔。连接果实到花托的柄。

核(花)柱基缝瓣油道附果瘦果槲果聚合果瘦果掺花果假种皮浆果刺果蒴果颖果颖果周裂蒴果分果核果小核果蓇葖果Stone核果中包裹种子的木质、坚硬内果皮。Stylopodium伞形科植物花柱基部的盘状膨大。Suture结合线；果实的开裂线。Valve裂果的一个果瓣片，成熟时与其它果瓣片分离。Vitta（pl. vittae）伞形科植物果实心皮壁上的油管。Accessory fruit由多汁花托而不是由雌蕊发育成的肉质果实。成熟子房为花托表面的小瘦果，如草莓。Achene单室、单种子的不开裂小干果，种子仅在一点与子房壁相连，如向日葵。Acorn橡树类植物不开裂的坚硬干果，具单枚大的种子和杯状基部。Aggregate fruit通常指由单花的许多离生雌蕊形成的一簇或一组小型肉质果，如悬钩子的簇生小坚果。Akene单室、单种子的不开裂小干果，种子仅在一点与子房壁相连，如向日葵。Anthocarp除果皮外，还有花的某些部分共同参与形成的果实。Aril种皮的肉质加厚，形似真正的果实，如红豆杉属植物。由单枚雌蕊发育成的肉质果实，具有几个或多Berry个种子，如番茄；有时也泛指通体肉质或多汁的果实，即无果核。Bur(or burr.)常具钩、倒刺或附属物的果实。Capsule由两个或多个心皮形成的开裂干果。Cariopsis种皮和果皮愈合，具一枚种子的不开裂干果，如禾本科植物的果实； 谷粒。Caryopsis种皮和果皮愈合，具一枚种子的不开裂干果，如禾本科植物的果实； 谷粒。Circumscissile capsule沿横向环线开裂的蒴果，其顶部分离呈盖状。Cremocarp不开裂的干果，成熟时分开成为数个含一个种子的果瓣（心皮）Drupe不开裂的肉质果实，通常具单个种子并由石质内果皮包围，如桃子或樱桃。Drupelet小的核果，如悬钩子果实中的单个果。Follicle由单个心皮形成的沿一侧开裂的干果，如马利筋。

种子状结构，颖果离生的花冠上着生的分离的雌雄蕊合体的雌雄蕊合体的单体雄蕊的雄蕊附着花冠的多体的聚药的聚药的基着的背着的丁字着的纵裂的孔裂的横裂的瓣裂的雌雄蕊柄心皮果柄室合点隔膜胚囊珠柄合蕊柱雌蕊基雌蕊柄珠被侵入具单雌蕊的八雌蕊的，八花柱的多心皮的多雌蕊的，多花柱的GrainDistinctEpipetalousFreeGynandrousGynostemialMonadelphousPetalostemonousPolyadelphousSynandrousSyngenesiousBasifixedDorsifixedVersatileLongitudinalPoricidalTransverseValvularAndrogynophoreCarpelCarpopodiumCellChalazaDissepimentEmbryo sacFunicleGynandriumGynobaseGynophoreIntegumentIntrusionMonogynousOctogynousPolycarpousPolygynous类似种子的结构，如酸膜属 的果实； 颖果。分离；不与相似的部分相连。着生在花瓣上。不与其它器官相连。雄蕊贴生于雌蕊上。雄蕊贴生于雌蕊上。雄蕊的花丝联合，形成围绕雌蕊群的管。雄蕊花丝与花冠结合，花药与花冠分离。分离成几束着生，如某些花的雄蕊。具联合的花药。具花药联合的雄蕊。花药以基部着生。花药背部着生。花药以近中部而非端部着生。沿着花药长轴开裂。通过一个孔开裂。沿着与花药长轴成直角的方向开裂。通过瓣下的小孔开裂。某些花中着生雄蕊和雌蕊的柄。组成单雌蕊或复合雌蕊的变态叶。着生子房的柄。子房中的空腔或室；小室。胚珠或种子中珠被和珠心联合的部位，与珠孔相对。隔，如子房室中的隔。有花植物胚珠内的雌配子体。连接胚珠与胎座的柄；种子的柄。着生雄蕊和雌蕊的柱状结构花托的伸长或膨大，如紫草科的花。某些花中着生雌蕊的伸长的柄。胚珠的被层，将来发育成种皮。向内突入，如胎座突入子房室。具一个心皮。具八个雌蕊或花柱。具多个心皮。具多个雌蕊或花柱。

假单基数的单心皮的三心皮的单心皮的离心皮的复[合]子房分离的雌雄蕊合体的雌雄蕊合体的雌雄蕊合体的半离心皮的单子房合心皮的半下位的下位的无雄蕊的无雄蕊的两雄蕊的单轮雄蕊的单雄蕊的八雄蕊的八雄蕊的少雄蕊的五雄蕊的多雄蕊的多雄蕊的互生的对瓣的对萼的对瓣的对萼的二强雄蕊的PseudomonomerousStylodiousTricarpellaryUnicarpellousApocarpousCompound ovaryFreeGynandrialGynandrousGynostemialSemicarpousSimple ovarySyncarpousHalf-inferiorInferiorAnandrousAstemonousDiandrousHaplostemonousMonandrousOctandrousOctostemonousOligandrousPentandrousPolyandrousPolystemonousAlternateAntepetalousAntesepalousAntipetalousAntesepalousDidynamous实由离生结构愈合而成却看似单一的结构，如看似单心皮的雌蕊，实为两个或多个心皮组成。具单单个离生的心皮。具三个心皮。具单单个离生的心皮。花中的心皮形成离生的雌蕊，如毛茛科植物。由两个或多个心皮组成的子房。不与其它器官相连雄蕊贴生在雌蕊上。雄蕊贴生在雌蕊上。雄蕊贴生在雌蕊上。具心皮部分地结合，花柱和柱头分离的子房。子房只由一个心皮构成具联合的心皮。在下半部分着生，如具托杯的花，托杯与子房的下半部分合生，其它花轮看似由子房的近中部发出。在下面着生，如着生在其它花轮着生点以下的子房，这些花轮看似由子房顶部发出。没有雄蕊；无雄蕊群。没有雄蕊。具有两枚雄蕊。雄蕊与花瓣数目相同。具有单枚雄蕊。具有八枚雄蕊。具有八枚雄蕊。具少数几枚雄蕊。具有五枚雄蕊。具有多枚雄蕊（通常多于十）。具有多枚雄蕊。雄蕊生于花瓣之间。 （对比 对生的)。(雄蕊)正对着花瓣着生。(雄蕊) 正对着萼片着生。(雄蕊)正对着花瓣着生。(雄蕊) 正对着萼片着生具有两对不等长的雄蕊；成对出现的。

具外轮对萼雄蕊的外曲的突出的外向的具单轮雄蕊的内藏的内弯的内向的具外轮对瓣雄蕊的对生的显雄蕊的多体的四强雄蕊的三强雄蕊的附着的贴生的离生雄蕊的贴伏的紧靠的愈合的连着的合生的靠合的二体雄蕊的柑果蔷薇果荚果室背开裂蒴果节荚节荚DiplostemonousExcurvedExsertedExtrorseHaplostemonousIncludedIncurvedIntrorseObdiplostemonousOppositePhaenantherousPolyadelphousTetradynamousTridynamousAdherentAdnateApostemonousAppressedApproximateCoalescentCoherentConnateConniventDiadelphousHesperidiumHipLegumeLoculicidal capsuleLomentLomentum（a）具有两轮雄蕊，外轮对着萼片，内轮对着花瓣；雄蕊数是花瓣数的二倍。离轴 ，向外弯曲雄蕊突出于花冠。离轴，朝向外侧。具一轮雄蕊。雄蕊不伸出花冠。向内弯曲，朝向轴面向轴，朝向内侧。具有两轮雄蕊，外轮对着花瓣，内轮对着萼片。雄蕊与花瓣着生在同一半径轴上。具伸出花冠的雄蕊。具有几束离生的雄蕊。具有四枚长雄蕊和两枚短雄蕊，如大多数十字花科植物。具两束雄蕊，每束三枚。不同的部分粘附在一起，如花药粘附于花柱上。结合程度不如贴生的（adnate）牢固。不同的部分结合在一起，如雄蕊贴生于花冠上。具离生的雄蕊。紧压或平靠另一器官。紧密生长在一起，但并不结合。联合在一起形成一个单位相似的部分粘在一起。其结合程度不如合生的（connate）牢固。相似部分的结合，如雄蕊的花丝合生成筒。聚合 ，但并非真正结合或联合。雄蕊由花丝联合成通常数目不等的两束具坚韧果皮的浆果状肉质果实，如柠檬或柑橘。由膨大的托杯包围多数瘦果形成的 浆果状结构。由单个心皮形成的通常沿两条缝开裂的干果，如豆荚。沿果室而不是沿隔膜开裂的蒴果（对比室间开裂和孔裂的）。在种子之间缢缩的荚果在种子之间缢缩的荚果。

复果，聚花果坚果小坚果瓠果荚[果]梨果孔裂蒴果假果盖果翅果分果室间裂蒴果短角果长角果隐头果合心皮果胞果具泡状隆起的具沟的格状的变灰白的具沟的具缘毛的具短缘毛的灰色的革质的具皱褶的具长软毛的Multiple fruit由聚集在单个花轴上的几个分离花形成的果实，如桑葚和菠萝。Nut不开裂的，通常具单个种子的坚硬干果。Nutlet小的坚果；某些紫草科、马鞭草科和唇形科植物成熟子房的裂瓣之一。Pepo具坚韧果皮和多数种子的不开裂肉质果实，如甜瓜或黄瓜。Pod任何开裂的干果，尤指荚果或蓇葖果。Pome由下位复合子房形成的不开裂肉质果实，由围绕果核的变态花筒组成，如苹果。Poricidal capsule由多个小孔开裂的蒴果，如罂粟。Pseudocarp由花托而不是由子房发育成的果实，如梨果。Pyxidium周裂的蒴果，其顶端呈盖状脱落。Samara具翅的不开裂的干果。Schizocarp不开裂的干果，成熟时分开成为数个含一个种子的果瓣（心皮）。Septicidal capsule沿隔膜和室间开裂的蒴果 。（对比 室背开裂的和孔裂的 ）十字花科的一种开裂干果，果长小于二倍果Silicle宽，两个心皮瓣片从宿存的胎座和(假)隔膜处(胎座框)分开。十字花科的一种开裂干果，果长大于二倍果Silique宽，两个心皮瓣片从宿存的胎座和(假)隔膜处(胎座框)分开。Syconium(pl. syconia).无花果的果实，由具中空内陷花托的整个成熟花序形成，花着生在花托内部。Syncarp复果。Utricle果皮薄，含单个种子，多少呈膀胱状膨胀的小的果实。Bullate表面被覆圆形的泡状突起物。Canaliculate具有纵向的沟或槽。Cancellate具有细小、规则呈网状的格。Canescent由于被覆短而细的灰色或白色毛呈灰色或白色。Channeled具有一条或多条深的纵沟。Ciliate边缘具有流苏状毛。Ciliolate边缘具有流苏状小毛。Cinereous灰色的；由于被覆短毛而呈灰色。Coriaceous具有皮革般的质地。Corrugated起皱或折叠成交错的沟和脊。Crinite具簇生的长而软的毛。

①无害的②无刺的光滑的具绵状毛的被绒毛的被绒毛的短绵状毛的具鳞片的有光泽的有光泽的具乳突的具毡状毛的粉状的粗糙的微糙的具珍珠光泽的有光泽的具斑[点]的糠秕状的毡毛状的具[花]柱基的三花柱的中轴胎座式基生胎座式特立中央胎座式边缘胎座式侧膜胎座式横生胚珠倒生胚珠弯生胚珠横生胚珠横生胚珠直生胚珠节果瓣柄室Innocuous无害；缺乏棘或刺。Laevigate有光泽的；发亮的。Lanate具绵状毛；密被长卷毛。Lanuginose绒毛状的或绵毛状的；具软的绒毛。Lanuginous绒毛状的或绵毛状的；具软的绒毛。Lanulose细小的绵状毛；小绵毛状。Lepidote被覆小的屑状鳞片。Lucid明亮的，发亮的。Lustrous发亮的或有光泽的。Mammillate具乳头状突起。Manicate具有厚的相互交织的柔毛。Mealy连续被粉；粉状，干而易碎。Muricate具小而尖的突起。Muriculate略粗糙。Nacreous具有珍珠般的光泽；珍珠般的。Nitid有光泽的；发亮的。Notate具有线斑或点斑。Paleaceous糠秕状的；具糠秕状的鳞片。Pannose被覆短而密的毡状绒毛。Stylopodic具花柱基。Tristylous具三个花柱。Axile placentation胚珠着生在二室或多室子房的中轴上。Basal placentation胚珠着生于单室子房的基部。Free-central胚珠着生在单室子房中央的与子房上部不相连placentation的柱上。Marginal placentation胚珠着生在单心皮的腹缝线上。Parietal placentation胚珠着生于子房壁上。Amphitropous ovule直且半倒置，种脐位于侧面的胚珠。Anatropous ovule直且倒置，珠孔紧邻珠柄的胚珠。Campylotropousovule珠孔邻近珠柄和合点的弯曲的胚珠。Hemianatropousovule珠柄与胚珠长轴成直角的半倒置胚珠。Hemitropous ovule珠柄与胚珠长轴成直角的半倒置胚珠。Orthotropous ovule竖直的胚珠Article果实上相邻缢缩之间的部分。Carpophore花托在两个心皮间的细长延伸，作为中轴，如某些伞形科和牻 牛儿苗科植物的果实。Cell子房中包含胚珠的空腔或小室；小腔。

接着面壳斗隔膜内果皮外果皮珠柄雌蕊柄托杯，被丝托子房室子房室分果爿，悬果爿中果皮盖子房珠心室小室珠孔珠心子房胚珠雌蕊胎座果柄小喙; 蕊喙隔膜柱头柄，梗CommissureCupuleDissepimentEndocarpEpicarpFuniculus （li）GynophoreHypanthiumLoculeLoculus（pl. loculi）MericarpMesocarpOperculumOvaryKernelLoculeLoculus (pl. loculi)MicropyleNucellusOvaryOvulePistilPlacenta (tae)PodogyneRostellumSeptum (pl. septa)StigmaStipe两个心皮彼此连接的面，如伞形科植物杯状总苞，如槲果。如子房室之间的隔。果实中果皮的内层。果实中果皮的外层。种子的柄。某些花中着生雌蕊的伸长的柄。花轴(花托)的杯状延伸部分，常由花萼、花冠和雄蕊群的基部联合而成，通常包围或包裹着雌蕊。包含种子的子房室或腔。包含种子的子房室或腔。分果的一部分；伞形科植物果实的两瓣之一。果实中果皮的中层。小的盖，如周裂蒴果的脱落盖 。雌蕊膨大的基部，内含胚珠；未成熟的果实。胚珠中紧邻珠被下方并包围雌配子体的部分。子房中包含胚珠的腔或室。子房中包含胚珠的腔或室。胚珠珠被上的开口。胚珠中紧邻珠被下方并包围雌配子体的部分。雌蕊膨大的基部，内含胚珠。未成熟的种子；种子植物的大孢子囊及其周围的被层。花的雌性生殖器官，典型的花由花柱、柱头和子房组成。子房中着生胚珠的部分。着生子房的柄。小的喙；兰科柱头上边缘的一个突起。隔，如子房室中的隔。雌蕊接受花粉的部位。支撑某枚结构的柄或梗，如某些花中连接子房与花托的柄。

花柱(花)柱基心皮无柱无柄的心皮无柱有柄的无花柱的上位的无花柱的二深裂的偏心的基着式花柱花柱异长的花柱异长的花柱同长的花柱同长的长花柱的单花柱的灯心草状的肉茎的肉茎的具长匐茎的攀缘的花葶状的单枝的具根出条的拱垂的平展的具匍匐茎的匍匐茎状的笔直的近花葶状的地下的地下的肉质的半灌木状半灌木的具中脉的网状脉的StyleStylopodiumAstylocarpellousAstylocarpepodicAstylousSuperiorAstylousBifidEccentricGynobasic styleHeterostylicHeterostylousHomostylicHomostylousMacrostylousMonostylousRush-likeSarcocaulousSarcousSarmentoseScandentScapiformSimpleSoboliferousSprawlingSpreadingStoloniferousStoloniformStrictSubscaposeSubterraneanSubterraneousSucculentSuffrutescentSuffruticoseCostateNet-veined雌蕊中连接柱头和子房的通常部分。伞形科植物花柱盘状膨大基部的结构。无花柱以及连接子房与花托的柄。无花柱，但子房与花托之间有柄。没有花柱。在上面着生，如着生在其它花轮着生点以上的子房。没有花柱。通常从顶部深二裂或二瓣。偏离中心；不位于中轴上。既着生于心皮上又着生于雌蕊基上的花柱。同一种植物的花具有长度不等的花柱。同一种植物的花具有长度不等的花柱。同一种植物花的花柱长度基本一致。同一种植物花的花柱长度基本一致。具长的花柱。仅有一个花柱。具有不明显的花，形似禾草。具有肉质的茎。多肉的。具有细长的纤匍茎。攀缘的。花形似花葶，但并非完全无叶。不分枝。根出条的或与根出条相关的；向下弯曲,靠着某物并由其支撑。接近于水平伸展,几乎平卧。具有匍匐茎。形似匍匐茎的。直，垂直，全然不平展。几近花葶。位于地面之下。位于地面之下。肉质多汁，如仙人掌的茎。略微灌木状，基部轻度木质化。轻度木质化。具肋纹的。网络状或网状的。

平行脉的羽状掌状的网状的具肋的具三脉的离基三出脉的具脉的具二齿的二裂的掌状裂的掌状全裂的深裂的鸟足状的羽状半裂的羽状浅裂的羽状全裂的四回羽状裂的残波状的外卷的倒向羽裂的有锯齿的有细锯齿的具深波状的波状的三齿的三裂的三深裂的三回羽状半裂的波状的抱茎的耳状抱茎的抱茎的对生连基抱茎的下延的Parallel-veinedPinnipalmateReticulateRibbedTrinervedTriplinervedVenoseBidentateBifidPalmatifidPalmatisectPartedPedatePinnatifidPinnatilobatePinnatisectQuadripinnatifidRepandRevoluteRuncinateSerrateSerrulateSinuateSinuousTridentateTrifidTripartiteTripinnatifidUndulateAmplexicaulAuriculate-claspingClaspingConnate-perfoliateDecurrent主脉平行于叶轴或彼此平行。羽状和掌状之间的中间类型，叶片的第一对脉比其它的脉大而明显。呈网络；网状脉。具明显的肋状突起或脉纹。三脉，都从近基处发出。三脉，两侧脉从中脉基部的上方分出。具脉纹。具两个齿。通常从顶端深二裂或裂为两个圆裂片。掌状半裂或浅裂。掌状全裂。深裂，通常超过至基部或中脉的一半。掌状全裂，外侧的裂片二裂。羽状半裂或浅裂至中脉的一半或更多，但未达到中脉。具羽状排列的浅裂片。羽状裂至中脉。四次羽状的分裂。边缘有些波状或微弱的弯曲。等同波状的（undulate）。边缘向下后卷（对比内卷的）。急羽裂或半裂，裂片向下。叶缘具齿，尖齿向前。缘有细小的尖齿，尖齿向前。具强烈波状弯曲的边缘。波浪或蛇行的形状。三齿。三裂三深裂。三次羽状半裂。波浪状，但波曲程度不及深波状（sinuate）。抱茎，如某些叶子的基部或托叶紧抱着茎干。叶基具耳状裂片，环绕着茎干。全部或部分围绕着茎干。对生叶的基部联合并围绕茎干。从着生点向下延伸，如叶基沿茎干向下延伸。

假单花花序总状花序蝎尾状聚伞花序单生花佛焰花序，肉穗花序穗状花序小穗球穗花序聚伞圆锥花序伞形花序小伞轮状聚伞花序雄雌同序的腋生的头状的小头状的离心花序向心花序伞房花序状的伞房状的杯状的聚伞状有限的团集的团伞状的PseudanthiumRacemeScorpioid cymeSolitarySpadixSpikeSpikeletStrobileThyrseUmbelUmbelletVerticillasterAndrogynousAxillaryCapitateCapitellateCentrifugalinflorescenceCentripetalinflorescenceCorymbiformCorymboseCyathiformCymoseDeterminateGlomerateGlomerulate由许多小花密集而成，外观像一朵花的花序。花具柄，由基向上渐次成熟，长而不分枝的花序。花序轴“之”字形弯曲的有限花序。花单朵出现而不是一簇或一群。小花密集生于肥厚的轴上的穗状花序。花或小穗花具柄，由基向上渐次成熟，长而不分枝的花序。小型的穗状花序或次级穗状花序；由两片枚片（颖片）包裹的一至多花组成的禾草和莎草的末级花穗。球果或者像球果的花序。主轴无限、侧轴聚伞状，圆柱状或卵形的密集圆锥花序。平顶或凸顶，花梗伞撑状、小花梗从同一点分出呈伞辐状的花序，高度密集的总状花序。复伞形花序的末级伞状簇。从对生叶或苞片腋部伸出的假轮生的聚伞花序。同时具有雄花和雌花的花序，雄花着生部位高于雌花，如苔草属的某些种。着生于或发自腋部。头状或呈头状成簇，如菊科的花。具小的头状结构或多个非常小的头形簇。自中心向外开放的花簇，如聚伞花序。自边缘向中心开放的花簇，如伞房花序。形似伞房花序，但结构不一定是真正的伞房花序。花排列成伞房花序。此术语有时等同伞房花序状的。具杯状聚伞花序；茶杯状。花排列成聚伞花序。用来描述端花先开，阻止主轴进一步延伸的花序。密集成簇。非常小的、密集成簇排列。

雌雄同序的螺卷状的无限的单歧聚伞状的圆锥状的圆锥花序状的总状花序状的总状的蝎尾状的偏向的佛焰苞的穗状的穗状花序状的顶生的聚伞圆锥状的伞形的伞形花序状的雄蕊群花萼心皮花冠花被雌蕊群雌蕊群蜜腺蜜腺花梗花序梗花被GynaecandrousHelicoidIndeterminateMonochasialPaniculatePaniculiformRacemiformRacemoseScorpioidSecundSpathaceousSpicateSpiciformTerminalThyrsoidUmbellateUmbelliformAndroeciumCalyx (pl. calyces，calyxes)CarpelCorollaFloral envelopeGyneciumGynoeciumNectar glandNectaryPedicelPedunclePerianth雌花着生部位高于雄花的花序，如苔草属的某些种。（对比雄雌同序的）螺旋状卷曲，如紫草科的某些单侧聚伞花序。用来描述基部或外侧花先开放，主轴得以无限延伸的花序。具单歧聚伞花序的形式。花排列成圆锥花序。形似圆锥花序，但结构不一定是真正圆锥花序。形似总状花序但结构区别于真正总状花序的花序。花排列成总状花序。此术语有时和总状的同义。花序轴“之”字形弯曲的有限聚伞花序。仅排列在轴的一侧。具佛焰苞；佛焰苞状。成穗排列。形似穗状花序但结构不一定是真正的穗状花序。位于在顶端或顶部。聚伞圆锥花序状。排列成伞形花序；伞形花序状。形似伞形花序，但结构不一定是真正的伞形花序。此术语常密集的聚伞花序而不是密集的总状花序。一朵花内所有雄蕊的总称。外轮花被；一朵花内所有萼片的总称。组成单雌蕊或复合雌蕊的变态叶；大孢子叶。一朵花内所有花瓣的总称；内轮花被。花冠的总称。等同花被。一朵花内所有心皮或雌蕊的总称。一朵花内所有心皮或雌蕊的总称。产生花蜜的组织或器官。产生花蜜的组织或器官。花序中单朵花的柄。单生花或花序的柄。花的花萼和花冠的总称，尤指二者外形相似时。

花瓣雌蕊花托萼片雄蕊花被片延伸的具托叶鞘的茎穿叶的具叶柄的具叶柄的叶基叶片叶颈中脉小齿小叶叶片半灌木的具根出条的地表的四棱的蔓生的三棱的三棱的三棱的丛生的缠绕的无刺的单轴的柔韧枝的帚状的具翅的PetalPistilReceptacleSepalStamen (pl. stamens,stamina)TepalExcurrentOcreatePerfoliatePetiolatePetioledBaseBladeCollarCosta (pl. Costae)ffruticuloseSurculoseSurficialTetragonalTrailingTriangulateTrigonalTrigonousTuftedTwiningUnarmedUniaxialVimineousVirgateWinged花冠的单个裂片或部分，常有色或白色。花的雌性生殖器官，典型地由柱头、花柱和子房组成。着生花部器官的花梗部分；在菊科中指着生头状花序花的花序梗部分。花萼的裂片。花的雄性生殖器官，由花药和花丝组成；被子植物的小孢子叶。无花萼和花冠之分的花被片；萼片或花瓣。超常延伸，如叶基沿茎干下延。具鞘状托叶。叶边缘完全包围绕着茎，使茎看似从叶中穿过。叶具柄。叶具柄。距叶着生点最近的叶片基部。叶的宽展部分。禾草叶片和叶鞘联接处的外延部分。肋或显著的叶中脉。小齿或齿状突出物。复叶上的小叶。叶的宽展的部分。轻度木质化。从基部或根状茎上长出根出条或纤匐茎。在近地面或地面上蔓生的。有四个棱角平卧匍匐生长，但不生根。三个棱角的。有三个棱。有三个棱。密集成簇排列。围绕一个支撑物（如另一个茎）螺旋状盘绕支持物（常为其它茎）攀援生长。无刺，皮刺或棘刺。单一不分枝的茎终止于花。具有长而柔韧的小枝；由小枝组成；小枝状。棒状的；细直，直立。具有翅。

裂片小裂片叶缘中裂片中脉中脉中脉短尖头两浅裂片的二深裂的二回羽状裂的二裂的具重锯齿的半裂的具圆齿的具细圆齿的皱波状的具齿的具细牙齿的指状的，掌状复出的多裂的全裂的无齿的全缘的啮蚀状的浅啮蚀状的①具缺刻的②锐裂的内卷的内卷的撕裂状的具刺的具小刺的具小平面的被粉的蜂窝状的蜂窝状的具窗孔的流苏状的LobeLobuleMarginMidlobeMidnerveMidribMidveinMucroBilobedBipartiteBipinnatifidBisectedBiserrateCleftCrenateCrenulateCrispedDentateDenticulateDigitateDissectedDividedEdentateEntireEroseErosulateIncisedInrolledInvoluteLacerateEchinateEchinulateFacetedFarinoseFaveolateFavoseFenestrateFimbriate器官的圆裂片，如叶的裂片。小裂片；裂片的次级裂片。叶片的边缘。叶的中央裂片。叶的中央脉。叶的中脉或中肋。叶的中央叶脉。短而骤尖的叶端。分成两个圆裂片。二裂几近叶片的基部。两次羽状半裂。裂成两部分。叶缘锯齿上再具小锯齿。裂至基部或中部的一半。叶缘具圆形的齿。叶缘具很小的圆齿。弯曲，波状或皱褶状。叶缘具齿，尖朝外不向前。叶缘具很小的牙齿。从一个点上浅裂，具脉或裂片，好象一只手的手指一样。等同掌状的（palmate）。深裂为多个狭的裂片。分或裂至叶基或中脉。不具齿。无齿、缺刻或裂片, 如某些叶的边缘。叶缘具参差不齐的齿，好象被啃过似的。多少有些啮蚀状。通常参差不齐、急而深的裂。向内弯曲或卷曲；内卷。边缘向上内卷。（对比外卷的）。不规则的分裂或半裂，好象被撕开似的。具皮刺或刺。具有很小的皮刺或刺。具有多个平的表面，象切割的宝石，如某些种子。被覆粉状物。蜂窝状的或具凹痕；多小孔的。蜂窝状的或具凹痕；多小孔的。具窗形的穿孔、开口或透明的区域。流苏状的，通常由毛或毛状物沿边缘形成。

茎基幼茎茎叶状枝叶状枝球茎小球茎秆生花茎藤本植物单轴短匐茎分株叶状枝无花茎假花葶截根苗根状茎纤匐茎长匐茎苗根出条根出条叶花（果）梢匍匐茎根株根出条Caudex (pl. es)CaulicleCaulisCladodeCladophyllCormCormelCulmFloricaneLianaMonopodium (dia)OffsetOffshootPhyllocladePrimocanePseudoscapeRatoonRhizomeRunnerSarmentShootSobolSoboleSprayStolonStoolSucker多年生草本植物宿存的木质化的基部。小的枝，未发育的枝条。草本植物的主茎。具有叶的形状和功能的枝。具有叶的形状和功能的枝。短小、实心、直立生长的地下茎，具薄纸质的叶。大球茎基部生出的小球茎。中空或具髓的杆或茎，如禾草、莎草、灯心草。第二年开花结果的枝杆。木质化的攀援藤本。所有侧枝由单个主轴产生。由近地面茎分枝的短的匍匐茎。从主茎上分出的枝。具有叶的形状和功能的枝。第一年生通常无花的枝杆。假花葶，并非所有的叶都基生，仅仅是象基生。从被砍伐植物的根部长出的苗。横生的地下茎；根状茎。在节处和茎的先端生根的纤细匍匐茎。细长的纤匐茎。在节处和茎的先端生根的纤细匍匐茎。幼茎或幼枝。发自茎基的长枝条；从茎的基部或根状茎上长出的枝条。发自茎基的长枝条；从茎的基部或根状茎上长出的枝条。具有叶花或果的纤细枝条。沿地面横生的长茎，在节处或端部生根，并产生新的植株。每年生出新茎的植物基部。从单一根上长出的一簇茎。多年生草本植物宿存的木质化的基部。从地下长出的枝条。

合轴刺分蘖SympodiumThornTiller主轴看似单轴，但实际上由许多短的腋生枝相继发育而成，而不是由单一顶芽延续而成。针状的木质变态茎，有时泛指其它类似的真刺的结构。多少直立的基生的或地下的枝条。从地下长出的枝条。

解释(英文)A prominent, simple vein or rib of a leaf. See illustration formidvein.A leaf stalk of a leaflet of a compound of the primary divisions or leaflets of a pinnate leaf. Seeillustration for pinnate division of a pinna in a bipinnately compound leaf,or the ultimate divisions of a leaf which is more than twicepinnately main axis of a compound main axis of a compound leaf.A main longitudinal vein in a leaf.A section or division of a cleft, depression, or recess. Between two lobes of a of a pair of leaf-like appendages found at the base of thepetiole in some leaves.A slender, twining organ used to grasp support form small lobe or point along a margin.A vascular bundle, usually visible externally, as in leaves.A small flat on the winged n-like or n-like or like in form; many branches; many branches; many branches; g or curving downward. Lying upon something andbeing supported by g or resting on the ground; ate; the leaves arranged in basal rosettes, the stem very shortor lacking .With many heads, as in a highly branched leafless straight , pertaining to, or exhibiting an essentially vertical thick branches.

With many heads, as in a highly branched or trailing on the ground, but not rooting at the waxy layer on the surface of a portion of the embryonic stem above the outermost cellular layer of a innermost, usually somewhat darker wood of a portion of the embryonic stem below the portion of a stem between two section of a stem from which a leaf or branch arises; anode, especially on a grass scar remaining on a twig after a leaf falls.A slightly raised, somewhat corky, often lens-shaped area onthe surface of a young erentiated, actively dividing tissues at the growing tip of position on the stem where leaves or branches food conducting tissue of vascular plants; spongy, parenchymatous central tissue in some stems androots.A small , sharp outgrowth of the epidermis or outer, newer, usually somewhat lighter, wood of woodystem; the wood that is actively transporting water; primary vascular structure of a stem, including the vasculartissues and all tissues internal to the vascular main stem of a tree below the branches.A small shoot or branch from a underground bud with thickened fleshy scales, as in theonion.A small bulb arising form the base of a larger bulb.A small bulb.A small ngular, nearly rhombic, with obtuse lateral or rounded in ead-shaped, with the basal lobes directed downward.(compare hastate)Like a spatula in shape, with a rounded blade above graduallytapering to the a spatula in shape, with a rounded blade above graduallytapering to the -sided, as opposed to ng gradually to a narrow ear-shaped -shaped, with the notch at the -shaped, triangular and tapering to a point at the base.

With ear-shaped ead-shaped, but with the basal lobes turned outwardrather than downward; halberd-shaped. (compare sagittate)Arrowhead-shaped, but with the basal lobes turned outwardrather than downward; halberd-shaped. (compare sagittate)With unequal side; unequal side; a rounded ead-shaped, with the basal lobes directeddownward.(compare hastate)With the base squared at the end as if cut ating lly tapering to a sharp point and forming concave sidesalong the ng to a pointed apex with more or less straight abruptly in small, slender g an awn or bristle at the g a m minute awn or bristle at the a tail-like a cirrus (tendril).With a cirrus (tendril).Tipped with a short, sharp, abrupt point (cusp).With a notch at the g tufts of long, soft, tangled g tufts of very fine woolly hairs; furrow or foveae; foveolae; minutely hairs or bristles along the ; branlike; ng glabrous; almost ng glabrous; almost ; g at glaucous; becoming d with a whitish or bluish waxy coating (bloom), as onthe surface of a at the ; sticky; gummy; covered with a sticky ent with coarse, stiff ent with very small, coarse, stiff ent with very small, coarse, stiff ent with very small, coarse, stiff with firm, stiff hairs.

Minutely gray or white short, fine d with fine, silky a whitish g spines, prickles, or into narrow, irregular lobes or g lobes which are cut less than half way to the base into many narrow segments or , veined, or divided from a common point, like the fingersof a hand. (compare pinnate).Bearing d with scales (squamae).With minute -shaped, as in hairs with several to many branches radiatingfrom the with a short, sharp, abrupt point (mucro).Tipped with a very small , without a point or a deeply notched or rounded at the apex; with the sides coming together athe apex at an angle greater than 90 ating abruptly, as if bitten with a sharp, rigid point; with a sharp, acrid odor a shallow notch in a round or blunt a rounded ly the apex squared at the end as if cut e without an odd leaflet at the tip. Same as two leaves or two pinnate; with the divisions again pinnately ternate with the ternate divisions again ternate divided.A leaf separated into two or more distinct than once-compound, the leaflets again ely compound with a terminal pair of leaflets or a tendrilrather than a single terminal leaflet, so that there is an evennumber of ning to or having leaflets; usually used in compounds,such as bifoliolate or -pinnate; unequally e with leaflets of various sizes intermixed.

Pinnately compound with a terminal leaflet rather than a pair ofleaflets or a tendril, so that there is an odd number of , veined, or divided from a common point, like the fingersof a hand. (compare pinnate)A compound leaf with leaflets arranged on opposite sides of anelongated axis. (compared palmate)Undivided, as a leaf blade which is not separated into leaflets(though the blade may be deeply lobed or cleft).Pinnately compound, but ending in a tendrill, as in the threes, as a leaf which is divided into three three leaves or three three leaves or three ely compound three times, with pinnate ely compound with a terminal leaflet rather than a pair ofleaflets or a tendril, so that there is an odd number of leaflets.A leaf theoretically compound, though only expressing a singleleaflet and appearing simple, as in Cercis.A large, divided leaf; a fern or palm the leaves united, usually by the different kinds of leaves on the same ed, as in a leaf or flower in which one color forms anedging or margin around relatively large, expanded leaf of higher vascular ing but persistent, as the sepals and petals in someflowers or the leaves at the base of some a distinct the lowest leaves well developed, not reduced to g and fleshy, as the leaves of pattern of veining on a y; covered with ly prickly; covered with tiny -combed, with pits separated by thin, ridged -combed, with pits separated by thin, ridged one or more openings or apertures. In pollen grains, theseapertures may be only thin spots rather than g long, cobwebby, entangled g thorns, spines, barbs, or to the short, stiff hairs or barbs.

With very tiny short, stiff hairs or a ed directly, without a supporting stalk, as a leaf without g a sheath, as the leaf base of a grass forms a sheath asit surrounds the singly at each node, as leaves on a stem. (compareopposite)Positioned at or arising from the base, as leaves arising fromthe base of the ed on two sides, as leaves on a arising from the stem above ground ed along the stem in pairs, with each pair at right anglesto the pair above or to the right or spirally arranged to the right, as in theleaves on some two vertical ranks or rows on opposite sides of an pping or straddling in two ranks, as the leaves of across from one another at the same node, as in a stemwith two leaves per node. (compare alternate).Arranged into vertical rows.A dense radiating cluster of leafs usually at or near the leaves arranged in basal rosettes, the stem very shortor to the left or spirally arranged to the left, as in theleaves on some ed in vertical; parts arranged in whorled, as in a leaf arrangement withthree or more leaves arising from a from the tip downward, as in the young leaves of a g a together lengthwise with the upper surface within, asthe leaves of many g off, as leaves from a tree; not evergreen; not t green leaves through the winter; not t -shaped, as the leaves of pine or , narrowly triangular, and sharply pointed like an -shaped, with the notch at the the shape of the Greek letter delta; shaped like andnarrower at the two equal g long, soft, shaggy, but unmatted, hairs.

Diminutive if g long, soft, shaggy, but unmatted, or ly long, soft, entangled hairs; lanate.A reduced leaf or leaf-like structure at the base of a flower orinflorescence.A small bract borne on a peduncle.A small bract borne on a peduncle.A cup-shaped involucre, as in an the Compositae (Asteraceae), the central portion of theinvolucrate head bearing tubular or disk involucre which resembles an outer calyx, as in Malva.A small flower; an individual flower within a dense cluster, as agrass flower in a spikelet, or a flower of the Compositae(Asteraceae) in an involucrate reproductive portion of the plant, consisting of stamens,pistils, or both, and usually including a perianth of sepals orboth sepals and petals.A small involucre; a secondary involucre, as in the bracts of thesecondary umbels in the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae).A whorl of bracts subtending a flower or flower cluster.A whorl of bracts subtending a flower or flower portion of the pedicel upon which the flower parts areborne; in the Compositae (Asteraceae), the part of the pedunclewhere the flowers of the head are borne.A ring-like arrangement of similar parts arising form a commonpoint or node; a ly symmetrical, so that a line drawn through the middle ofthe structure along any plane will produce a mirror image oneither ly symmetrical, so that a line drawn through the middle ofthe structure along any plane will produce a mirror image oneither rally symmetrical; said of a flower in which all parts are notsimilar in size and arrangement on the rally symmetrical; symmetry in flowers normally bilaterally ly symmetrical; said of a flower in which all parts aresimilar in size and arrangement on the ly symmetrical, so that a line drawn through the middle ofthe structure along any plane will produce a mirror image oneither side; essentially the same as actinomorphic.

Bilaterally symmetrical, so that a line drawn through the middleof the structure along only one plane will produce a mirrorimage on either rally symmetrical, so that a line drawn through the middleof the structure along only one plane will produce a mirrorimage on either stamens, petals, and sepals attached to the top of theovary, the ovary inferior to the other floral stamens, petals, and sepals attached below the ovary, theovary superior to the other floral main stem of a tree below the thickened portion of a rhizome bearing nodes and buds;underground stem modified for food storage.A small shoot which often over winters, as in some species ofepilobium.A small shoot or branch from a tree.A plant with the stem not self-supporting, but climbing ort4railing on some t a stem, or the stem so short that the leaves areapparently all basal, as in the dandelion. Note : the peduncleshould not be confused with the g Obliquely upward, usually g Obliquely upward, usually -edged, as the winged stem of sisyrinchium . the lowermost leaves reduced to small t g Obliquely upward, usually at ing suckers or runners from the base or from g near the ground, or spread over the surface of ate and creeping but not ed in a dense g or spiraling around a support (usually another stem ) g spines, prickles, or thornsWith a single unbranched stem terminating in a flower.

With long, flexible twigs; composed of twigs; twig like; straight, slender, and erectPossessing tip; the point farthest from the point of the shape of an ellipse, or a narrow oval; broadest at themiddle and narrower at the two equal the shape of an ellipse, or a narrow oval; broadest at themiddle and narrower at the two equal -shaped, as an Iris -shaped; hooked; shaped like the beak of a ead-shaped, but with the basal lobes turned outwardrather than downward; halberd-shaped. (compare sagittate)Arrowhead-shaped, but with the basal lobes turned outwardrather than downward; halberd-shaped. (compare sagittate)Lance-shape, much longer than wide, with the widest pointbelow the ling a line; long and narrow with more or less -shaped; pinnatifid, with the terminal lobe large androunded and the lower lobes much ely cordate, with the attachment at the narrower end;sometimes refers to any leaf with a deeply notched d, with the attachment at the at the narrower end;sometimes refers to any leaf with a deeply notched elliptic, but with the distal end somewhat larger thanthe proximal ely Lanceolate. With the attachment at the narrower to four times longer than broad with nearly parallel ely ovate, with the attachment at the narrower imately circular in imately circular in y elliptic, the width over one-half the -shaped in outline and attached at the broad end (appliedto plane surfaces).-shaped; borne on a stalk attached to the lower surfacerather than to the base or margin.A leaf with the margins entirely surrounding the stem, so thatthe stem appears to pass though the ; -shaped.

ngular, nearly rhombic, with obtuse lateral minute stiff hairs borne on swollen, nipplelike in texture and usually arent or holes or g long, soft, straight g minute, long, soft, straight g minute, long, soft, straight small pits or a waxy, powdery, uaually whitish coating (bloom) on thesurface; conspicuously glaucous, like a a waxy, powdery, uaually whitish coating (bloom) on thesurface; conspicuously glaucous, like a ly pubescent; with fine, short with fine, usually parallel lines or ly g straight, stiff, sharp, appressed ly a covering of cushion-like swellings; longitudinal grooves or a checkered ly a covering of short, matted or tangled, soft, wooly hairs;with ly g spines, prickles, or at the y; covered with short, soft, spreading ; covered with wart-like persistent and often woody base of a herbaceous or rind; root tissue between the epidermis and the persistent base of a herbaceous perennial, a caudex. 4; thetop part of a g Obliquely upward, usually g Obliquely upward, usually g in dense an obvious leafy stem rising above the ground.

Bearing flowers on the stem or , on, or pertaining to the g in dense climbing on other plants or surrounding g more or less erect by leaning or twining on anotherstructure for g along the surface of the ground, or just beneath thesurface, and producing toots, usually at the nodesReclining on the ground but with the tip irregular pattern of branching without a well defined centralaxis from bottom to ed or forded into two more or less equal diverging or spreading ing or unbranched lal, not declining or ssed into a bundle or band; grown closely together;with the stems malformed and flattened as if several separatestems had been fused ed in red, parallel, and erect, giving a broom-like and pulpy; y or y or at shrubby; small and nodes or points of articulation, as in the stems long ly pubescent; with fine, short d with short, soft hairs; bearing any kind of ing dusty or with pits or with translucent, sunken glands or withcolored ly small blisters or pustules, often at the base of a small blisters or pustules, often at the base of a small blisters or pustules, often at the base of a small blisters or pustules, often at the base of a flattened, scaly outgrowths, as on the epidermis of thestem and leaves of some a covering of waxy platelets, appearing ly y wrinkled, as if chewed.

Slightly rough to the touch, due to the structure of theepidermal cells, or to the presence of short stiff ly rough to the touch, due to the structure of theepidermal cells, or to the presence of short stiff ly rough to the touch, due to the structure of theepidermal cells, or to the presence of short stiff ly rough to the touch, due to the structure of theepidermal cells, or to the presence of short stiff ly to the touch, due to the structure of the epidermal cells,or to the presence of short stiff d with small, bran-like , with long, soft, slender, somewhat appressed d with d with minute -like in appearance or texture; an even surface; not rough to the g g g stamens, petals, and sepals borne on a calyx tube(hypanthium) surrounding, but not actually attached to, thesuperior pollinated; producing wind-borne d to flowers which open before fertilization and areusually cross-pollinated. (compare cleistogamous)Said of flowers which self-fertilize without opening. (comparechasmogamous)With the pistils and stamens maturing at different times toprevent self-fertilization. (compare homogamous)With the pistils and stamens maturing at different times toprevent self-fertilization. (compare homogamous)Insect ated by flowers of the same the pistils and stamens maturing at the same time,allowing self-fertilication. (compare dichogamous)Said of flowers which self-fertilize without opening. (comparechasmogamous)With the female flowers maturing before the male flowers;ated by erring pollen from the anthers of the flowers of one plantto the stigma of the flower of another plant.

With the anthers releasing pollen before the stigma is the anthers releasing pollen before the stigma is the stigma receptive before the anthers release the stigma receptive before the anthers release erring pollen from the anthers to the stigma of the floweror to the stigma of another flower on the same staminate and perfect flowers on separate staminate and perfect flowers on the same staminate and perfect flowers on the same both male and female reproductive organs (stamens andpistils). (same as perfect)With the stamens and pistils in separate flowers; imperfect flowers, the staminate and pistillate flowersborne on different plants. (compare monoecious)With imperfect flowers, the staminate and pistillate flowersborne on different plants. (compare monoecious)With imperfect flowers, the staminate and pistillate flowersborne on different plants. (compare monoecious)With pistillate and perfect flowers on separate pistils and stamens in the same flower; bisexual;monoclinous; flowers of differing either stamens or pistils, but not both; s imperfect, the staminate and pistillate flowers borne onthe same plant. (compare dioecious)With pistils and stamens in the same flower; s imperfect, the staminate and pistillate flowers borne onthe same plant. (compare dioecious)With both male and female reproductive organs (stamens andpistils); g a pistil or pistils, but lacking stamens. (comparestaminate)Mostly dioecious, but with some perfect monoecious, but with some perfect unisexual and bisexual flowers on the same g stamens but not pistils, as a male flower which does notproduce fruit or seeds. (compare pistillate)With male, female, and bisexual flowers on different plants.